The Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation is extremely difficult and unimaginable
Zhou Baozhong, the former commander of the Teaching Brigade of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation, once told *** that if the last team of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation did not withdraw into the territory of the Soviet Union, it might be completely wiped out. This is because in the harsh environment of that year, it was difficult for the weak flame of the Anti-United Nations to continue to burn in the storm.
Today, we're going to ** the extent of that harsh environment.
September 1931After the 18 Incident, the Kuomintang adopted a policy of non-resistance, as a result of which the Japanese invaders quickly occupied the entire three northeastern provinces. Although there were many self-organized anti-Japanese self-defense forces to resist the invasion in the early days, these self-defense forces were gradually disintegrated due to the increase in the military strength of the Japanese invaders.
However, the anti-Japanese organizations of the Communist Party of China represented by Yang Jingyu developed and grew at the low tide of the Northeast Volunteer Army's resistance against Japan, and successively formed the First Division and the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army and the First Route Army of the Anti-Japanese Allied Army.
In leading the anti-Japanese armed struggle, Yang Jingyu and others conscientiously implemented the instructions of the first and the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee, actively engaged in the creation of anti-Japanese base areas, and in October 1933, led the independent division of the First Army of the Northeast People's Revolutionary Army to the south to Jinchuan, Mengjiang (now Jingyu County), Liuhe, Tonghua and other vast areas.
In the spring of 1934, the Independent Division of the First Army moved south to Qingyuan, Xingjing, Huanren, Benxi and other places. In February 1934, Yang Jingyu sent a security company of the Independent Division to inspect Huanren, Benxi, Xingjing and other places to inspect the geographical environment, customs and folk conditions here, and set about establishing anti-Japanese guerrilla base areas.
He once told Han Guang, inspector of the provincial party committee: "The areas around Huanren, Jinchuan, and Liuhe in the south of the Yangtze River are very well ruled by the enemy, but they have a good mass base, and they are good places to carry out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare.
There are tens of thousands of anti-Japanese contingents of various names in this area, and there are many team leaders, and it is very necessary to organize them and twist them into a rope," and "we must strive to unite them."
The old bald man of Huanren County and the monk hat of Benxi County, the two majestic peaks are located in the range of hundreds of miles, the mountains are high and dense, the terrain is dangerous, the ravines are vertical and horizontal, and they have excellent offensive and defensive advantages.
In addition, this area is located at the intersection of the five counties of Benxi, Huanren, Xingjing, Kuandian, and Fengcheng, and the Japanese puppet rule is relatively weak, and some places have limited jurisdiction. This was once the place where the Liaoning People's Self-Defense Army and the Northeast People's Self-Defense Army carried out military and anti-Japanese activities, and the masses had a good foundation and were full of anti-Japanese enthusiasm.
Therefore, this is undoubtedly an ideal place for the establishment of a new anti-Japanese guerrilla base area.
Benxi County Monk Hat Base: Witness of History, Miracle of Nature!
The base area of the Lao Baldingzi Base Area in Huanren County is the base area of the First Division of the First Army of the Anti-Japanese Federation, and their scope of activity in the Benxi area is the main ridge mountain range extending southwest from the Changbai Mountain, including the areas on both sides of several kilometer watersheds from Huanren Lao Baldingzi to the Monk's Hat in Benxi County, and they mainly use the mountains to conduct guerrilla warfare.
At the same time, the Japanese side also has a large number of troops deployed here. In 1930, the 4th Brigade of the Independent Garrison of the Japanese Railways and its subordinate division.
The second and third squadrons were stationed in Lianshanguan, Benxi County.
The 1st and 4th squadrons were stationed at Jiguanshan and Andong respectively.
After that, the 4th Brigade and the 4th Squadron of the 6th Independent Garrison of Japan, under the orders of the "Kwantung Army", directly participated in the military occupation of Benxi, Fengcheng and Andong, and participated in the suppression of the anti-Japanese army and civilians.
In addition, the 4th Brigade and the 4th Squadron of the 6th Independent Garrison Brigade of Japan also set up squadron headquarters in Lianshan Pass, Jiguanshan, Benxihu and Andong respectively, with more than 100 troops, more than 100 people, more than 100 people, more than 200 people and more than 100 people respectively.
These squadrons also formed detachments and were stationed along the Caohekou, Nanfen, Qiaotou, and Shiqiaozi railways. It is worth noting that in addition to these regular troops, Japan also has an armed police of almost a thousand people.
Generally speaking, the Japanese side's deployment of troops in Huanren County was quite strong.
Li Minhuan, chief of staff of the First Army of the First Western Expedition of the Anti-Japanese Federation, died in the Motianling of Lianshan Pass.
Blacksmith Gou, a place that carries historical memories, is the place where Chief of Staff Lee Min-hwan sacrificed his life for the country. From June to July 1936, the Japanese invaders gathered more than 2,000 people to fight against the First Division of the First Army of the United Nations to encircle, pursue and intercept, and even dispatched pseudo-self-defense regiments and stick teams to stand guard and deliver news.
From November to December of the same year, the Japanese invaders mobilized more than 3,000 people to carry out a "crusade" against the Third Division of the First Army of the United Nations, which made the two western expeditions fail. In addition, in February 1937 and February 1938, the Japanese invaders concentrated their superior forces to carry out large-scale crusades against the Monk Hat in Benxi County, the base of the First Division of the United Nations, causing heavy losses to the First Division of the Anti-Japanese Union.
This was the huge difference between the military personnel of our Anti-Japanese Federation and the enemy at that time, and it is also a history that we must not forget.
The weapons on which the Anti-United Nations depended.
The anti-United Nations team is facing great difficulties in terms of equipment and logistical supply. Without an arsenal, they mainly rely on combat capture to obtain ** ammunition, and every battle is a test of life and death.
Warriors who don't have guns can only use broadswords, spears, or earthen guns, not to mention heavy **. The food is mainly dependent on seizures, which cannot be produced by oneself, and is high and often starved.
The grains in the Northeast are mainly corn, sorghum, soybeans and soybean cakes, coarse grains are eaten with skins, vegetables are mostly pickles, and meat and eggs are even rarer. Medicines are even more scarce, and once injured, if there are not enough medicines, the mortality rate will be greatly increased.
The anti-United Nations team lives in the deep mountains and old forests, travels on two legs, is usually tens or hundreds of kilometers away from the enemy, carries at least 15-20 kilograms of equipment and food, and sometimes has to run.
If there is a seizure, then the burden will be heavier.
The fruits of victory in the battle - captured Japanese guns.
Surrounded by high mountains, the camp is like climbing a ladder, with steep trails to overcome at every step. In summer, the dead trees in the deep mountains and old forests are vertical and horizontal, and snakes and insects are infested, which makes people chill; In winter, the mountains are covered with heavy snow, making it difficult to walk.
Many of the peaks are not easy to climb, and we are tired from climbing the mountain, not to mention that these fighters have to carry dozens of pounds of ammunition and food.
The living environment of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation is extremely harsh, and the severe cold of the winter for five months, lack of food and drink, and heavy snow cover the mountains make their survival very difficult. Although the challenge of fighting the enemy is huge, the existence of the enemy "Winter" is a severe test for the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance.
On the other hand, the guerrilla warfare in the south of our country was able to hold out because there was no enemy called "winter".
There is no food or clothing, only the enemy sends it forward, and there are no guns or cannons for the enemy to make for us."
In the cold winter, the people in the mountains of Northeast China most often wear this kind of "indigo" shoes. Only by wearing it can you withstand the cold attack. However, when walking on snow-covered roads, indigo shoes tend to slip and fall.
The living environment of the First Army of the Anti-Japanese Union was very difficult, and due to the frequent "crusades" and economic blockade of the Japanese puppet army, they had to start a hard life of secret camps and camping.
Life in the camp was extremely difficult, with scorching summer heat, sun and rain, and mosquito bites; In winter, the weather is cold and the ground is frozen, and the mountains are covered by heavy snow, and the hands and feet are often frozen. In addition, the secret camp was destroyed by the enemy one after another, and the remaining secret camp was also unable to accommodate because the enemy searched the mountains everywhere and set fires.
In such a difficult environment, the anti-United Nations commanders and fighters had no choice but to camp in the mountains and jungles. "In the summer, when it rains, they hang a broken quilt on a stick to form a shed, and people sleep underneath, and when it rains heavily, they sleep in muddy water.
In winter, I slept on the snow, spread under my body with broken leaves and branches, and it was so cold that I couldn't sleep. "When it's really cold, I light a bonfire to prevent my hands and feet from freezing. Without food, "there was simply nothing left, mainly wild vegetables and leaves instead, and the little food there was was not enough for the sick to eat."
This kind of camping life is just like the ballad sung by the commanders and fighters of the Anti-Japanese Federation: "The sky is big, the land is big." Fire is life, forest is home. Wild vegetables and wild fruits are food. ”
This is a true portrayal of the camping life of the First Army of the Anti-Japanese Alliance. In order to cut off the common people's ties with the Anti-Japanese Federation, the Japanese invaders adopted even more vicious measures, implementing the so-called "gathering of families and consolidations," driving the common people scattered in the ditches and ditches to live in a concentrated concentration in several large villages, burning down their houses, placing them under centralized residential surveillance, setting up isolation and security networks, and creating no-man's land, so as to achieve the so-called "separation of bandits and people," thus achieving the criminal goal of eliminating the anti-Japanese armed forces.
In 1936, Benxi County began to implement the collection of families to return to the tun, due to the resistance and struggle of the broad masses of the people, the progress of the Japanese puppet authorities' collection of families to return to the tun was blocked, although some "group tribes" were established that year, but only 21 really had "protective capabilities".
In May 1936, the Japanese garrison stationed in the alkali factory went to Mao'an, Zhouchugou, Xiaozhangjiabao Houwasteland and Guoyugou in the Tianshi area, burned down more than 400 houses in more than 200 households in the above-mentioned natural villages, and shot and killed 2 innocent civilians.
In July 1937, the Japanese invaders burned down a total of 278 houses in the two ditches of Benxi and Xiaotao, turning them into no man's land. On October 27 of the same year, in just one day, the Mu army burned down more than 300 houses in Dongyingfang, Yanghugou, Xiaodonggou, Hongtudianzi, Xiaosiping, Laoyinggou and other small tunzi in the eastern part of the soda factory, and Hou Qingdong, a farmer in Dayangtun, was killed by the Japanese army of 12 people.
In eight small villages east of the alkali plant, 1,238 houses were burned down by the Japanese army, and dozens of residents were killed.
To commemorate the glorious achievements of the Chinese in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
The defeat of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation in the War of Resistance can be summarized into four main factors: 1The strength of friend and foe is too unbalanced, including manpower, ** and logistics disadvantages.
2.The climate in the northeast is harsh, the living conditions are difficult, and it is impossible to conduct guerrilla warfare in winter. 3.The Anti-Union fought alone, lacking external support. 4.The existence of traitors and thieves has even more damage to the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation than the Japanese invaders.