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In the long course of history, 1969 is undoubtedly the period when the People's Republic of China faced the greatest risks since its founding. At that time, the Soviet Union mobilized its military forces on a large scale and secretly planned a nuclear strategic attack against China, hoping to completely eliminate any threat that China might pose.
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the plan, the Soviets even privately approached their old enemy in the international arena, the United States, and signed a mysterious contract.
At a time when the entire population is under tremendous existential pressure, an unprecedented strategy has been proposed to unexpectedly put both the United States and the Soviet Union in a difficult position.
It is worth noting that just as the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China is approaching, China has conducted two nuclear tests without a sound.
Incredibly, in the two nuclear tests conducted in our motherland, the satellites of the United States and the Soviet Union and other countries received an unusually powerful ** signal and the obvious vibration caused by it almost simultaneously, so as to determine that these sudden phenomena came from China's nuclear tests.
Why has there never been a corresponding announcement from the Chinese authorities?
On the other hand, however, the Soviets suddenly realized that China's two nuclear tests were not intended to collect nuclear test data, but rather to the attitude that the Soviet Union had declared before the outbreak of the war, that is, to inform the Soviet Union that China was not afraid of any form of nuclear attack, nor was it afraid of any form of nuclear threat.
So, what events took place along the way that led China to decide to conduct two nuclear tests to inform the Soviet Union? The origin of the matter can be traced back to the conflict between China and the Soviet Union in the Zhenbao Island area in March 1969.
In 1950, China and the Soviet Union concluded the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance" of far-reaching significance. It is noteworthy that at that time the Soviet side provided our country with a large number of first-class specialists, who gave great support to our domestic construction undertakings. Projects such as the world-famous Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge and road construction in other provinces and cities were all planned and promoted by Soviet experts.
During this period, the friendship between the two countries was unprecedentedly deep, and it is no exaggeration to say that it can be described as close as a neighbor. We stand on the same side as the Soviet Union and work together to counter isolation and pressure from the Western world.
In the immediate years after Stalin's death, the political situation in the Soviet Union changed dramatically. Khrushchev, who took over Stalin's throne of power, openly denounced Stalin and his ideology as a fallacy at the Party Congress. This incident not only triggered a profound ideological shock, but also became the source of irreconcilable chaos within our communist camp.
In this political ** that shocked the world, the role played by China in it is not entirely enough to attract the attention of the international community. Although Stalin, one of the greatest proletarian revolutionaries in the history of the world, made some wrong decisions in his later years, these were not enough for his successor to deny his entire contribution so harshly.
Subsequently, Khrushchev put forward a request for the creation of a coalition ** and long-wave radio stations on the territory and territorial waters of our country.
At first glance, this seems to be a good deal, but a closer look reveals that the real intention of the Soviet Union was to try to interfere with China's sovereignty and independence and achieve total control over China.
Under these circumstances, the top echelons of our country expressed their opposition to this unacceptable demand one after another, and resolutely resisted the Soviet Union's attempts to impose effective rule by launching military attacks on China.
Since then, the contradictions between China and the Soviet Union have intensified, and until Khrushchev**, the tensions between the two sides have not been substantially eased. In the end, Brezhnev even sent troops to China's neighboring countries, seriously encroaching on China's border security.
In March 1969, deafening artillery rang out on the Ussuri River between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China, as our army resolutely resisted the continued incursions of Soviet troops on the Zhenbao Island area.
Also during this period, the United States publicly stated that they were planning to develop a device called the "anti-missile system", the main purpose of which was to deal with a possible direct offensive by the Soviet Union and a potential threat from China in the next 10 years.
By August of the same year, the Soviets had communicated to the United States that they intended to launch a nuclear bomb raid on China. Then, in September of the same year, the Chinese People's Liberation Army announced that the entire army had entered a state of first-level combat readiness.
In addition, ** issue command instructions:** The leadership tries to avoid gathering in Beijing.
Over time, 1969 became a crucial year for the escalation of contradictions and their eventual transformation into military conflicts. In the early spring of 1969, Soviet troops crossed the Sino-Russian border on a large scale and launched an invasion of Zhenbao Island, which is located on the border between the two countries.
In the early morning of March 15, 1969, the Soviet army used the then advanced main battle tank T62 to enter our territory in an attempt to cross the frozen river. After nine hours of fierce fighting, our guards managed to drive out several Soviet attacks, and at the same time destroyed one of the T62 tanks with anti-tank rocket launchers, paralyzing it on the ice on our side and unable to move.
By the morning of the next day, the Soviets were still unwilling, and they used rocket minelayers to drop a large number of anti-infantry mines on Zhenbao Island, intending to block our road to the river and prevent us from recapturing the tanks. Also in the afternoon of the same day, the Soviets carried out a frenzied artillery cover of the island and the surrounding area.
Accompanied by the coordinated guidance and cover of tanks and armored vehicles, the Soviet army once again organized an infantry regiment of about 70 people to penetrate deep into the territory of our country. They set up a large number of mines in the vicinity of Zhenbao Island and Gangnao in an attempt to prevent us from landing on the island, and set aside a passage up to 20 meters wide in advance so that we could safely evacuate after acquiring the tanks.
Interestingly, this time the Soviets were very planned, they first used anti-infantry mines to close our route to the river; Then create a large amount of fire suppression, support its infantry regiment to enter the island and set traps, block the way of our soldiers to the island, and book the evacuation route in advance, trying to take the opportunity to recapture the tank and quickly flee the battlefield.
Our army, on the other hand, seized the opportunity of the concentrated exposure of Soviet tanks and armored vehicles to the enemy on the island with artillery shells, thus allowing the Soviet army to make several unsuccessful attempts to rescue us. Seeing that there was no hope of regaining the tanks, the Soviets had no choice but to give up and stopped the shelling at the same time. Our ** team also temporarily stopped fighting back after an interval of 5 minutes.
However, since the island and its surrounding area were covered with various types of mines by the Soviet army, it became extremely difficult for our team to successfully recapture the tanks.
To this end, the front-line command decisively ordered the soldiers who landed on the island to carry out mine detection work as soon as possible. Just as our soldiers were about to land on the island, the sky suddenly snowed heavily, and the temperature plummeted to more than 30 degrees below zero.
As of March 20 of that year, our reconnaissance and demining team had cleared more than 1,700 mines of various types from the Soviet Army, opening up a safe passage to the eastern part of Zhenbao Island.
After the end of the tension on Zhenbao Island, the Soviet army behaved quite badly in this war and suffered heavy losses.
Due to the uproar inside and outside the Soviet Union, many powerful factions resolutely demanded the imposition of severe sanctions against our country, tried to solve the problem immediately, and even proposed the use of surgical nuclear strikes to carry out extreme acts against some cities in our country.
The United States was the first to report this jaw-dropping news.
Soon after, our country also had insight into the unscrupulous ambitions of the Soviet Union, and the decision-makers rushed to the place where the country was located to report the situation in detail.
After receiving the information, with a faint smile on his face, he calmly told everyone that if it meant nuclear war, then let it come!
The self-confident Soviets were furious, and Yuri Joseph Grechko, chairman and chief of staff of the defense department, was even more adamant about the so-called "permanent removal of the threat" with a "surgical nuclear strike."
At that time, the Soviet Union deployed more than 30 short-range cruise missile bases in the Far East, and at the same time had intercontinental ballistic missiles with excellent ultra-long-range attack capabilities. Both are capable of carrying multi-million ton nuclear warheads and are always on standby for a lethal nuclear strike against our country.
At that time, although China had successfully tested the atomic bomb, its research in the field of nuclear weapons was still in its infancy, and its nuclear reserves were slightly insufficient. In the face of this grim situation, ** showed unprecedented composure.
In an internal meeting, he made it clear: Even if our high-level institutions suffer a devastating blow, the soldiers below will still fight!
However, ** was well aware of the strategy of "strategically despising the enemy and tactically valuing the enemy", and was fully prepared to deal with the nuclear threat of the Soviet Union.
And this preparation is to evacuate key military personnel to safety. According to the in-depth research and analysis of *** and several other founding marshals, they jointly speculated that the main targets of the Soviet Union's surgical nuclear strikes were most likely to be aimed at China's nuclear missile bases, major northern industrial regions, and first-tier cities, including the capital Beijing.
Based on this, it is recommended that the necessary evacuation, concealment and protection measures be taken for the above-mentioned cities, and that corresponding actions be taken immediately.
The pragmatism of the state received a positive response, and on August 28, 1969, after rigorous review and approval, the state issued important instructions on preparing for nuclear war.
The directive calls on the people of the whole country to make good preparations for a war of aggression, actively resist any activities that undermine social stability, and begin to formulate a concrete plan for evacuation and resettlement as soon as possible.
On September 1 of the same year, the large-scale evacuation operation was officially launched, and Beijing began to evacuate as the first evacuation area. It is worth mentioning that that year coincided with the 20th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is customary to hold a grand celebration every whole year.
However, in the face of the severe challenge of the Soviet Union, ** and others were deeply worried about the possibility of the Soviet Union using this event to launch a surprise attack, so they proposed to *** that they should act cautiously and reduce the scale of the National Day celebration.
When he listened to the detailed report, he was not afraid, but encouraged him to strengthen his confidence, saying that the activities were held as scheduled, and he still wanted to climb the Tiananmen Tower.
The root cause of the disagreement between the two men on the decision-making on the nuclear test lies in their prediction of the trend of the international situation. It is believed that if the Soviet Union adopts nuclear means of attack, the possibility of striking our country in particular exists.
This possibility needs to be comprehensively weighed among many complex factors, including not only the country's international status and influence, but also a full understanding that after the Soviet Union launched a nuclear attack on China, it will inevitably be strongly counterattacked by China.
Taking into account the fact that at that time the USSR had not yet fully mastered the capabilities capable of destroying the entire Chinese nuclear forces, we still had a certain number of counterforces. Therefore, from the Soviet point of view, they must carefully weigh the consequences of such a strategy, that is, if a nuclear war is triggered, they will inevitably suffer huge human and military attrition.
In addition, it was observed that the strategic focus of the Soviet Union was mainly to confront the United States, and in the event of a nuclear war with our country, it would undoubtedly bring greater losses to the Soviet Union. Therefore, ** is skeptical of the provocative posture shown by the Soviet Union, despite this.
In view of the severity of the actual situation, ** still expressed to *** the idea of a nuclear ** test - a preemptive strike. He proposed that if the Soviet Union continues to provoke our bottom line of security, then we should take a firm stand and take the lead in carrying out two large-scale nuclear tests to warn them to abide by international rules and maintain world peace and stability.
At the same time, in order to achieve the best effect, it is proposed to choose the time before the anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
After listening to the grand idea of ***, they deeply understood the chairman's far-reaching intentions and sincerely admired his extraordinary leadership style. **Again, I would like to stress that this nuclear test operation should be kept strictly confidential, and the relevant details must not be released to the outside world. At this moment, everyone present applauded warmly, and felt more deeply the thoughtfulness and grandeur of ***.
This move has undoubtedly aroused strong dissatisfaction from the United States and the Soviet Union, and both sides have invested a lot of resources to conduct in-depth research on China's current nuclear forces.
After careful calculations, they found that this was already the first in the history of our country.
The fact that eight or nine nuclear tests were conducted deeply worried the United States and the Soviet Union, because they could not accurately determine how many nuclear weapons were stored in our nuclear arsenal.
The deliberations of ** are far from stopping there. During the National Day Celebration, despite the two atomic bomb incidents, the Chinese official did not make an official statement, and *** calmly inspected the troops during the National Day military parade, and at night it was unexpectedly climbed to the top of the city, sitting side by side with the people, and reveling in the dazzling and colorful fireworks feast.
This tense and mysterious atmosphere left the United States and the Soviet Union in a state of great confusion as they wondered China's true intentions and whether there were any reservations about our powerful nuclear forces, which undoubtedly made it impossible for them to accurately assess China's military strength at the time.
In this situation, they were forced to change their strategy and give up trying China's hole cards.
At that time, some people in the United States and the Soviet Union even began to speculate that the two "nuclear tests" were not in fact simple scientific experiments, but that China took the opportunity to demonstrate to the world its ability to resist war.
After the Zhenbao Island incident, Sino-Soviet bilateral relations have always been in a state of tension and confrontation, and all kinds of exchanges between the two countries, including cooperation and cultural exchanges, have suffered significant impacts. Beginning in the late 80s of the 20th century, in view of the increasingly obvious relative inferiority of the Soviet Union in the confrontation pattern between the United States and the Soviet Union, in order to pursue long-term national interests, China and the Soviet Union gradually sought the possibility of easing tensions.
In the 90s, the Soviet Union finally collapsed, its economic and military power declined significantly, and the domestic society was in turmoil.
In the face of such a crisis, Russia urgently needs to carry out deep reforms to reverse the situation. From a geographical point of view, China and Russia, as Russia's good-neighborly and friendly neighbors, have extremely broad space and potential for cooperation in the fields of commerce and trade, energy, science and technology, and culture.
Since 2004, the 4,300-kilometre-long border between China and Russia has been fully demarcated. According to the relevant agreement, the area of Zhenbao Island will always belong to China.
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