1973 year.
Stanley Cohen, an American scientist and biochemist, implanted the toad gene into the bacterial genome and completed the first transgenic operation in history.
1983 year.
The world's first transgenic plant, virus-resistant tobacco was successfully cultivated in the United States.
A team led by Zhu Zuoyan from the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences introduced a recombinant human growth hormone gene into the fertilized eggs of crucian carp to obtain fast-growing transgenic fish.
1984 year.
Rockefeller would have initiated a program to map the genetic profile of rice.
Founded in 1913, the Rockefeller Society was the first and most important object of its overseas work, and in the first half of the 20th century it helped to establish various disciplines of natural sciences, such as biology, chemistry, physics, geology and archaeology, genetics, agricultural science, and botany.
1985 year.
Rockefeller** would be the first to initiate research into the commercial use of genetically modified plants.
The team led by Zhu Zuoyan of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences officially announced the world's first batch of genetically modified fish breeding success, more than 3 years ahead of the West.
1986 year.
Virus-resistant cotton was successfully developed and entered field trials in the United States.
China began to carry out genetically modified breeding.
1987 year.
Insect resistance genes, herbicide tolerance genes and tomato ripening control genes were successfully transferred to crops.
The first case of insect-resistant transgenic tomato was tested in the United States.
1992 year.
The United States ruled that genetically modified plants are "substantially equivalent" to conventionally bred plants and do not require any special supervision, a principle that is included in WTO rules.
The Netherlands has bred genetically modified cattle implanted with the human erythropoietin gene.
China's State Science and Technology Commission announced the implementation of the "Rice Genome Project" and the establishment of the National Genetic Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai.
The cultivation of genetically modified tobacco in China has made China the first country to commercially grow genetically modified crops.
1993 year.
China's State Science and Technology Commission promulgated the "Measures for the Safety Management of Genetic Engineering" to guide the research and development of genetic engineering across the country.
1994 year.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first case of genetically modified crop, the extended ripening and fresh-keeping genetically modified tomato, to enter the market.
For the first time, the World Organization has allowed multinational corporations to apply for patent protection for plants and other life forms through the Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights Related to **.
1995 year.
The American company Monsanto began production of Roundup (glyphosate herbicide) resistant soybeans.
Canada begins commercial cultivation of genetically modified herbicide-resistant oilseed rape.
1996 year.
Genetically modified crops have been commercialized around the world, and the global planting area of genetically modified crops has reached 1.6 million hectares.
Genetically modified insect-resistant cotton and herbicide-tolerant soybeans are grown on a large scale in the United States.
Argentina allows the U.S. company Monsanto to sell genetically modified soybean seeds in Argentina.
1997 year.
The State Science and Technology Commission of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shanghai Municipal People** jointly held a press conference in Shanghai to announce that Chinese scientists have successfully constructed a complete physical map of the rice genome for the first time in the world.
China approved the commercial cultivation of genetically modified insect-resistant cotton, and introduced planting in Henan Province.
China issued safety certificates for genetically modified shelf-stable tomatoes and insect-resistant cotton.
1998 year.
The International Rice Genome Sequencing Project was launched.
Monsanto of the United States launched herbicide-tolerant corn.
China's first transgenic sheep "bleated" to the ground, creating a new technical route of transgenic sheep based on "integrated embryo transfer", which was listed as "China's Top Ten Scientific and Technological Progress".
The herbicide-resistant indica isotype restorer line G Miyang 46 and its transgenic hybrid rice developed by China Rice Research Institute passed the expert identification.
1999 year.
China's first genetically modified test-tube cow "Taotao" was born in Fengxian, Shanghai, weighing 38 kg at birth.
China issues GMO safety certificates for petunia and disease-resistant peppers.
Scientists at the University of Guelph in Canada have bred genetically modified pigs with 30%-70% lower phosphorus emissions in their feces than ordinary pigs.
Year 2000.
131 countries have signed the Biosafety Protocol on the safety of genetically modified foods and have implemented a labelling system for genetically modified foods.
The first generation of "** rice" came out, using genes from yellow daffodils, in which the carotene content is about 1 per gram of rice6µg/g。(Developed by Syngenta).
Eight departments, including the State Environmental Protection Administration of China, jointly formulated the National Biosecurity Framework for China.
Year 2001.
U.S. Supreme Court: Genetically modified plant varieties can be patented.
The European Union has published the "Food Safety *** requires that genetically modified foods sold in the EU must be labeled with special labels.
China promulgated the Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms.
Year 2002.
China has established a committee on the safety of agricultural genetically modified organisms.
The Ministry of Agriculture of China has promulgated three legal documents: the Administrative Measures for the Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, the Administrative Measures for the Safety of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Imports, and the Administrative Measures for the Labeling of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms.
In 2003.
Bangladesh began planting insect-resistant genetically modified eggplants.
In 2005.
The second generation of "** rice" came out, which was bred using the corresponding genes in corn, and the content of carotene in the second generation of "** rice" was 23 times that of the first generation of "** rice", reaching 37 g g. Subsequently, all of them were transferred to the "International Rice Institute" in the Philippines to be responsible for breeding work. With the support of Gates Melinda Gates, countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia and Bangladesh participated in the evaluation of "**rice". (Syngenta Improvements).
Year 2006.
China issued a safety certificate for genetically modified disease-resistant papaya.
For the first time, the area under GM crops in the world exceeded 100 million hectares.
In 2008.
China's No. 1 document proposed for the first time to launch a major scientific and technological project for the cultivation of new varieties of genetically modified organisms.
China's first batch of genetically modified health pigs were successfully bred in Wuhan.
In 2009.
24 genetically modified crops have been approved for commercial use in 25 countries around the world.
In 2010.
China's No. 1 document clearly states that "we will continue to implement major scientific and technological projects for the cultivation of new varieties of genetically modified organisms, pay close attention to the development of functional genes and new biological varieties with important application value and independent intellectual property rights, and promote the industrialization of new genetically modified varieties on the basis of scientific assessment and management in accordance with the law." ”。
For the first time, China issued safety certificates for genetically modified grain crops, and approved the issuance of safety certificates for the production and application of genetically modified insect-resistant rice "Huahui No. 1", hybrid "BT Shanyou 63", and transgenic phytase gene corn BVLA430101.
The European Commission has approved the cultivation of a genetically modified potato in EU countries.
Scientists have developed "anti-malarial" mosquitoes.
Year 2011.
The National Development and Reform Commission of China, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Health Commission (formerly the Ministry of Health) approved the establishment of the Shenzhen National Gene Bank, the first national comprehensive gene bank in China, relying on the Shenzhen BGI Life Science Research Institute (formerly the Shenzhen BGI Institute).
The European Commission has adopted a proposal to relax restrictions on the import of genetically modified feed.
In 2015.
Globally, 363 transformants of 26 genetically modified crops (excluding carnations, roses and dwarf cattle) have been approved for commercial cultivation or environmental release.
The US FDA approved the marketing of genetically modified salmon, becoming the world's first edible genetically modified fish approved for industrialization.
In 2016.
The global planting area of genetically modified crops has reached 185.1 billion hectares.
The United States approves genetically modified pineapples for consumption.
China's once-stalled commercialization of genetically modified breeding is revisited.
In 2018.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has announced that genetically modified "** rice" is safe to eat.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency approved the listing of genetically modified polar Fuji apples; The Ministry of Health issued an announcement approving ** rice GR2E for use in food.
Australia approved the release of a genetically modified insect-specific virus developed by the University of Queensland as a vaccine.
Brazil grows the world's first genetically modified sugarcane, covering an area of about 400 hectares.
South China Agricultural University in China has researched and developed "shrimp red rice" rich in astaxanthin through transgenic technology. The results were published in Molecular Plants.
The research results of an environmentally friendly and grain-saving transgenic pig from South China Agricultural University were published in the well-known international academic journal "elife", and the research was funded by the national major special fund for the cultivation of new genetically modified organisms.
In 2019.
China's first national agricultural genetically modified science tour was launched in Hubei.
Russia has published the Federal Plan for the Development of Gene Technologies for 2019-2027.
The Philippines approved genetically modified rice (GR2E) for marketing, becoming the first Asian country to approve ** rice for consumption.
In 2020.
China issued biosafety certificates for insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified corn and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified soybeans.
Argentina approved one transgenic wheat with drought-resistant characteristics, BH4, for planting, becoming the world's first transgenic wheat approved for planting.
A team of scientists from Australia and the United States have jointly bred genetically modified mosquitoes resistant to dengue virus.
In 2021.
Nigeria officially launched the genetically modified cowpea variety and announced that it would be commercially grown, becoming the first country in the world to release a genetically modified cowpea variety.
China has approved 187 safety certificates for agricultural genetically modified organisms (production and application).
China has approved 34 safety certificates (imports) for agricultural genetically modified organisms.
China has launched a pilot project for the industrialization of genetically modified corn and soybeans.
Japan has successfully bred the world's first gene-edited marsupial, the opossum.
In 2022.
China's newly revised Measures for the Examination and Approval of Major Agricultural Varieties and the Administrative Measures for the Safety Evaluation of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and other departmental regulations have been promulgated and implemented, and the management measures state that recipient varieties that have been approved (not revoked) and are in suitable planting areas only need one year of production test to obtain biosafety certificates.
In 2023.
The European Union announced the approval of a genetically modified canola and a genetically modified soybean on the market, both of which can be used as food or feed, but must not be grown within the EU.
The Norwegian Food Safety Authority has approved aquaterra, a canola oil derived from genetically modified oilseed rape, for use in fish feed.
China's genetically modified corn and soybean pilot scope has been extended to 20 counties in 5 provinces and autonomous regions of Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Sichuan and Yunnan, and seed production has been arranged in Gansu.
China's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs announced that 37 genetically modified corn varieties and 10 genetically modified soybean varieties have obtained production and operation licenses.
According to the relevant information of the China Research Network, through the analysis of ** China after the use of genetically modified seeds, it is expected to complete 90% of the penetration rate within 5 years, when the market size of corn seeds alone will be more than 60 billion yuan, and the profit margin will exceed 10 billion yuan.
There are 4 stages of the development of genetically modified crops in China:
In 2000, genetically modified cotton began to be applied and produced in China, and soybean and other food crops are still in the experimental research and development stage, and the whole is still in the experimental exploration stage.
In 2009, it began to move towards the stage of comprehensive innovation, focusing on independent research and development, the industrialization of genetically modified staple foods was gradually promoted, and a major special project for the cultivation of new varieties of genetically modified organisms was launched.
In 2013, the safety of genetically modified products was controversial, and the relevant policies on the research and development, approval, production and operation of genetically modified products were very strict and almost did not move forward.
4. From 2014 to the present, in line with the principle of "ensuring safety, independent innovation, bold research, and prudent promotion", China's genetically modified crops have entered a state of orderly development.
Events that have a great impact on the development of GMO in China:
The Hunan ** rice incident, commonly known as the criminal case of genetically modified "children's test door", was tested on 25 school-age children in the Central Primary School of Jiangkou Town, Hengnan County, Hunan Province, and began in 2008.
On September 17, 2013, Tencent organized a seminar titled "Why the Public Doesn't Accept GMOs".
On January 18, 2015, Phoenix.com organized a large-scale GMO debate, with hundreds of people in the audience.
In 2016, 110 Nobel laureates signed an open letter urging Greenpeace to stop its opposition to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and urging countries to boycott Greenpeace's anti-rice campaign. To some extent, this event became a major watershed in the development of GMOs.
The relevant information published by the official ** account of Zhonghong.com shows. According to incomplete statistics, before 2000, the research and development of the first generation of rice cost a total of 1.08 million US dollars, of which 600,000 came from the Rockefeller Association, 240,000 from Switzerland, and 240,000 from Syngenta; In 2005, the first generation of rice received another $11.3 million grant from Bill Melinda Gates; In 2009, the UK funded Syngenta's second-generation rice project of 8 million pounds; In 2011, Bill Melinda Gates funded the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) with US$10.3 million for further research and development, promotion and application of rice. Ford will also participate in the trial and promotion investment in the entire Asian region.
Note: Reference**Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs** and online search.