In the pathology report, "high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia" is a term used to describe cellular abnormalities that refer to significant atypical hyperplasia and abnormal changes in cells, which are usually precancerous. In other words, it suggests that cells, although they have not yet broken through the basement membrane to develop into invasive cancers, have shown severe morphological abnormalities that risk progressing to malignancy if left untreated.
Intraepithelial neoplasia is usually divided into two types: low-grade and high-grade
Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia means that the cells have a slight abnormality and a low risk of progression to cancer.
High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia indicates a high degree of cellular abnormality and is associated with a significantly increased risk of malignant transformation.
High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia is commonly reported in pathology reports of multiple organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, cervix, and urinary system. For example, in a Pap smear, high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is called CIN2 or CIN3 (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) and is an important marker of cervical precancer.
High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in the pathology report is a serious warning sign that requires adequate attention from clinicians. Patients may require further diagnostic testing to determine the extent of the lesion and to discuss possible options. The purpose is to remove the abnormal cells and prevent them from developing into aggressive cancers. Methods may include endoscopic excision, laser, cryotherapy, or surgery, depending on the location and extent of the lesion and the patient's health.
Regular follow-up and monitoring are essential for patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, as these patients are still at risk of progressing to cancer even after **. With regular endoscopy, imaging monitoring, or other relevant screening methods, any new or residual abnormalities can be detected in a timely manner.
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