Article 1983Brain Science**
January 29, 2023day
Science Times
Neuron: New technology allows researchers to track the "off switch" of brain cells
*: Biocom.
Scientists have studied complex patterns of activity in the brains of humans and animals by looking at the activation time of different brain cell populations. However, it is equally important to understand the brain and related diseases, knowing how long these neurons remain active and when they shut down again.
Now, scientists have developed a new technique that allows them to track when brain cells shut down after an activity burst — a process known as inhibition. It offers a new way to study not only the normal functioning of the brain, but also how the brain's "off switch" can behave in normal ways, as well as in disorders and disorders, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and Alzheimer's disease.
NAT Neurosci: Spectral energy patterns at different levels of the cerebral cortex are universal
*: Deer Ming Cogn
The cerebral cortex of primates is organized by six layers, and previous studies have found that neural oscillations of different frequencies generally occur at different levels. To this end, this study combined experimental data from layered electrodes from multiple laboratories to explore whether this layered feature of spectral energy is ubiquitous throughout the cerebral cortex. By calculating the relative LFP energies of each frequency in the fixation phase and sensory stimulation phase of each task, it was found that there was a common phenomenon in all brain regions: high-frequency gamma energy was higher at the surface electrode, and low-frequency alpha-beta energy was higher at the deep electrode.
adv sci：Huang Changsheng, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityStudies have revealed that NFAT5 regulates astrocytesThe role of swelling in neuropathic pain
*: BioMed Technologies.
Neuropathic pain is a common type of chronic pain caused by damage or lesions of the somatosensory system, including peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and brain. As one of the important cellular components of the central nervous system, astrocytes play an important role in the normal development of neurons, the formation of synapses and the normal propagation of action potentials. After peripheral nerve injury, the dorsal horn astrocytes of the spinal cord undergo significant molecular, morphological and functional changes, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.
The study found that peripheral nerve injury can lead to swelling of astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which may be one of the important pathological mechanisms of neuropathic pain. The transcription factor NFAT5 is a key factor in the regulation of astrocyte swelling. Peripheral nerve injury can cause increased expression of NFAT5 in astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, while specific knockdown or drug suppression of NFAT5 can relieve astrocyte swelling and improve neuropathic pain symptoms.
Cancer cell: CD276, a new target for brain metastases
*: Biological world.
Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors, mainly in lung, breast and melanoma. Despite molecularly targeted**, immune**, stereotactic radiotherapy, or conventional surgery**, median survival is only 5 to 10 months. This underscores the need for a deep understanding of BRM biology to develop more efficient methods. The vascular system is a key component of the tumor microenvironment of BRM and plays a key role in regulating metastatic spread and progression of tumors.
The analysis of the study revealed significant differences between gene expression patterns in endothelial cells and parietal cells in brain metastases (BRMs) and the same cells from non-cancerous brain tissue. In addition to identifying CD276 as a potential target for brain metastases, this study also provides important insights into the complex interactions between the vascular system, immune cells, and cancer cells, which has important translational implications for the development of ** interventions for brain metastases.
EHJ: Zhu Yimin and Zhou Dan, Zhejiang University, reveal the impact of frailty changes on the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
*：inature
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a decline in many physiological reserve functions and a decrease in anti-stress ability. Previous studies have found that frailty is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The study used three prospective cohorts: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the UK Ageing Longitudinal Study (ELSA), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Studies have shown that different changes in the frailty state are associated with different risks of developing cardiovascular disease. Progression of the debilitating state increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, while recovery from the debilitating state decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Further real-world studies and clinical trials are needed in the future to explore the best interventions to reverse frailty and to evaluate their efficacy and safety in cardiovascular clinical practice.
6，psy:Prospects for the application of brain signal-based image reconstruction in psychiatry
*: Psychiatric imaging.
In an era of rapid advances in neuroscience and computing, the ability to "visualize" what's going on in the form of images is no longer confined to science fiction. This disruptive brain signal-based image reconstruction (IRBS) technology, with the help of deep learning technology and the wave of neuroimaging big data, provides an unprecedented new perspective for neurocognitive research and even psychiatry. In this review, Dr. Zitong Lu from The Ohio State University provides a brief overview of the development of IRBS technology and provides a fresh perspective on its potential applications, current limitations, and future directions in psychiatry.
Current Biology: Gibbons adjust tempo to facilitate chorus
*: CellPress Cell Science.
Recently, the first report of the first report on three wild monogamous crested gibbon adult males by improving and adjusting the rhythm of the isochronism, speed and rhythm pattern to better promote the adult female to cooperate with the male to form a chorus. Through intraspecific and interspecific comparisons, this study revealed for the first time that rhythm and its changes have the function of promoting chorus, promoted human understanding of the function and evolution of rhythm and its changes, and put forward a number of ideas for future research, contributing important data and theoretical foundations for further understanding the origin and evolution of rhythm.
How to build a workplace that is conducive to mental health?
*: Lei Li and the students.
According to a 2019 report by the World Health Organization, mental health problems have become one of the leading causes of disability in the working population. Research shows that the social costs of mental health problems are also enormous. Researchers combed through research in related areas and noted that workplaces with mental health should reduce stressors and provide resources for employees to promote their health and well-being.
Reviewer: Simon