Fraud in the jadeite industry has a long history, and it is highly skilled and pervasive. The charm of jadeite gambling stone lies in the unknown of "the gods are difficult to break the inch jade", but also in the stimulation of "a knife is poor and a knife is rich", but if the original stone itself is fake, then the gambling stone will lose its meaning. Let's find out how jadeite rough is faked? And how can we discern it?
One. Fake nozzle
1.Open patch: When you find that your gambling raw materials have no color, poor texture, and cannot be sold at a good price, you may stick a thin layer of jadeite with good color and texture at the opening, which is shoddy. 2.Hollowing out and coloring: One of the methods is to cut not far from the water outlet, then dig a hole from the cut surface to a few millimeters below the water mouth, apply green dye above the hole and under the water mouth, and use tin foil to base it, and then glue the mouth well. 3.Surface coloring: There are many techniques for coloring, observing with a color filter will find that it turns red, which indicates that the color is false, and you can also observe that the green part has no emeraldity, so it is fake, and the fake "python" in the raw material is painted with green plastic, no emeraldity, and it turns red when observed with a color filter.
How to tell? 1.Pay attention to the relationship between the surrounding skin and the nozzle: the skin is a coarse white sand skin, while the nozzle shows a strong color, positive, translucent, and fine quality, which should be abnormal and questionable. In other words, what kind of meat has a certain color and thickness of the skin, which is an experience. 2.Whether there are traces of adhesion: It is necessary to observe not only whether there are traces of adhesion around the nozzle, but also whether there is a boundary between the edge of the nozzle and the skin. It is important to know that the spout that is attached to it often has an abrupt border, while the real spout is a gradual transition. 3.Observe the authenticity of the color of the nozzle: to carefully observe the authenticity of the color at the nozzle, if the color of the nozzle is painted from below, the color is floating, not the color of the crystal, that is, there is no emerald. 4.Cut the water with a knife: You can use a knife to gently carve a moment, if it is painted with color, you can carve it moving.
Two. Fake skin
1.Skylight cap: After cutting, it was found that the inferior jadeite was of poor quality, and the color was poor. The cut jadeite is used as a fake skin, glued on, and then a layer of glue is applied to the surface of the demarcation, and then rolled on top of the jadeite sand of a similar color, and soaked in oil, and then buried in the cellar for 2 or 3 months, and when it is taken out, the traces of this layer of sand skin are not visible. 2.Falsification of illusions: A small number of jade merchants try to make a fake skin when they wipe the water spout, if they can't rub it green and rub it white. For example, the counterfeiter uses the tip part of another poor-quality, low-grade jade material to smash the green white channel, and constantly smashes the fake skin. 3.Counterfeit black sand skin: Mix cement with water, spread it on newspaper, mix it with black-brown iron powder, and then wrap the jadeite to make fake skin, and sprinkle jadeite particles on it while the cement on the outer skin is not dry, just like a layer of sesame seeds on the outside of a sesame cake.
How to tell?
1.Observe the characteristics of the epidermis and the mineral composition of the skin. Unlike natural jadeite skin, fake skin has other non-jadeite components, sometimes a mixture of cement or glue and mud and sand, which gives the fake skin a smooth, sandy surface, and no jadeite mineral crystals, or crystals are disorganized. 2.Observing the surface of the incision of the outer skin, sometimes the false skin covered on the incision plane is faintly visible, and the shape of the incision is unnatural and incoherent, and the traces of the original incision remain. 3.Observe the patches of color on the epidermis. The small patches of color artificially attached lack shades and hue variations, and have no color roots.
In addition, it should also be noted that due to the existence of cracks, black spots, damage and other problems in the rough stone, as well as the seller's deliberate writing, inking, adhesive tape, sticker strips, plastering and other means in the problematic place, in order to cover up the defects, distract the buyer or appraiser's attention, so as to achieve the purpose of selling defective products, in the process of observing the jadeite rough, do not believe the words of merchants and intermediaries to use their own eyes and brains to make correct judgments. Don't rush into the trading of rough stones, it is difficult to identify and **, just look at it and don't say, and stay away.
Naked eye observation method:
Due to the large size of jadeite raw materials, it is not suitable for laboratory analysis and testing, so the empirical observation of the naked eye is simpler and more effective.
1.Immersion observation
Common counterfeit wool will be made into fake skin, fake "window", in the fake skin can see the glue for bonding and the joint surface (seam). These artificially added glues and joint surfaces (seams) have different refractive indices from jadeite, and are easy to observe in water (light rays in water through joint seams, glue and jadeite travel at different speeds, and refraction will occur when passing through different media, making the joint surfaces between different substances easy to observe). In addition, the performance of fake skins made with other sand grains mixed with cement is also different from that of real jadeite skins in water.
2.Tapping & Weighing
A simple hammering test can also assist in identifying real and fake jadeite raw materials. There is a crack in the middle of the counterfeit raw material with a joint seam, and the sound wave transmission is blocked here, and the echo when struck is slightly different from that of the natural material. The purpose of weighing is to find out the density (specific gravity) of the jade. The density of jadeite raw materials is 3Around 33, the deviation of jade from this density value is questionable. Experienced connoisseurs will also weigh the weight of the jade by hand, and sometimes they can distinguish the authenticity of the jade.
3.Knife cutting test
The hardness of the wool with the skin is low due to weathering (not up to 6 on the Mohs scale).5~7.0), but it is still scratched with a steel knife, but a small amount of sand particles on the epidermis are shed. The raw materials used to make fake skins with cement and sand mud can be cut by a knife, and the surface grit is easy to fall off in pieces.
4.Simple instrument observation
With the help of a magnifying glass, the structure of jadeite and the characteristics of jadeite minerals can be observed. The structure and grains of jadeite can sometimes be observed on the skin of natural jadeite raw materials; The mineral grains that make the fake wool are disorganized, or the jadeite grains are not visible.
The luminescence of jadeite raw materials can also be observed with the help of ultraviolet fluorescence and Charles filters. Natural green jadeite does not fluoresce under the UV fluorometer, and jadeite with artificially dyed or epidermal viscose can sometimes be observed to fluoresce. Under Charles's color filter, the jadeite raw materials of dyed and viscose can sometimes be seen to be dark red, but it should be noted that some jadeite raw materials containing grossular garnet will also appear dark red.
5.Laboratory large-scale instrument testing:
In the laboratory, jadeite raw materials can be detected with the help of large-scale instruments, namely infrared spectrometer and Raman spectrometer, and the authenticity of jadeite raw materials can be determined by analyzing the mineral composition of jadeite.