As an important branch of artificial intelligence and automation technology, machine vision is a key means to give machines the ability to simulate, extend or even surpass human visual perception.
The basic functions of machine vision mainly include the following aspects:
1.Image Acquisition:This is the foundation of a machine vision system, which captures a 2D or 3D image of a target object through a camera or other imaging device. These images can be visible, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray and other forms, depending on the application to choose the appropriate imaging method.
2.Image Processing:Once the original image is acquired, the image needs to be pre-processed to improve the accuracy of subsequent recognition and analysis. This includes operations such as noise removal, contrast adjustment, brightness correction, color conversion (e.g., grayscale), edge detection, filtering, and more to make image features stand out.
3.Feature Extraction & Matching:One of the core functions of machine vision is to extract and identify key features in the image, such as shape, texture, color, size, etc., and further identify specific target objects through algorithm comparison and matching. This process usually involves the application of complex algorithms such as pattern recognition and deep learning.
4.Positioning & Measurement:Machine vision can accurately determine the position and attitude of the target object in the image to achieve precise positioning; At the same time, through the analysis of the target features in the image, high-precision dimensional measurement can be realized, such as part size detection, position coordinate calculation, etc.
5.Classification & Identification:Machine vision systems can automatically classify and recognize objects in images, for example, to distinguish good and bad products on an industrial production line, or to identify traffic signs, pedestrians, and other vehicles in driverless scenarios.
6.Monitoring & Alarming:In areas such as quality control and security, machine vision systems can monitor environmental changes and anomalies in real time, and once behaviors or events that do not comply with preset rules are found, they will immediately trigger alarms and take corresponding measures.
7.Automatic Guidance & Control:Machine vision combined with robot motion control system can realize accurate automatic operations such as material grabbing, assembly, and welding, as well as functions such as autonomous navigation and autonomous driving path planning of drones.
It can be seen that the basic functions of machine vision cover multiple levels from image acquisition, processing to object recognition, measurement, positioning and even intelligent decision-making, and the development of its core technology has greatly promoted the intelligent process of manufacturing, logistics, medical health, traffic safety and many other industries.
With the continuous breakthrough of cutting-edge technologies such as computer vision and deep learning, the functions of machine vision will be more abundant and perfect, providing strong technical support for the realization of a truly intelligent society. Machine vision is playing an increasingly important role in many fields such as intelligent manufacturing, autonomous driving, medical diagnosis, and safety monitoring.