Bamboo silk tobacco sales emperor industry empty, Guan River empty lock ancestral dragon residence.
The ashes of the pit were not cold, and Liu Xiang did not study.
In the impression of later generations, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, did not learn and did not know how to do it in his early years, and his cultural level was low. However, the "Historical Records" and "Book of Han", which record Liu Bang's historical facts, do not say that Liu Bang "is not a literature". Where did the conclusion that Liu Bang's cultural level was low come from?
In the Historical Records, Liu Bang often insulted the readers, and said things like "It is a public residence that is immediately obtained, and the poetry book of Anshi" and so on, perhaps people think that Liu Bang has always been a scoundrel who is not good at reading and has a low grade.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a book of "Ancient Wenyuan", which contained a "Hand-Written Prince's Text", which was said to have been written by Liu Bang, which mentioned that he did not read:
I suffered from troubled times, when Qin banned learning, I was happy, and it was useless to study. Since the practice of Zuo, the time has been written to make people know the author's intentions, and to recall what he has done in the past, but it is not much.
This is obviously a forgery by posterity. Before Liu Bang became an adult, it was still the Warring States Period, how could he "ban learning in Qin"? Therefore, "reading is useless" is not what Liu Bang said, but was imposed on Liu Bang by later generations.
What is Liu Bang's cultural level?
Liu Bang studied in his early years, which is obvious. "Historical Records: The Biography of Han Xin Lu Wanlie" has a clear record:
and Gao Zu and Lu Xuanzhuang, both of whom have learned books.
In Liu Bang's family, not only Liu Bang reads, but Liu Bang's brothers, sons and nephews all learn poetry and books. The same brother Liu Jiao is even more with "Lu Musheng, Bai Sheng, and Shen Gongju are subject to "Poems" in Fuqiubo" and "Hanshu Chu Yuan Wang Biography", Fuqiubo is Xunzi **, is the great Confucian of the world, Liu Jiao "good books, multi-material arts"; Liu Bang's son Liu You wrote a fateful poem "Zhu Lu and Shi Xi Liu Shiwei" before his death; Liu Zhang, the second grandson of Liu Bang, in front of Lu, made a "deep ploughing and dense planting, leaving seedlings sparsely, not the same kind, resolutely shoveling and hoeing." The satirical poem ......The Liu family is known for their poetry and books, why do they think that Liu Bang doesn't read?
The "Historical Records" does not say whether Liu Bang is a "good book", but Liu Bang's cultural level should not be low, which is evidence. "Historical Records: The Family of the Marquis" records as follows:
The good number of ether public art of war says that Pei Gong, Pei Gong is good, and he often uses his strategy. Good for others to speak, but not conscious. Liang said: "Pei Gong is bestowed. β
Zhang Liang is familiar with the art of war of Taigong and strategizes, as the commander of Liu Bang, he can understand the mystery of Zhang Liang's profound art of war, and Liu Bang's subordinates Xiao He, Cao Shen (and possibly Liu Jiao, who often follow him) and others are "unconscious". Zhang Liang, one of the three heroes of the Han Dynasty, said that "Pei Gong is bestowed by heaven", which is indeed not a slap on the horse. In addition to having a high level of understanding, Liu Bang should have a high level of education.
In contrast, Xiang Yu, as a child of the aristocracy, was also good at the art of war as a young man, but he only "knew a little about it, but he refused to learn it." βγLiu Bang has never learned the art of war, but he always understands the mystery of Zhang Liang's art of war, and Liu Bang's cultural level and understanding should not be lower than Xiang Yu.
The most obvious direct evidence of Liu Bang's cultural level is the two poems written by Liu Bang in the last year of his life, "Historical Records: Gaozu Benji", which faithfully records the tragedy and desolation of Emperor Gaozu when he rapped.
6 months before Liu Bang's death, he dragged the old and sick body to crusade against Yingbu, and returned to his hometown of Lipei County, he seemed to realize that this was the last time to return to his hometown, and the feeling of the fox's death made people cry. The "Historical Records" records as follows:
Gaozu returned, too much, stayed. Put the wine in the palace, call the old fathers and sons to indulge in wine, and get one hundred and twenty people in the middle of the hair, and teach the song. Drunk, Gaozu hit the building, and said in his own poem: "The wind is blowing and the clouds are flying, Weijia is returning to his hometown in the sea, and the warriors are guarding the Quartet!" "Ling'er is all and Xizhi. Gao Zu danced, generously sad, and wept a few lines.
The 62-year-old Han Liu Bang not only writes poems, but also "builds" and "dances", just like a Confucian poet.
This poem was named "Song of the Great Wind" by later generations, and has become a masterpiece that has been famous through the ages, with great courage and lofty realm, far from being comparable to Xiang Yu's "Song of the Fall", and a generation of great people praised "This poem is very well written and very courageous." And every time he sings. Master Zhu Xi's admiration for "Song of the Great Wind" is abnormal: "For thousands of years, the words of the master have never been magnificent and magnificent. Woohoo! β
The original temple of Gaozu rebuilt in Pei County.
After Zhengyingbu returned to Chang'an, Liu Bang entered the countdown stage of his life. He thought that the society was in danger, and resolutely decided to abolish the crown prince, and Empress Lu did ask Zhang Liang to make a strange plan and ask for "Shangshan Sihao", Liu Bang was deceived and knew that the situation was irreparable, so:
Mrs. Qi cried and said: "Dance for me Chu, I will sing for Ruo Chu." The song says: "The bird flies high, and it flies thousands of miles in one fell swoop." Yu Xi has been completed, across the four seas. Across the world, when there is nothing to do! Although there is a payment, Shang An has done! "The song is counted, Mrs. Qi sighs and runs, gets up, and stops drinking. "Historical Records: The Family of the Marquis".
Although "Honghu Song" is a Chu song, it is indeed very stylish in the "Book of Songs". I prefer to believe that this is a poem in the style of the Book of Songs.
It is a pity that only these two poems are recorded in the "Historical Records", and he should have more than these two poems before the age of 62.
But these two poems are enough to show that Liu Bang is by no means illiterate in literature. He studied poetry and books in his early years, and he should have been quite successful. But he is not like the second brother Liu Zhong, who takes agricultural production as his life, nor is he like the fourth brother Liu Jiao, who is obsessed with poetry and books, and does not listen to things outside the window. He had great ambitions, followed the example of Xinling Jun and Qin Shi Huang, and was determined to build a heroic career. Therefore, "Liu Xiang didn't read books" is just a historical misunderstanding.