Doppler ultrasound is an important adjunct. Prenatal ultrasonography can detect congenital hemangiomas as early as 12 weeks' gestation.
However, due to the size, location, level of examiner, and experience, not all congenital hemangiomas can be detected in utero. Ultrasonography after birth is a simple, effective method.
Congenital hemangiomas are mostly characterized by well-defined soft tissue masses with abundant arteriovenous blood flow, and dilated duct-like structures within the lesions can be seen. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT can be used for further investigations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can clearly show the size, structure, extent, and relationship of the lesion to the surrounding tissue. Congenital hemangiomas are characterized by clear borders, T1 low intensity, T2 high intensity, uniform enhancement, and flow in the lesion indicating high blood flow. In addition, aneurysms, thrombosis, and calcifications can be found in congenital hemangioma lesions, which are extremely rare in infantile hemangiomas and help in the differential diagnosis of congenital hemangiomas. When it is necessary to distinguish from an arteriovenous malformation, angiography (CTA or DSA) can confirm the presence of an arteriovenous fistula.
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