On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out, opening the prelude to the all-out war of resistance of the Chinese people. The Chinese people defended their country with tenacious will, and the Japanese invaders brought endless disasters and suffering to China, making most of China a colony.
It was not until August 1945 that Japan announced its unconditional surrender, the Second World War was declared over, and the War of Resistance against Japan also came to an end. As a defeated country, Japan needs to make economic reparations to all the victorious countries, and China is one of them, but what everyone didn't expect was that ** did not ask Japan for reparations, why is this?
At noon on September 25, 1972, a plane arrived at Beijing Airport, and as the cabin door opened, ** personally stepped forward to greet it
"You're welcome! ”This is no one else, but Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, seeing the enthusiastic attitude, Kakuei Tanaka seemed to be a little excited, and hurriedly held the hand of *** before he came down the steps.
After half a century, Sino-Japanese relations finally shook hands and "broke the ice" successfully, but after this short smile, the two sides had differences, but there is no doubt that although there are great contradictions between China and Japan, in terms of diplomatic etiquette, China has given Japan enough face, and Tanaka Kakuei came to China to live in a temporary hotel, and the United States ** Nixon also lived here.
Tanaka knows very well that the hatred between China and Japan is not something that can be achieved in a short period of time, but Tanaka's attitude is a little eager, hoping that the two sides will reach an agreement as soon as possible and achieve satisfactory results. But he knew that the crimes that Japan had committed could not be made up for, so he just kept saying it.
I apologize for causing trouble to China, and at the same time I have made a deep introspection. ”Troublesome? **When I heard these four words, my face suddenly became heavy, since the "September 18 Incident", Japan invaded China's territory for more than ten years, wantonly snatched resources on Chinese soil, and brutalized the people, such a heinous crime, historical facts are in front of us, how can we use "causing trouble" to understate the past?
Tanaka saw that ***'s face was wrong, and cold sweat broke out on his forehead, so he quickly explained.
"In Japan, this word means to sincerely apologize and ask for forgiveness, and if it doesn't fit in Chinese, it can be changed according to Chinese customs."After such an explanation, **'s tone became softened, and he said without hurry.
"If normal diplomatic relations between China and Japan are to be realized, the Japanese side must immediately break off the 'Japan-Taiwan' treaty and recognize the one-China position, which is the bottom line and basic principle."There is nothing wrong with this, the Chinese are just taking back their own things in their own way, the treaty that was once signed with Chiang Kai-shek is null and void and must be abolished, and now standing in front of you is New China.
Tanaka knew the purpose of his trip, so he agreed to this condition, and after the two sides agreed on the unity of opinion, they conducted an in-depth "Sino-Japanese Joint Declaration", which involved Japan as a defeated country, the issue of compensation to all the victorious countries, once Chiang Kai-shek made the decision without authorization, and gave up Japan's reparations, but he could not represent the whole of China, and the renunciation must also be agreed by China.
After a heated discussion, at 10 a.m. on 29 September, the two sides announced to the world that Sino-Japanese relations would jointly develop friendly relations between the two countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, and said that China would renounce its claim for compensation to Japan. After the statement was issued, most of the people expressed their incomprehension that China, as the victorious country, should ask Japan for compensation, so why would it give up? It all started in 1945.
1.Germany learned from its previous experience and avoided World War III
Before Japan's defeat in World War II, the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom jointly issued the Potsdam Proclamation, at that time Germany had been divided into East Germany and West Germany, and during World War II, it was at rock bottom, and Japan's surrender became a matter of time.
As we all know, during the First World War, Britain and France demanded very harsh war reparations from Germany, and because of this, Germany suffered so much humiliation that it only wanted to come back to the world war and get back all the humiliations it had suffered, which was the main reason for the outbreak of World War II.
After the torture of the two world wars, even the victorious country, the trauma brought is not small, the most painful from the war is the people at the bottom, everyone does not want to see the emergence of the third world war, so after the end of World War II, the reparations of various countries to Japan are not so strict.
All the victorious countries set such a condition, Japan does not need to use the form of money compensation, industrial equipment products and so on as reparations, that is to say, Japan in its own country to split machinery and equipment, distributed to the victorious country, each country wants to seize this victory, a little more compensation, so in the end according to the proportion, China got 15% of the compensation.
This is obviously a bit uninteresting, you know, how can 15% of the crimes left by Japan in China be? It deserves far more than that, but there are too many countries that Japan has invaded, and as a small country, it can't withstand the big mouth of the lions of other countries, so when it talks about it, it can only get to this point.
Second, during the war, the intervention of the Soviet Union
At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union supported the three northeastern provinces and accelerated the pace of Japan's surrender, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the three eastern provinces can be said to be defeated by the Soviet Union, of course, this is not wishful thinking on the part of the Soviet Union, as the only major power that can compete with the United States, the Soviets will naturally not make a loss-making deal, and the reason why they agreed to send troops is to ask China to go abroad
On the other hand, when the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded China, it first stationed factories in the northeast region, Japan dismantled the factories to compensate other countries, some factories are still in Northeast China, nearly 12 billion US dollars of industrial assets should be subordinate to the Soviet Union, when the Soviet Union withdrew its troops in 1946, it took away almost all the industrial assets left by Japan in the northeast.
3. Waiver of indemnity
Four years after Japan announced its surrender, in 1949, the founding of New China, Chiang Kai-shek's retreat to Taiwan, the international situation has changed dramatically, Japan turned its head to embrace the United States, and became an ally of the United States.
New China has the right to claim compensation, after all, during World War II, Chiang Kai-shek's army was not the only one involved in the war, however, the plan could not catch up with the changes, and in the 70s of the last century, the international situation changed again, Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated, and Sino-US relations were eased, but both sides also held their breath.
Japan and China, as Asian powers, still have to bend their knees under the Soviet Union and the United States, and while Japan is still waiting for the rabbit, Nixon, the newly appointed United States** Nixon, without informing Japan, directly visited China, which made Japan fall into a passive state.
The United States, which is also an Asian power, intends to tear this iron net, establish relations with China, open up a new right to speak, and be friends with China, which obviously has advantages and no disadvantages. So in 1972, Kakuei Tanaka came to China and announced the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, and Sino-Japanese relations finally "broke the ice".
Fourth, there is no benefit in rejecting Japan
China can understand even such a "sworn enemy" as Japan, how tolerant and friendly our country is, if we stubbornly turned Japan out at the beginning, it would undoubtedly be tantamount to pushing Japan into Chiang Kai-shek's arms, and this will not help at all in the future to liberate Taiwan and reunify China, and the establishment of diplomatic relations with Japan is also indirectly severing Taiwan's diplomatic relations, which is the best of both worlds.
Moreover, at the end of 1970, there were only more than 50 countries in the world that had established diplomatic relations with China, and there were few countries that had diplomatic relations, which meant that the legal status of New China was not recognized, and of course it was impossible to carry out international economic activities.
In the end, *** and *** decided not to ask Japan for reparations, after all, my country also suffered in the anti-Japanese war compensation, where does the money come from? Of course, most of it comes from the pockets of ordinary people, and after World War II, Japan is also a country standing in ruins, and although the economy has improved by 1972, it still needs to take money from ordinary people.
In addition, the industrial products to take out the compensation, are some old equipment, can not get advanced things at all, refurbishment and then to others, obviously has no use value, so the first decided to give up the compensation, in exchange for Taiwan's severance of diplomatic relations, and later proved to us that this trick "to retreat into advance", very clever.
After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, China implemented reform and opening up, and Japan provided China with a low-interest loan of nearly $300 billion, perhaps because Japan was grateful to China for not asking for reparations, so the aid to China has been far greater than the amount of reparations stipulated in the original agreement.
However, even if we do not ask Japan for reparations, it does not mean that the Chinese have forgotten their hatred, after all, they also have political goals, and we are not qualified to forgive the soldiers who died heroically in the War of Resistance Against Japan.