China CustomsThe data shows that in December 2023, Chinese mainland from the NetherlandsImportsLithographyThe amount of equipment reached 1.1 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 1000%. With the 6 of October$700 million and 8$200 million compared toImportsThe amount has increased substantially. Throughout the yearImportsSemiconductorsThe total amount of equipment is also close to 40 billion US dollars. This data has raised questions among netizens whether it means domestic productionLithography machineBad prospects?
However, this is not the case. Although domesticLithography machineThere are certain limitations in meeting specific processes, but it does not mean that they are domesticLithography machineHope has been lost. In fact, domesticLithography machineR&D has been ongoing for the countryChipsThe development of manufacturing processes plays an important role in driving this.
Lithography machineAsSemiconductorsThe core equipment of the manufacturing process, for different typesChipsThere are different requirements for manufacturing. Due toChipsThe types and processes are very complex, and the different use scenarios determine the differences in their processes.
For example, for missiles, satellites, etcChipsHigher reliability, safety and radiation resistance are required. This kindChipsUsually 55nm, 60nm or more processes are used. And used for:Smartphonesand other scenesChips, which requires higher performance and low power consumption, and integrates CPUs, GPUs, and moreisp, NPU and other functions. This kindChipsUsually adopted7nmThe following processes.
At the moment, it is possibleMass productionCommercialized domesticLithography machineMostlyShanghai Microelectronics' 600 series lithography machine。This kindLithography machineIt can meet the needs of 90nm, 110nm and 280nmLithographydemand, and fabricate 55nm by multi-** wayChips。However, the yield rate will be reduced, and the leakage rate will also be increased, which is suitable for aerospace, industrial industrial control and other processes that do not have high requirementsChipsScenario.
ForSmartphonesChips, computer CPUs and AIChipsand other more precise processesChips, domesticLithography machineCan't meet the demand. At this time,asmlAs globalLithography machineLeading enterprises play an important role. asmlThere are many typesLithography machine, including aRFI lithography machinewithEUV lithography machine, which can meet the needs of various scenariosChipsDemand.
asmlFounded in 1984, it has a market share of 85% and controls more than 90% of the worldImmersion DUV lithography machineand 100%.EUV lithography machine。Almost allChipsManufacturers, including TSMC, Samsung, Intel, etc., use without exceptionasmlofLithography machine
On June 30, 2023, the Netherlands introduced the advancedSemiconductorsThe new regulations on the export control of equipment prohibit the export of parts from the Netherlands without permissionImmersion lithography machine。Although this limitation is in:Militaryand the industrial sector has limited impact in the short term, but for highTechnologyThe development of the field has a great impact.
Netherlands export restrictionsLithography machineMostlyasml2050i and2100i, these twoLithography machineWidely used in 28nm,14nm, 10nm and7nmprocessChipsmanufacturing, theoretically also possible to manufacture 5nmChips。This means that China may not be able to obtain it14nmThe following logicChips, high-end DRAMChipsand 128 floors and more Nandflash.
Although some analysts believe thatLithography machineThe limit is rightHuaweiand so onTechnologySanctions of giants, but with the aim of restricting high-techTechnologyThe development of China in the highTechnologyDomain dependencyImports。Therefore, in order to break this restriction, China must actively promote domestic productionLithography machineresearch and development to improve their own process technology level.
FaceLithography machineImportsLimited situation, China has increased domestic productionLithography machineR&D efforts to promote independent innovation. For example, Jiangsu HuaxinLithography machineThe institute was established in 2020 with the aim of R&D and production of domestic productionLithography machineto elevate China inSemiconductorsAutonomous capabilities in the field of manufacturing.
In addition, the Chinese Academy of SciencesMicroelectronicsThe institute is also domestically producedLithography machineThere has been a breakthrough in the field. They cooperated with Jiangsu ** and jointly invested 2 billion yuanRMBEstablished China's first domestic unitLithography machineThe manufacturing and application R&D center has its own developmentIntellectual PropertyofLithography machine
Although currently domesticLithography machineThe level of the process is also withasmlThere is a certain gap between international manufacturers, but China is inLithography machineR&D and technological progress in the field are still worth looking forward to. With ChinaSemiconductorsThe development of the industry and the improvement of the technical level, domesticLithography machineIt is expected that better breakthroughs will be made in the future.
To sum up, although a lotImportsLithography machineIt may have temporarily affected domestic productionLithography machinemarket share, but does not mean domesticLithography machineThe outlook is worrying. Lithography machineThe application scenarios and needs are very diverse and domesticLithography machineThere is still a certain market repercussion in terms of specific processes. At the same time, China is also increasing domestic productionLithography machineresearch and development efforts, and have made certain technological progress. With ChinaSemiconductorsThe development of the industry, domesticLithography machineIt is expected that better breakthroughs will be achieved in the future.