"The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea is an earth-shattering battle for the founding of the country! ”Xiao Yusheng, former deputy director of the World Military Research Department of the Academy of Military Sciences, once commented on the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. And the fact is indeed as he said, the Volunteer Army has created many miracles in the impossible, and even defeated the US Army, which is known as the world's largest military strength.
Some of these battles are still fresh in my mind, just like the ones in the fourth battle"Han River Blockade".
Commander Zeng Zesheng commanded the 50th Army to fight jointly with the 38th Army with a force of less than 40,000 troops, facing more than 200,000 joint ** on the Han River, blocking the enemy for 50 days.
As everyone knows, the predecessor of the 50th Army was actually the Kuomintang's Dian Army"60 bears"., the civil war was almost never won.
Well, this one can be called"Wonderful".Why did the troops achieve such a record, and what kind of glorious history did the 50th Army have?
Speaking of the 50th Army, we have to mention its predecessor, that is, the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army, also known as the 60th Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
As the name suggests, the Dian army is a force that only obeys the orders of local warlords, that is, a ragtag army.
But it is such an inconspicuous army, but it has a rare characteristic of the national army, that is, it is not afraid of sacrifice, dares to fight vicious and hard wars, and has left a strong mark in China's modern history.
The history of the 60th Army can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty, and after the defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, the reformers of the Qing Dynasty realized that the West alone was not enough to train a strong army.
If we want to maintain our dominant position, we must reform the army in all aspects, which was also mentioned by the representative of the Westerners"Western France is better than China and France."
In this way, the training of the new army began in various parts of the country, and the new army was not created until 1905 in Yunnan due to some factors.
Although the army was formed at the latest, it still did not affect the strong combat effectiveness of the Yunnan army.
In 1911, the success of the Wuchang Uprising can be said to have given a shot in the arm to the revolutionaries across the country, and Cai Yi, the general of the Yunnan Army, also shouldered the burden of revolution at this time.
Not only led the army to overthrow the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan, but also actively responded to the call of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, and the Dian army also stepped onto the stage of history.
However, the good times did not last long, and Yuan Shikai, who stole the fruits of the victory of the Xinhai Revolution, chose to restore the imperial system in 1915 in order to pursue his own selfish interests and ignore the opposition of the people of the whole country.
After General Cai Ye heard the news, he immediately united a large number of generals to form a protector, and at the same time issued a document to denounce Yuan Shikai's behavior.
In 1916, the war against Yuan to protect the country officially began.
At that time, there was a big gap in the strength of the two sides, and the strength of the three armies was only more than 60,000 people, while the number of troops under Yuan Shikai's jurisdiction was more than 200,000.
At the beginning of the war, Yuan Shikai relied on his absolute superiority in troops, so that the attack of the protector was frequently blocked, and he could only be forced to retreat to Naxi and other places for temporary rest.
Until the end of February, General Cai Ye decisively seized the flaws exposed by Yuan Shikai's army, broke the enemy army in Luzhou, Sichuan and other places, and made a good start to the Yuan War.
Subsequently, Lu Rongting responded in Guangxi, which completely disrupted the deployment of Yuan Shikai's army.
The Dian army took advantage of the situation to attack and eliminated the Longjin Guangbu entrenched in Funing and other places, and Yuan Shikai's army suffered heavy losses and was forced to cancel the imperial system.
However, following General Cai Yi, the Dian army dominated by Tang Jiyao gradually forgot its original intention, and gradually fell into the warlord melee, doing everything possible to grab territory and strengthen its own strength.
However, when the mountains and rivers were broken, the Yunnan army also unanimously embarked on the journey of resisting Japan and saving the country.
Among them, Long Yun said something like this:
"We should do all the manpower and material resources of a place, contribute to the country, sacrifice everything, and fight to the end, so that it can save the peril! ”And Long Yun also said that Yunnan can send 200,000 sons to participate in the War of Resistance against Japan, and its first-class equipment will be borne by the Yunnan army.
At that time, the combat effectiveness of the 60th Army was very strong, and in terms of equipment alone, a company was equipped with at least 6 light machine guns, and all of them were imported from foreign countries.
Most of the soldiers also have actual combat experience, and the grassroots officers have all studied in the Yunnan Lecture Hall.
Xie Shushu, a professor at Yunnan University for Nationalities, commented on the 60th Army:
"The 60th Army is a special army, with as many as 40,000 people, and ordinary armies do not have so many people, most of them are more than 10,000 or 20,000. ”It can be seen that the Yunnan army is determined to resist Japan.
In the next Battle of Taierzhuang, all the officers and soldiers of the 60th Army fought to the death against the Japanese invaders, and even if they were heavy, none of them chose to retreat.
In September 1937, the 60th Army received an order to fight against Japan.
Although all the officers and men of the army marched day and night for more than 40 days and rushed to Changde to stand by, by this time the fighter plane had passed away, and the Kuomintang defenders in Shanghai had been routed by the Japanese invaders.
Considering the next battle plan, the 60th Army received another order to defend Nanjing.
However, the Japanese attack exceeded Chiang Kai-shek's expectations, and before the 60th Army rushed to Nanjing, the Japanese army had already occupied the two major cities of Nanjing and Hangzhou, and the army commander Lu Han was forced to lead the 60th Army to temporarily garrison Wuchang.
Due to the defeat of several large-scale battles at the front, it brought a lot of gloom to the people in the rear, and many people were affected by it and were even pessimistic about the victory of the war for a time.
When the 60th Army marched to the area around the mouth of the Han River, Lu Han saw such a scene, and almost everyone in the rear of the common people had a sad face, and it seemed that there was no dawn of victory in their eyes.
Seeing this, Lu Han ordered the army to be sorted out, and specially let the 60th Army march in the prosperous part of the city.
His purpose in doing this is self-evidentThe first is to tell foreign embassies that there are still many strong units in China that have not gone to the front line;
The second is to show the demeanor of the Chinese people to the common people and enhance their confidence in the War of Resistance
And this small gesture also played a very good effect, the common people saw such a strong team, all welcomed them, and even many people donated their family rations.
In 1938, the Japanese army once again gathered strong forces in an attempt to conquer Xuzhou, a strategic point in the Central Plains, and the Battle of Taierzhuang began.
In order to achieve the purpose of the operation, the Japanese invaders specially dispatched two master groups of Itagaki and Alum Valley this time.
Although our party assisted the Kuomintang army in the first stage of victory in this battle, inflicting heavy losses on the Alum Valley Division and destroying more than 10,000 enemies, the overall battle situation still does not allow for optimism.
The defeated Alum Valley Division reorganized a little, replenished its forces again, and cooperated with the Itagaki Division supplemented by aircraft and artillery to launch a counterattack again.
An unprecedented Armageddon began.
At that time, the 60th Army was urgently rushing to Henan, which could effectively respond to the military operations in the Fifth Theater and prevent the Japanese army from moving south.
However, at this time, Li Zongren was calling Chiang Kai-shek for help, and he asked that the 60th Army be placed under the command of the Fifth Theater of Operations.
Faced with this sudden situation, Adjutant Huang Litian later recalled the situation that day.
On the march to Zhengzhou, a Kuomintang major officer stopped Lu Han's car and asked:
"Which of you is Commander Luhan? ”Luján got out of the car and asked"What? ”The major gave a military salute and said respectfully
"Commander Lu, I have been instructed to convey to you that your unit has now been placed under the command of the Fifth War Zone, and you must arrive at the front line in Taierzhuang before the 22nd. ”Not long after, the communications officer of the military headquarters sent a transfer order, demanding that the 60th Army obey Li Zongren's command.
Seeing this, Lu Han immediately made relevant arrangements based on the available information.
It was in this situation that the 60th Army was transferred to the front line in Taierzhuang by Chiang Kai-shek, which can be seen to be in a hurry.
The first unit to fight the Japanese army was the Yin Guohua Battalion of the Yang Hongguang Brigade of the 183rd Division under the 60th Army stationed in Chen Wafang.
After they had eliminated small Japanese forces in the area, they encountered a large force of the enemy, supplemented by a large battalion of troops.
Seven or eight tanks began to attack Yin Guohua's battalion.
The battle was very fierce, and the two sides had just entered a white-knuckle battle shortly after the battle, and Yin Guohua's battalion paid a huge price and repelled the enemy several times.
At this time, the Japanese invaders changed their battle plan, sent artillery to obstruct the 60th Army's support troops, and divided their troops to attack Xiaozhuang all the way through the rear of Chen Wafang.
Fortunately, the head of Pan Shuoduan led his troops to reinforce in time, which temporarily repelled the Japanese invaders.
However, as the Japanese invaders launched more and more fierce attacks, the 60th Army also paid a great price, and the regiment commander Pan Shuoduan was seriously wounded.
And more than 500 people in Yin Guohua's camp who were stationed in Chen Wafang also died heroically.
Subsequently, the 60th Army successively fought to the death with the Japanese army in Xingjialou, Wuquantang and other places, and tens of thousands of people on both sides fought back and forth in an area of less than 40 square kilometers.
In the end, the 60th Army held its position for 27 days with the courage of not fearing death, and defeated the Japanese after paying the price of more than 20,000 people, showing the world the demeanor of the Chinese people.
Later, the 60th Army fought against the Japanese invaders in various parts of the country and made great achievements.
In 1946, the Liberation War began, and this unit, which had shined in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in the past, was unsurprisingly targeted by Chiang Kai-shek.
Since the 60th Army was not his descendant unit, Chiang Kai-shek not only regarded it as cannon fodder for the northeast with our army, but also divided it.
It was only at this time that the 60th Army saw clearly the true purpose of Chiang Kai-shek's single-minded suppression of dissidents.
The 60th Army did not want to fight a civil war, and coupled with Chiang Kai-shek's division and treatment, it was even more reluctant to follow his orders.
Whenever the 60th Army encountered the PLA, it only symbolically resisted, and this was the end of it"60 bears".The appellation.
This situation also reached the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, and they found the right time to send someone to send a letter to Pan Shuoduan, the commander of the 184th Division, and the content of the letter was to persuade him to surrender.
The collective surrender of more than 2,000 people of the 184th Division caused an uproar within the Kuomintang army.
In order to ensure that such a situation did not occur again, Chiang Kai-shek immediately ended the division and reappointed Zeng Zesheng, the general of the Yunnan Army, as the new commander of the 60th Army.
But at this time, the 60th Army had gradually turned to our party.
In 1948, Zeng Zesheng led the 60th Army to choose an uprising, which was later reorganized into the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
The uprising led by the 60th Army greatly weakened the defensive strength of the Kuomintang army, and the People's Liberation Army of Northeast China took the opportunity to launch an attack on the enemy, and finally successfully liberated the city of Changchun.
In 1950, when the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea broke out, Zeng Zesheng, on behalf of all the officers and soldiers of the 50th Army, asked the ** Military Commission to fight at the first time.
However, the Military Commission did not immediately agree.
Because after the uprising of the 50th Army, it was helping the common people to resume production for a long time, and it took time to reorganize their combat effectiveness.
Moreover, on the way to liberate the southwest with Liu Deng's army, the 50th Army's equipment was almost not updated, and tens of thousands of people in the whole army were only equipped with less than 100 cannons, and the ability of cadres was uneven.
However, the strong will of the 50th Army to apply for fighting in Korea still moved ***
The 50 Army, under the command of Marshal ***, not only took part in the first.
The first, second, third, and fourth campaigns, and at the same time created five of the Volunteer Army"First"., respectively:
It was the first unit to annihilate the British Royal Tank Battalion with an entire battalion;
It was the first unit to attack Seoul;
It was the first unit to pursue the U.S. troops to Osan south of Suwon;
It was the first unit to withstand the powerful offensive of the American army south of the Han River;
It was the first unit to cooperate with the ground and air to recover many islands in the West Korean Gulf in one fell swoop during the second invasion of Korea.
Among them, in the Han River Blocking Battle, Commander Zeng Zesheng commanded the 50th Army to fight with the 38th Army with a strength of less than 40,000 troops, facing more than 200,000 joint ** on the Han River, blocking the enemy for 50 days.
**The marshal once said this to Zeng Zesheng:
"The 50th Army is fighting well! ”In April 1951, the 50th Army returned to China to recuperate, and Zeng Zesheng was also fortunate to be cordially received by ***.
For the 50th Army's outstanding exploits in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, **Encourage them:
"You've fought pretty well in Korea. ”Later, after the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea ended, the 60 th Army undertook the sacred mission of doing a good job in domestic economic construction and continued to contribute to the development of New China.