In the midsummer of July 1971, Dr. Henry Kissinger shouldered the mission entrusted by Nixon, then the United States, and made a detour to Pakistan to prepare to secretly visit Nixon's visit to China for Huawei. In Pakistan, Kissinger, who had a decent appetite, "contracted dysentery" and "went up the mountain to recuperate" with the cooperation of Yahya Khan, but in fact boarded a Pakistani plane bound for China in the dark ......of night
Under the foreshadowing of Kissinger's secret visit, Nixon's visit to China, which took place the following year, was even more profound and far-reaching: to pry on the changes in the triangular pattern of China, the United States and the Soviet Union, and to start the process of normalizing Sino-US relations, which can be called "a week that changed the world"!
After Nixon took office in 1969, he deliberately wanted to improve relations between the United States and ChinaThe real purpose was to use China to counterbalance the Soviet UnionBut at this time, China and the United States have been separated for more than 20 years, what should be done?
The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Vietnam, the Taiwan issue, and the wolf ambitions of the United States have not formally established diplomatic relations with the United States since the founding of New China.
Even in May 1970, 500,000 soldiers and civilians in Tiananmen Square held a rally in support of the struggle of the people of the world against US imperialism and denounced the crimes of the United States in expanding its war of aggression.
Until the "cold war" between the United States and the former Soviet Union, at the end of the 60s of the last century,Nixon saw that the former Soviet Union and China were already engaged in border negotiations, and he wanted to ease the relationship between the United States and China before the easing of relations between China and the Soviet Union!
In June 1970, as a gesture of good faith, the United States withdrew its troops from Cambodia.
In October of the same year,Nixon stated in Time magazine: "There is one thing I want to do before I die, and that is to go to China, and if I can't go, I will let my children go."
In"Memoirs of Nixon"., he wrote:In the year 1969, the Chinese ignored the important signals we sent several times at a low level. It was only in 1970 that we began to seriously seek ways to start a dialogue and see what could be achieved.
Said: I welcome Nixon to power, he has long been writing everywhere to send representatives. You tell him I'm willing to talk to him. It's okay to negotiate, it's okay to negotiate, it's okay to quarrel, it's okay not to quarrel, it's okay to come as a traveler, it's okay to come as a **. If he is willing to come, I am willing to talk to him.
** An olive branch was extended to Nixon, but if China and the United States want to improve relations, they need to reach a consensus on certain key issues. Reaching a consensus requires face-to-face communication between the heads of state of the two countries before a decision can be made, but China and the United States have not established diplomatic relations, and holding summit-level talks is not in accordance with international practice.
From July 9 to July 11, 1971, with the assistance of Yahya**, a Pakistani jet carrying Kissinger, then the assistant to Nixon *** of the United States, came to Beijing and had a 17-hour meeting with himThe two sides agreed to issue an announcement that shook the world at the same scheduled time.
This announcement, which is only more than 100 words, was reached after 17 hours of word-by-word arguments and consultations between Kissinger and ***.
Before the official decision to visit China, Nixon sent his assistant Kissinger to China secretly to negotiate with China on the visit.
**After hearing this, the eight-character principle of hospitality was instructed:"Neither lukewarm, neither humble nor arrogant",It can not only make the world find no reason to say that China's hospitality is neglectful, but also safeguard the dignity of the Chinese nation!
The first condition
The Americans said that the United States has no precedent for visiting a country that does not have diplomatic relations, and it is okay for me to go, you have to write an invitation to invite me to go.
It stands to reason that we have to give face to this requirement, right? After asking for instructions, the chairman said, "We didn't invite him!" I think I have to be realistic, since he is embarrassed, he can not come! ”
To this end, Kissinger and *** engaged in negotiations for 17 hours!
The second condition
Kissinger said that when the United States visits countries around the world, it has to take the "Air Force No. 1" plane, an exclusive landplane, and it has to take a bulletproof car, otherwise it is not safe. The chairman said that security issues are not something that the United States should consider during a visit to China. If you're afraid of death, you can't come! The chairman speaks very simply and clearly, and does not talk nonsense with you.
The third condition
Kissinger said that when the United States visits various countries, it must be broadcast live on television, so that the American people can see it, and can China broadcast it live?
At that time, China couldn't broadcast live! Because we didn't have the equipment to stream at the time.
Nixon knew that China did not have live television equipment at that time, but he deliberately made this request in order to despise China. And then saidWouldn't it be a few million dollars if we gave you a set!
This is completely to show that the US economy is good and looks like a rich man.
The chairman said that we are such a big country, we can afford it, and we don't need them to send it! Let's buy it ourselves and find out what is sold.
At that time, only the United States and Japan in the world could produce such live TV equipment.
**After knowing it, without any consideration, go to the United States to buy it.
The personnel in charge of purchasing equipment set off for the United States with the capital tickets, and the capitalists in the United States saw that they didn't want to give you away, but they actually wanted to buy it, and the price directly increased, but doubled.
As a result, the money I brought was not enough to buy a set of equipment, so I quickly contacted the country to ask for instructions on how to deal with it, hoping to mediate through diplomatic channels!
**After knowing it, I directly instructed that a country as big as ours is not bad for money, and we don't bargain with them, they will give as much as they want!
Later, the payment, delivery, equipment arrived in China, installation and commissioning were completed, and Brigadier Haig, the leader of the advance team of the United States to visit China (later served as secretary of state), was very satisfied after seeing the preparations of the Chinese side. The Chinese receptionist said, "Our equipment was specially purchased for your visit to China, and you have to pay rent according to international practice."
Brigadier General Haig said magnificently, no problem, how much rent is needed?
In order to settle accounts, you can pay as much rent as we buy!
If you want to slaughter the Chinese, there are no doors!
Who said that *** does not understand the economy, fished a set of equipment from the United States for nothing, and also maintained the dignity of the nation!
February 21, 1972Nixon arrived in Beijing after "a lot of hardships"., began a historic ice-breaking journey. **The Prime Minister and other Chinese leaders were welcomed at the airport.
Nixon walked down the gangway and took the initiative to shake hands warmly with ***. **Say:"Your hand has reached out to shake my hand with the world's widest ocean—I haven't been in 25 years
On February 28, the China-US Shanghai Joint Communiqué was issued, announcing the normalization of relations between China and the United States. Since then, the relations between the People's Republic of China and the United States of America have entered a new historical period.
And I heard that Nixon** practiced using chopsticks for three months in order to better taste Chinese food.
That afternoon, when Nixon returned to the hotel after lunch and was about to take a shower and take a nap, Kissinger told him that he had asked to meet him.
And Nixon, who received the news, was also extremely excited.
You must know that at that time, the number of foreign guests received was set at 20 people every year, and other reception places needed to be planned and applied for in advance.
Afterwards, Nixon wrote in the record book of his visit to China: . .There is no majesty of the Kremlint here, no splendor of the Elysée. But the books in the study were piled up from floor to ceiling, as if they were going to crush me! This is the condensation of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization!
Regarding Nixon's question of jointly confronting the former Soviet Union, the chairman smiled and said that you can talk to *** about such a trivial matter, and I will only talk to you about philosophical issues.
Nixon wrote in his memoirs: I listened to *** talk to me about philosophy for an hour and fifteen minutes, and I couldn't figure it out! But,His wisdom and demeanor have impressed me!
Standing in front of him, I was like a schoolboy who had made a mistake, and I did not dare to say a word of falsehood in front of a stern gentleman, because his wise eyes seemed to see through my heart.
Before leaving at the end of the conversation, Nixon shook hands with *** and said goodbye, Nixon held the chairman's right hand with his right hand, and held the chairman's right elbow with his left hand and said"Dear ***, I hope you take care of your health and hope to see you again! ”
After negotiations between the two sides, the draft of the "Shanghai Communique" signed by China and the United States was initialed on the evening of 25 July.
On the 26th, ** accompanied the Nixons to Hangzhou for a day.
That night, on Nixon's instructions, Kissinger approached Qiao Guanhua and asked for a revision of the Shanghai Communique, and the United States proposed that there were more than 100 places that needed to be changed.
Qiao Guanhua's face was full of anger, but he still had to ask the prime minister.
At 1:05 a.m. on the 27th, the chairman rang out, and after learning of the request made by the United States, the chairman said: "Since Nixon was the first American to have the courage to visit China, we can take proper care of him!" ButOn the Taiwan issue, not a single word is allowed to be amended！Nixon needed this Shanghai Communiqué more than we do! ”
Later, after negotiations, China and the United States symbolically changed three places, signed on the morning of the 27th, and Nixon returned to the United States by plane in the afternoon!
In the content of the Sino-US Shanghai communique, the Taiwan issue was previously defined."On both sides of the Taiwan Strait, all Chinese believe that there is only one China. ", amended to read".The people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait believe that there is only one China and that Taiwan is a part of ChinaThat is: recognized all over the worldThere is only one China! Taiwan is an inalienable part of China!
In"Memoirs of Nixon"., he wrote: "I suddenly felt that when I was talking about philosophy with ***, what I didn't understand at the beginning was precisely the first few sentences of each paragraph of the Shanghai Communiqué! ”
I suddenly realized that *** Although he is old and seriously ill, howeverHe still holds the world firmly in his grip
The penetrating power of a great man leader is beyond our imagination! His foresight is beyond our imagination!