With the end of the Spring Festival holiday and the start of school as scheduled, many diseases will always come to "join in the fun". 
Data map: Xinhua News Agency.
The weather in spring is changeable, sometimes cold and sometimes warm, especially in the recent cold wave weather, coupled with the relaxation of the holiday after some students do not adapt to the school life environment and rhythm, one to two weeks after the start of school, students have to face the double test of psychology (school anxiety disorder) and physical, so one to two weeks after the start of school is the "high-risk period" of various epidemic infectious diseases on campus, also known as "school opening disease".
What should I pay attention to and how can I prevent it? Let's take a look!
1. Disease prevention and control.
1.The new crown pneumonia can occur throughout the year, and it is highly contagious and spreads quickly. It can be transmitted through direct transmission, aerosol transmission and contact transmission, with fever, fatigue, and dry cough as the main manifestations.
2.Popular** Risk.
The incubation period is short, highly contagious, and spreads quickly. The main manifestations are acute onset, high fever, body temperature up to 39 40, accompanied by chills, fever can last for 2 3 days. Muscle and joint pain and discomfort all over the body. There is often a sore throat, dry cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, etc. The high incidence time is winter and spring, and the incubation period is generally 1 to 3 days, which is mainly transmitted by airborne droplets, and all school stages are susceptible.
3.Measles. It is highly contagious, with a generalized maculopapular rash appearing 3 to 5 days after the first symptoms appear, and most of them are immunized for life. The main symptoms are fever, red maculopapular rash, accompanied by cough, runny nose, tearing, photophobia, sore throat, malaise, etc., which can occur all year round, but the peak period of incidence is from March to May; Incubation period 6-18 days; Infants under 8 months of age, school-age children over 7 years old, young children who have not been vaccinated against measles, and ** are the most susceptible groups, and the transmission is mainly through respiratory droplets.
4.Norovirus gastroenteritis.
It is highly infectious, mainly intestinal transmission, and the course of the disease is short, and the main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The stool is loose or watery, and there is no mucus, pus and blood. The course of the disease is generally 2 to 3 days, and winter and spring are the high incidence seasons; The incubation period is mostly 24-48 hours; All grades are susceptible; Spread through contaminated water, food, items, etc.
5.Foodborne diseases such as dysentery bacillus, typhoid bacillus, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and laxative Escherichia coli are common pathogenic bacteria, which are mainly manifested in clinical manifestations of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other symptoms, which can be accompanied by fever, and dehydration can occur in severe cases, often in schools, childcare and other collective units.
Precautionary measures. Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases, and children should be vaccinated regularly.
Strengthen personal hygiene and personal protection. Maintain good hygiene, do not spit, wash hands frequently, change clothes frequently, pay attention to oral hygiene, and disinfect daily necessities such as towels and tableware regularly.
Enhance self-protection. Wear a mask and minimize going to crowded places.
Develop good habits. Have a regular life, get enough sleep, and eat a balanced diet; Add or remove clothing according to the weather to avoid catching a cold.
Intensify your workouts. Increase outdoor activity time, help parents do more housework, combine work and rest, and improve the body's immunity.
Improve the indoor environment. Indoor ventilation is required to improve air quality and keep the room clean and disinfected if necessary.
If a child has an infectious disease, he or she should be isolated at home, and parents should not be afraid to delay classes and conceal their illness, and follow the school's management system for resuming school with infectious diseases. Also, do not take your children to crowded places to avoid infecting others.
Schools should strengthen epidemic surveillance, adhere to the morning inspection system and the registration and tracking system for absenteeism due to illness, so as to achieve early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early **.
Classrooms and dormitories should be ventilated regularly every day to maintain air circulation and freshness, and improve indoor air quality.
Strengthen the ventilation and disinfection of classrooms, dormitories, toilets, campus environments, canteen environments, tableware, and toys.
2. Psychological adaptation.
Back-to-school anxiety.
Anxiety at the beginning of school refers to the anxiety that students will not be able to effectively adapt to the study life of the new semester in the face of the upcoming vacation, and they will be depressed, flustered, irritable, and tired.
In severe cases, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating may occur. It is especially easy to appear in children with high self-requirements, excellent academic performance, weak adaptability, and poor social interaction.
Response. 1.During the biological clock adjustment holiday, many students stay up late because of ** TV series and online games, go to bed late and get up late, and the biological clock is disordered. Three days before the start of school, don't drive at night because of homework arrears, which will affect the formation of daily routines. After waking up in the morning, do proper physical exercise to ensure that you have strong energy after school starts.
2.Before the start of school, it is necessary to purchase necessary learning supplies such as reference books and teaching materials, and students who are able to do so can help some students with difficult families, so as to cultivate their sense of social responsibility. Junior students can prepare study and daily necessities accompanied by their parents, and senior students should wash their clothes, shoes and hats by themselves to make all preparations before the start of school.
3.Divert attention Most students take rest and entertainment during the holidays, supplemented by learning, teachers and parents do not intervene too much, before the start of school, students are often unsatisfied with TV programs and games, at this time, students should accept the opinions of parents, take the initiative to restrain themselves, shift their attention to learning, check which homework needs to be improved, which knowledge is still vague, and consult classmates and teachers in time.
4.Students should first arrange time to "learn from the past". For example, review the English words, mathematical formulas, and physical laws learned in the previous semester to awaken the memories stored in the brain; It is also the most important part to make a feasible study plan in advance and preview the knowledge of the new semester in advance. Through preview, you can have a preliminary understanding of what you are going to learn, so that you can listen to the lecture with a focus and purpose, especially the knowledge that you can't understand by self-study, pay more attention to the teacher's analysis and reasoning, learn the correct way of thinking, and make some notes on the key knowledge points and knowledge structure in the text.
Children's "school anxiety" is a normal phenomenon, just like the reluctance to go to work after a long vacation, this phenomenon can not be ignored, and can not be underestimated, as long as the child works hard to adjust, and then with the tactful guidance of parents, teachers teach scientifically, students can "collect their hearts" as soon as possible, and will start a new journey with more enthusiasm. (*Shandong CDC).