In 564 BC, the Duke of Jin led a coalition of princes to attack Zheng.
Seeing this situation, Zheng Guo was frightened and hurriedly sent an envoy to sue for peace. The alliance under the city undoubtedly offered generous peace conditions from the defending party, Zheng Guoguo.
However, Jin Guo did not come for this little benefit given by Zheng Guo. In this battle, Jin Guo wanted to play a big game of chess: by attacking Zheng Guo, his eldest brother Chu Guo was involved. Defeat the state of Chu, and then occupy the position of the overlord of the Central Plains once and for all.
During this period, Xun Poppy came up with a clever planWith the help of small incisions and low-intensity wars, the superpower Chu State was finally defeated, and the century-old hegemony of Jin and Chu was ended once and for all.
Here's the trick"Three driving fatigue"., which was proposed at that time and even in later wars, has played a unique role.
Jin Chu competes for hegemony. The Battle of Yanling in 575 BC was the last duel in which the main forces were concentrated in the Jin and Chu hegemony struggles. The battle ended with the king of Chu Gong being shot blind in one eye and the Chu army returning defeated.
Soon after the end of the war, the newly enthroned Duke of Jin began to fall into deep thought. How can we solve the dispute between Jin and Chu once and for all, so that the Chu State has no possibility of turning around?
The two countries compete for hegemony, and Zheng Guo is the focus. Whoever controls Zheng Guo will occupy the strategic initiative.
This attack on Zheng is a temptation. Jin mourning believed that the state of Chu would never sit idly by.
Because Zheng Guo is located in the throat of the Central Plains, the battle for the hegemony of the Central Plains in Jin and Chu will inevitably revolve around Zheng Guo. Whoever controls Zheng Guo has the strategic initiative.
Located in Zhengguo's Tiger Prison Pass: one husband is the key to ten thousand people.
1. The Bank of China Yan suggested that it should be completed in one battle
The general of the Shangjun Zhongxing Yan took a look, if he begged for peace at the door of the running family, then the Jin army would have to go home, how to catch the big fish of Chu State?
Now is a good time to encircle the point and send reinforcements. Lord, we have to do it all at once. By continuing to besiege Zheng State, attracting Chu State to come to the rescue, and ambushing it at ease and waiting for work, a great victory is within reach. If you just shake hands and make peace, wouldn't it be a waste of hard work? ”
If we follow the practice of Zhongxingyan, a large-scale war is inevitable. But the question is, in an all-out war with the superpower Chu State, does the Jin State really have that confidence?
Second, Xun Poppy proposed "three driving fatigue".
Chinese Army Marshal Xun Poppy put forward a completely different proposal.
No, no, what we need is not a full-scale war. Shangjun General Xun Poppy said. "We need to consume the living force of the Chu State through continuous consumption. This works better than fighting head-on! ”
Xun Poppy proposed that he should make a plan and form an alliance with Zheng Guo first. Subsequently, the state of Chu will definitely crusade against the state of Zheng, and then fight around the state of Zheng, and the Jin army will be divided into three, taking turns to attack and invade the state of Chu. After a long time, it will not consume the Chu State to death, but also annoy the Chu State to death.
"Three Fatigues" was first proposed.
A classic case of encircling points to help: encircling Wei to save Zhao.
Which of the two options is better or worse? Jin Mourning Gong had to think about it carefully.
1. All-out war that makes people break out in a cold sweat
At first, most courtiers did not approve of the "three fatigues".
They believed that after the Battle of Yanling, the Jin State had an absolute advantage over Chu. It is necessary to take advantage of the momentum to completely defeat the Chu State and rebuild the hegemony of the Jin State.
The more courtiers were in favor of an all-out war, which made Jin Mourning Gong faintly feel a little uneasy: you must know that his predecessor, Jin Ligong, was killed by the Qing clan, and he, a "paratrooper" who returned from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and had no foundation, had only been on the throne for ten years.
In order to consolidate his position, Jin Mourning Gong thought of many ways, including promoting reforms in new fields, supporting the children of Jin Gong's family, and so on. But at present, it is obvious that Jin Mourning Gong is not in control of the situation.
The outside is strong and the middle is dry, and it seems to be strong and weak. It seems that the Jin Kingdom is very strong, but in fact, the team is scattered. In the Battle of Qianyan, when fighting against the Qin army, Luan Huang, the general of the Jin army, retreated with nearly half of his troops against the order, which actually caused the Jin army to retreat on all fronts.
In this context, if he and Qiang Chu are tough and tough, how much can Jin Mourning Gong be sure of victory?
Obviously, the main battle faction has ill intentions. If the war is lost, these ambitious main battle factions will take advantage of the weakening of the Jin office to unscrupulously develop their own forces, and if they don't know how to divide the Jin, the "three families will be divided" will come in advance.
After the Battle of Yanling, the internal contradictions of the Jin State deepened.
Second, the choice of Jin Mourning Gong
In the long story ** "Gu Delusional Words" in the early years of the Qing Yongzheng, a fragment is described in the twenty-second chapter.
Na Li returned to the camp after success or failure, and said angrily: "Since I have been on my own, I have not tasted repeated defeats. Defeated in Liuhe before, and lost the opportunity here today, how to get this breath? Li Yan said: "It is a common thing for the victorious and defeated military families, why should the king care?" Today, because of the enemy on all sides, he is wounded. Tomorrow he will rest his soldiers for one day, and the day after tomorrow he will see whether he wins or loses. Our military horses are several times more numerous, and there is no reason to be invincible with a different method. Li Zicheng said: "What is the method of changing the law?" ”In the face of a strong enemy, Li Zicheng suffered two defeats in succession. At the critical juncture, Li Yan, a gold medal military advisor, proposed a clever plan: divide his soldiers and horses into three teams, and replace one team every two hours to meet the enemy. In this way, he fought against the opponent for three days and nights in a row, and his own soldiers and horses were well rested and became more and more courageous, while the opponent's army was tired and exhausted. Due to the lack of personnel, the opponent could not divide into three teams to deal with it. So the other party was slowly dragged down.Li Yan said: "Divide our soldiers and horses into three teams, and go out of the first team to face the enemy." About two hours later, the second team went up and replaced the first team into the camp for a while. After another two hours, the third team went up and replaced the second team to rest. The first team was replaced by the third team, and the team was killed. Even though they fought for three days and nights, they were not tired. He is very easy in me, but he is very laborious. People's energy is limited, can he survive my three teams in one team? Even if he wants to divide the army, there are few people and he doesn't dare, and this Jin San's method of driving fatigue is also. When Li Zicheng heard this, he was overjoyed.
Among them, the strategy of "three fatigues" is used. Through wheel warfare, the enemy is in a negative state of exhaustion, and the combat effectiveness is greatly reduced. And because they have been well rested, their morale is high. In this way, you can defeat your opponent at a smaller cost.
This method of warfare takes longer, but is more secure. In the end, Jin Mourning Gong finally adopted Xun Poppy's "three fatigue" strategy.
Facts have proved that Jin Mourning Gong's choice is completely correct. Every time the Jin army sent an army, the Chu state poured the whole country into the battle, and after going back and forth several times, the Chu army worked in vain, and its combat effectiveness dropped significantly. Because of the long-term large-scale use of troops in China, the economy withered, the national strength declined, and the Chu State shifted from offensive to comprehensive contraction defense, and never stepped into the hinterland of the Central Plains again.
And in this process, the Jin Kingdom did not suffer any losses. By weakening the state of Chu, the Duke of Jin restored the supremacy of the state of Jin, and his dominance in the state of Jin was also consolidated.
The Jin Kingdom was restored. The success of the three fatigues is the emergence of the superiority of management efficiency in military operations.
1. Coordinate command to empower combat effectiveness
Three driving fatigue is essentially a defensive counter-attacking strategy.
By breaking the whole into parts, take turns to fight, constantly deplete the opponent's living power, and prepare for the final fatal blow.
In terms of specific operations,The features are distinct:
1. Weak situation. When you are at an obvious disadvantage in terms of strength, or the advantage is not too obvious, or you have concerns about throwing a mouse, the use of this strategy is very effective, and it can control the scale of the war and amplify the effect of the strike by breaking it into parts to carry out a limited war.
2. Efficient command. The fatigue of the three vehicles has higher requirements for command, which inevitably requires increasing the frequency of command and achieving accurate overall planning. Transform command superiority and information superiority into operational superiority. If you don't have these command advantages, you will be in danger of being broken by each one.
3. Defend and counterattack. After the division of the army, the attacking army obviously does not have the strength of a strategic offensive, and is mainly only harassing, thus forming an active defensive posture.
This strategyThe advantages are also obvious:
1. Grasp the initiative in the war. Harassment mainly focuses on attacking the opponent's economic, transportation and other strategic targets, so that the local social and economic development is "cleared", and the opponent's army is exhausted. Just like Wing Chun, an attack may not be fatal, but a quick and sustained attack on the same target will eventually have a lethal effect.
2. High cost performance. When the enemy is harassed for a long time, it is inevitable that the combat effectiveness will drop sharply, and at this time, the morale of the own side to launch a surprise attack is tantamount to a "dimensionality reduction strike", and it will certainly achieve a greater victory at a small price.
Second, it has been used many times and received rave reviews
The strategy of three fatigues is very effective and has been used many times in the long history that followed.
1, Wu Pochu
More than 50 years after it was proposed, the three drivers have once again exerted their amazing power.
In 506 B.C., King Lu of Wu led 30,000 elite soldiers to attack Chu, and after five battles and five victories, he broke through the capital of Chu.
The reason why it went so smoothly was because Wu Wang Lu adopted Wu Zixu's three-way strategy.
In "Zuo Chuan: Thirty Years of Zhao Gong", it is recorded that King Wu Lu asked the soldiers: "'What is the case with Chu? He said: "Chu is well-behaved in power, and he is not suitable for trouble." If it is for the three divisions, one division will come, and they will all come out. If he goes out, he returns, and when he returns, he will come out, and Chu will be covered. Urgently to stop (tired), many ways to make mistakes. If it is stopped, it will be followed by three armies, and it will be defeated. 'Closed Lu obeyed, and Chu became ill. ”Wu Zixu believes that there are too many ministers in charge of the Chu State, and they are not in harmony with each other, and no one dares to stand up and take responsibility. So Wu Zixu suggested that the Wu army be divided into three teams, let them take turns to attack the Chu State, and induce the Chu State to mobilize all its forces for defense. Over time, the Chu army did not get the slightest respite, and was in a state of exhaustion for a long time, and its combat effectiveness dropped significantly.
So, it took only 6 years for the Wu army to break through the Chu capital.
2. Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition
From 228 to 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led the Shu army and launched five northern expeditions against Cao Wei.
During the period, there are all kinds of excitement. There are lost street pavilions, and there are also Dingjun Mountain; There are empty city plans, and there are also five zhang plains.
But all of this is just a chance for Zhuge Liang to survive for Shu. Wei is strong and Shu is weak, and if it is allowed to develop naturally, the gap between the two countries will become wider and wider.
The terrain of Hanzhong is precipitous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and Luoyang, the capital of Wei, is kilometers away from Hanzhong. This made Wei feel quite a headache: the place was too remote, and if it wanted to hold on for a long time, it would be necessary to maintain a huge transportation and supply line, and consume Cao Wei's people and property little by little. Therefore, Cao Wei believed that the middle of the Han Dynasty could not act rashly, and a large-scale army would cause a commotion in the world, and the cost would be huge.
So Zhuge Liang seized Cao Wei's mentality of "can't hold it, can't attack it", and consumed Cao Wei's vital force through the Northern Expedition, hindering Cao Wei's economic recovery. As a result, the economic development of the northwest of Cao Wei was stagnant and agricultural production was withered. Cao Wei turned to a defensive posture for a while, and for a long time he had little strength to attack Shu in an all-round way.
3, Fan Zhongyan's "sixteen-character formula".
During the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to fight against the Liao ** team that went south, Fan Zhongyan urged to strengthen the defense of Bianjing City, Gaocheng and Shenchi, and fully guarantee the safety of the Northern Song Dynasty.
At the same time,Fan Zhongyan put forward the "sixteen-character formula" of confrontation: sharp to avoid it, sleepy to disturb it, night to frighten, to go to tiptoe (track) it.
Through the harassment of the invading Liao army, it could not advance or retreat, was exhausted, its combat effectiveness declined, and it was unable to attack. This is a inherited development of the three-way strategy of attrition, attrition and drag down the enemy through protracted harassment. So as to achieve the best effect of striking the enemy army with low consumption. That's it"The comprehensive policy of protecting the society and the four seas".
Later, the Song general Wu Lan also used this method to fight against the Jin soldiers. Whenever there was a decisive battle, Wu Lan always let the Jin soldiers attack first, and after they entered the favorable terrain, he sent elite soldiers and strong generals to harass the Jin soldiers in batches, which made the Jin soldiers tired and their morale greatly reduced. Then, when the golden soldiers were dragged to show fatigue, they suddenly attacked with surprise troops, thus winning a complete victory in one fell swoop.
The decisive battle of Wu Chu: The Battle of Baiju.
Yang Wanli wrote in "Sending Zuo Yuangui Sanyi Taichang":"Jin Hou three drivers Chu Mo fight, Xue Hou three arrows Tianshan Ping. ”
I gave a high evaluation to the fatigue of the three drivers.
Xun Poppy also said when he advised Jin to mourn the duke, if he fought with the Chu State now, it would inevitably bring heavy **. The wise win by wisdom, and the foolish fight by brute force.
Obviously, the fatigue of the three drivers should be a very effective skill.
The team was divided into three and four, thus breaking the whole into parts, effectively controlling the scale of the war.
Through efficient command, precise coordination. Raise your combat power to a notch.
Through continuous harassment, the enemy's combat power will drop again and again.
Finally seize the opportunity and launch the fatal blow.
This is the key to the Jin State finally dragging down the Chu State, locking in the victory, and then restoring the hegemony.