Rhythm is a kind of visual beauty of calligraphy art that is expressed through the rhythm of the brush. How to master the rhythm of the pen is a difficult question to answer, no wonder Yu Shinan also had to say with emotion in the "Theory of the Essence of the Pen".
Slow and fast, if the wheel is flat and the wheel is chopped, it is not slow and not fast. Get it from the heart and respond to it in the hand, and the mouth can't say it.
The rhythm of calligraphy art is the same as the rhythm in **, it is not only a flowing and changing form, but also a rhythmic form. It is not only an integral part of the "common beauty" of calligraphy art, but also an expression of the author's temperament and interest. In particular, the writing of the book, it occupies a pivotal position in the use of the pen, a book with a beautiful rhythm, it can not only make the static glyphs on the paper become lively and lively, the sky is flowing, the spirit is flying, the meaning is eternal, but also through the rhythm of light, heavy, Xu, and disease to produce a change in the color of the ink color. It is conceivable that if we write at an average speed, the result will be either stiff and dull, or the demeanor will be hurried and thin, and the words written in this way will not be vivid, let alone rhyme. I remember that Mr. Qian Shoutie, a famous calligrapher and painter seal carver in modern times, often said: "Writing should have a sense of **." "I didn't understand it very well at first, but as I deepened my practice of calligraphy, I gradually came to understand it. Appreciate an interesting calligraphy work, its tone must have the rhythm of the first and the rhythm of poetry, so that the viewer leaves a sweet tooth and cheek, and the aftertaste is endless. And this rhythm is composed by using the lightness, weight, slowness, and illness in the brush, as well as the various brushstrokes derived from it. In order to illustrate these issues, let's try to discuss them from the following aspects.
First, it is advisable to slow down the writing of the book for beginners to determine its situation
Generally speaking, the rhythm of the line script is faster than that of the calm and dignified regular script, and it is slower than the vigorous cursive script. The line is biased to the regular method, the line is biased to the grass method, and the line of writing is in between, calmly in the middle of the road, not slow and not sick, not restrained, such as flowing water, is the most chic style of writing in the penmanship.
For beginners, it is best to base it on regular script. The speed of the regular script pen movement is slower, but slow does not mean that there is no rhythm. For example, when the pen is reversed, it should be fast, first rush back, and then rush down, such as "startling the snake into the grass"; When closing the pen, it should be fast, slow down and return, like "flying birds out of the forest". The start and end should be slow, and the late return should not advance, so as to become the trend of hiding the head and protecting the tail; The middle stroke should be rhythmic; When the front is not adjusted, you can use the method of "sluggishness" to advance against the trend and move in frustration; The front has been adjusted, and the "astringent" method can be used, and the center can go straight through, such as a cone drawing sand. When the dot painting and dot painting exchange transition, the Fit movement should be fast, the so-called "too expensive disease", do not stop the gesture. The law is suitable for profit, and it is necessary to squat and come out; The method should be Xu, twists and turns, such as swimming fish in water, proud Xu is out; The pecking method should be fast, and the fast is sharp; The law should be slow, and there is a sense of calmness and unhurriedness; The needle is hanging and wants to Xu, and Xu is content and has Yu Yan; The dew is sick, the disease is strong and the pen can be reversed. Don't use a hard pen (wolf hair) too fast, fast is easy to show edges and corners, and the dot painting is thin; Do not use a soft pen (sheep's hair) too slowly, and if you slow down, the pen will be weak and the dot painting will be bloated. When the pen is full, use the pen quickly; When there is little ink, the pen should be used slowly. When turning, the flip should be clean and clear, and the action should be refreshing; It is advisable to change the pen heart with twisting and turning, and the action is calm. In the time and space of the strike, the reverse exposure should be fast, and the fast is extremely powerful.
In terms of severity, the point method is more important, such as "the falling stone of the peak", and the lead should be light, which is "invisible turn"; Write horizontally and draw the pen to be reversed, the middle pen should be rich, and the end should be reviewed; Writing vertical strokes should be forced, the middle should be lifted, and the pen should be dignified; Before the hook is hooked, Yidun squatting front, "squatting", seven points and three folds, lightly press like a person's half squat; When the method is folded, it is appropriate to pause the pen, "pause", nine points of force is full, press it again and stop suddenly; The division method is full of pampering, the method is used to spread the millimeter, and the full pinch is fat; The seal method is used to lift the fly, the law is used to wrap the front, and the fly is thin. "Between a painting, it rises and falls in the peaks; Within one point, the frustration is in the millimeter", and the actions such as lifting and pressing, frustration, and reciprocating always run through the whole use of the pen.
The above methods are fully reflected in the regular script. Beginners should pay attention to the changes in the light, heavy, slow and sick pen when they begin to write regular script, and over time, the rhythm of the pen will naturally occur, and it has also laid a solid foundation for learning to write calligraphy. Of course, it is not necessary to write a line of script after the success of regular script, between the two, you can alternately try to learn from each other's strengths. The regular script makes the turn invisible but the dot painting has the tangible quality, and the line of the book makes the flow and the dot painting has an echo, penetrating each other, and has a lot of wonders. Jiang He's "Authentic Calligraphy" said: "Learning to practice calligraphy can know the bloodline of the real book, and it cannot be divided into two pieces." "Its implementation of the book and the regular script, in the gesture is the same line, but the regular script pen is broken, the shape is not coherent and the air is through, and the line of the book is dotted between the echo of the hope echo is more obvious than the regular script. In short, writing should be based on regular scripts.
Su Shi's "Book Says" says:
True as standing, walking as walking, grass as walking (running), there is no failure to stand and walk, failure to walk and can walk.
Therefore, if you want to be the master of the book, don't despise the law.
On the basis of regular script, beginners can also start with regular script. Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Preface", Yang Ningshi's "Leek Flower Post", Lu Cambodia's "Wenfu", Li Yong's "Yuelu Temple Tablet" and "Li Sixun Tablet" are some excellent copying models. First learn its dot painting, then look at its structure, then its gestures, and then get its artistic conception. Slow down the pen to determine its situation, when the shape is the top. If you are a beginner, you will talk about "Yilin" and boast of "god-likeness", which is a self-deception, but you will not get the true meaning of the ancients' pen.
The body of the grass knot is simple, interchangeable, and has the characteristics of change. Because of the grass in the line, those who learn to write must bypass the grass method. When you first come to cursive, you should not use the pen too fast, so as to make sure that the dot painting is running, the light and the heavy are virtual and real, and you are proficient for a long time. When it arrived, the gesture was self-generated, which laid the foundation for writing the grass.
Second, the most important thing is to seek unity in the comparison of the severity and severity of the disease
The rhythm of the writing is more fluid than that of regular script, with a harmonious rhythm and a smart look. As praised in Fengfang's "Book Tips": "The pen does not stop, the paper does not leave, and the light turn is repressed." Like the flow of water, there is no interruption, and business will always exist. Therefore, when writing a book, it is necessary not only to be slow and not sick, but also to have a disease and a slow, and the virtual and the real are born together. Speed is in it, and late is wonderful. or slow to imitate the ancient, and the disease to be surprising; Or Xu to know, quickly to take the momentum. Those who take slowness as the main tone are calm and thoughtful, with a calm and restless attitude and graceful posture; Those who take speed as the main tone are dripping and hearty, with a vertical and horizontal gallop and a flying posture. In short, there must be a grass intention between the dot paintings, and there must be a sense of grass between the lines, and the reciprocation is reciprocated, and the pen is flying, so there is naturally a kind of innocent, sloppy and far-reaching atmosphere between the lines.
Writing and writing should not be light or heavy, thick but not heavy, thin and not light, so that its flesh and bones are commensurate, fat and thin, and it should be light and heavy, or light as cicada wings (such as a high-altitude hairspring), or heavy as a collapsing cloud (such as a point method). The lightness is extremely invisible, although it is still real, there is a "silence is better than sound at this time". The light place should be solid with a pen, and the heavy place should be mentioned with a pen. Where the pen is over, it is light, and if it is too heavy, it will be noisy and take the master; Where the dot painting is heavy, it is too light, and it is slippery and nonsensical. Those who enter the line with the seal method, make good use of Tifei, and take thinness and hardness as beauty; Those who enter the industry with the division method should make good use of the full and fat strength. Therefore, making good use of the pen is not about the thickness of the dot painting, but about the clarity and cleanliness of the dot painting. "The clean one is not thin and cold. Those who are fat also have clear air"; "Ying, like a lonely moon flowing in the sky, without clouds"; "The one who is clean is said to have round strokes"; Those who "run", "the force is round, and the run is also". Yao Mengqi's "Character Study" said:
The scum is clean, too weak and weak, and the direction is thick and written all the way. The word can be ancient, not old, the dust is old, the dust is ancient, and the ancient is new.
If you don't make good use of the author, if it's too light, it's superficial, and if it's too heavy, it's turbid.
From the above, the four methods of light, heavy, Xu and disease should be used interchangeably, not only to maintain the unity and coordination of the tone of the whole work, but also to be flexible and changeable, the key is whether the pen is used. If you can't go fast, it is called "wild galloping", and wild galloping is sick in the boneless, dot painting is superficial, the pen has no frustration, and it is most likely to lose momentum; If it is not delayed, it is called "drowning", and drowning stagnation is sick in bone idiot, stagnation and dullness, and the pen is not sharp, and it is most easy to be turbid. If it can be fast, it is called "into the gods", and the pen of the accident is full of fun, indulgence and pleasure, and it is also full of elegance; If it can be late, it is called "appreciation", and the appreciation will be graceful and comfortable, the posture is out, and the leisurely stroll is leisurely and self-satisfied. The ancients wrote books, no matter how slow they were, they could be as ambitious. Such as Xu, Su grass, although the wind is gone, full of fantasy, and its dot painting, no one loses the pen; The trip of Su and Mi, although vigorous and strong, calm and generous, and looking at its momentum, hearty and happy. If you don't make good use of the author, no matter how slow you are, it's all because the pen is not flexible, and it's unnatural.
3. Writing should be based on composure
For beginners, you must be down-to-earth and composed. The so-called "composure" has three meanings: one refers to the power of the brush, the metaphorical dot painting is like carving into the element, into the wood for three points, and there is a state of sinking into the bones. The second refers to the use of the pen to be fine, "although a little bit of painting, as small as corn, but also divided into three over the back pitch trend".
The third refers to the calm attitude and the meaning of rhyme with emptiness and harmony. Therefore, among the four methods of light, heavy, Xu and disease, only "Xu" is the key, and this method can be used only when it is ripe. Zhao Xiaoguang's "Cold Mountain Broom Talk" said:
Calligraphers are late and fast, and late are also their true colors. The ancients did not have a hurry, Zizhi, Xu, Su, Shi, but three or four generations of ears. Although it must be late, it is better to be quick. If it is not too late, contempt, slang, wild, and vulgar will be mixed.
If the first line of writing, you want to be lyrical and freehand, to be happy, disdain to work, although Han falls like flying, the pen goes dragon and snake, but quietly and observing, full of defects, not only unreasonable, but the shape of the cow ghost snake god is presented, which is not good at learning the big drawback. As soon as the pen and ink are involved in the evil way, they will forever fall into hell, which must not be careless. The way of pen and ink, although it comes from the hand, is rooted in the heart. Therefore, those who are interested in books should return to simplicity, be self-conscious, work hard in transcendence, seek true skills in calmness, and write with no distinction between ambitions and spirits, so as to achieve the ultimate in the realm and have immortal creations.
Fourth, the book is valuable in the movement of quiet
Writing and writing is important in moving and quiet. Zhang Tingxiang and Lu Yizhen's "Yuyan Lou Calligraphy" said:
The true book is quiet, the book is moving, the static and flying momentum, the moving and the feeling of the remaining abyss, the true line is into the samadhi.
This language can be very clear, when writing the book, the dot painting should be deep into the bone, the gesture is smooth and permeable, the tone of the pen should be suppressed and frustrated, and the glyph should be vivid and lively. The bodhisattva lowered his eyebrows, which is the full restraint; King Kong's angry eyes are nothing more than domineering. "Quiet" people, dot painting is fine, calm is said; "Moving", the gesture is smooth, and the spirit is flying. Or still as water, or moving as a rabbit. When it is launched in silence, it will be alive and spontaneous; Quiet in motion, then return to plain. Wang Xizhi's book was commented on by predecessors: "The dragon jumps over the gate of heaven, and the tiger lies in the phoenix." "A metaphor for the change of movement and stillness. Looking at the "Peace Post", its penmanship is strong and graceful, and it is composed of pleasure, which is enough to make people fall for it. Writing is fast-paced, but don't be busy. The so-called "busy" person is said to have no fixed rules, his hands are in a hurry, his feet are in a hurry, he is cramped and embarrassed, his behavior is hurried, and he is in a hurry with his pen. Zhu Hetang's "Linchi Heart Solution" says:
Writing a book must be done in a whole time. If you are in a hurry, there is no beginning and end of the fold, and there is no subtlety in the exchanges, such as the chaos and disorder.
Legend has it that Wang Anshishu is like the wind and rain, Zhao Meng's daily book is ten thousand words, Mi Fu can be a thousand papers, but its attitude is comfortable, there is no haste disease, the penmanship is extremely skillful, and it can fall like a fly. Therefore, when writing grass, there is short, and it is impossible to be busy.
In short, the pen should be full of rhythm, take advantage of the momentum, and turn the spirit to make the pen lively, and the words want to be vivid, so as to compete with the ancients.