Specific immunology review
OneTeachingPurpose
1) Compare the characteristics of antigens and antibodies.
2) Compare the processes, principles, and relationships between humoral and cellular immunity.
3) Summarize the origin and function of several immune cells.
Second, the teaching process
Introduction of topics(Teachers);
Pre-class testing(Students): Do exercises on the self-test homepage Submit to view your grades
Find loopholes.
Propose goals(Teachers);
**Guided and Inductive Instruction(Student): Use the "Immunity" flash courseware and the "Guide" slides and books in the folder to study, and try to complete the three in this outline.
Teachers and students).Complete the previous thinking questions in the ** form and draw inferences from one another.
Feedback tutorials(Teacher and student): Complete the test exercise together.
After-class exercises(Student).
3. Teaching materials
(1) Self-examination before class
Because the genomes of mice and humans are highly homologous, the physiology, biochemistry and developmental processes are basically the same, and the responses to the environment and drugs are also extremely similar, mice have become an important animal model for humans. Many physiological and pathological experiments on human beings have been conducted with mice, and the following are some of the experiments on immunity.
1. When the experimental mice are burned in a large area, if the care is not improper, it is easy to become infected and cause serious consequences, the reason is ( ) b
a. Weakened ability of specific immunity b. Weakened ability of non-specific immunity.
c. A large loss of body fluids d. Nutrients cannot be replenished in time and affect ** regeneration.
2. Take the ** of mouse C and transplant it to the juvenile mice A and B who have had their thymus removed and not resected respectively, which mouse is more likely to be successfully transplanted? 。The results of this experiment indicate that ( )b plays an important role in the rejection of allogeneic **
A. Hematopoietic stem cells B, T lymphocytes C, B lymphocytes D, phagocytic cells.
3. The reason why the shrapnel left on the injured mouse cannot become an antigen is ( )b
A. No foreign body B. No epitope C. The shrapnel is too small D. The antibody cannot bind to it.
4. The experimental mice were treated as follows, and the resistance to infectious diseases could not be obtained ( )a
A, taking antibodies B, vaccination C, infusion of gamma globulin D, infection with pathogens.
5. Scientists use mouse tumor cells to fuse with a certain cell to obtain hybrid cells, which can produce a large number of monoclonal antibodies after culture, and the fusion with bone marrow cells is ( )a
A. Immunized B lymphocytes B. Unimmunized T lymphocytes
C. Immunized T lymphocytes D. Unimmunized B lymphocytes.
6. In both humoral immunity and cellular immunity in experimental mice, memory cells are produced, and memory cells are produced in (b).
A. Induction stage, which is derived from the proliferation and differentiation of B cells and T cells.
B. Reaction stage, which is derived from the proliferation and differentiation of B cells and T cells.
C. Effect stage, which is derived from the proliferation and differentiation of B cells and T cells.
D. Reaction stage, which is derived from the proliferation and differentiation of effector B cells and effector T cells.
7. There is a young rat with congenital no thymus, and the immune status of this mouse is ( ) d
a. Have all cellular immunity b. Lose all immunity.
c. Have full humoral immunity d. Retain part of the humoral immunity.
8. After injecting a certain dose of sheep red blood cells into the mouse for the second time, the antibody content in the mouse increases rapidly and significantly, because the initial reaction makes the body produce a certain amount of ( )c
A, effector B cells B, effector T cells C, memory cells D, sheep erythrocytes.
(2) **Introduction
1. Distinguish between antigens and antibodies: What properties should antigens have? Antibodies are distributed in **? What is the chemical nature of antibodies? What cellular structures does it have to go through to synthesize, process, and secrete in the cell? Does the body's immune system react with its own components? Why?
2. Observe the humoral immunity process of the courseware: Please summarize the ways by which two B cells obtain antigenic determinant information in the induction stage; What organelles are quite different from effector B cells in the response stage? What role do phagocytes play in humoral immunity?
3. Observe the cellular immunity process of the courseware: What does the yellow "y" represent in the induction stage? What immunity does it belong to? How are antigens in the effector phase ultimately destroyed? What does the above facts indicate?
(3) Inductive guidance
Schedule 1 – Antigens and Antibodies.
Schedule 2 – Differences and Relationships between Humoral Immunity and Cellular Immunity.
Appendix 3 – Comparison of several types of immune cells.
Schedule 4 – Processes of humoral and cellular immunity.
(iv).After-class exercises
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, abbreviated as SARS in China) has occurred in 32 countries and regions around the world. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, as of August 7, 2003, there were 8,422 cases of SARS in the world, and 919 people died due to SARS, with a case fatality rate of nearly 11%. At the beginning of the war against SARS, modern science and technology showed great power, the epidemic occurred in November 2002, and in March 2003, Hong Kong, China, identified the coronavirus as a virus"The culprit"In April, Canada completed the sequencing of the coronavirus RNA, determining that the total number of bases is A, where the number of G is B. At present, China has completed the preclinical research of SARS virus inactivated vaccine. Scientists have confirmed that the vaccine can produce neutralizing antibodies in animals to defend against the SARS virus. The figure below shows some kind of lymphocyte with antibodies. Please answer:
1) This is the cell, which is derived from differentiation, and the reason for differentiation is either or or
2) The chemical nature of an antibody is that it destroys
3) The sequence of cellular structures through which the antibody is synthesized and secreted out of the cell is (with labels). The secretion process of antibodies indicates that the various biomembranes of the cell have structurally and transform in the form of .
4) The energy provided by [ ] is consumed when secreting antibodies.
5) Description of antibody secretion:
6) If the clinical trial of the SARS vaccine is successful, people can obtain immunity through vaccination. After a period of vaccination, if you are reinfected with the SARS virus, you will not get sick. Compared with the initial vaccination, the salient features of the immune response in the event of reinfection are:
7) What are the nitrogenous bases that make up the genetic material of the influenza virus? (Write the name and abbreviation respectively).
8) Can you deduce the proportional relationship of these base bonds according to the question conditions? Why?
9) According to the analysis of the central rule, the transmission process of the genetic information of the virus may be different from that of the human body
10) After the successful clinical study of the SARS virus inactivated vaccine, if we are vaccinated with the SARS virus inactivated vaccine, can we guarantee that we will not suffer from "atypical pneumonia" in the future, and why?
Cf. ***1) effector B cells and memory cells
T cells present antigens to B cells, or antigens directly stimulate B cells, or antigens stimulate memory cells.
2) globulin antigens (3) must be linked to vesicles.
4) Mitochondria.
5) Various membranes not only have a certain relationship in structure, but also have both division of labor and close connection in function.
6) Memory cells will proliferate and differentiate rapidly, forming a large number of corresponding effector B or effector T cells, resulting in stronger specific immune responses.
7) Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A), Uracil (U).
8) No, because RNA is single-stranded, there is no pairing relationship between bases within the molecule.
9) Replication of RNA and transcription of RNA.
10) Not necessarily. Because the virus that causes SARS is highly variable, the antibodies of the virus currently developed may not be effective against the newly mutated virus in the future. In addition, it has not been determined how long SARS antibodies can last in the human body, and antibodies may not be present for life.