Rain, snow and freezing weatherAdverse impact on agricultural productionHow to do it wellRain, snow and freezing weather preparedness? Let's take a look
Vegetables
1. Inspect and reinforce the greenhouse
Inspect and maintain the skeleton of the shed of the facility in a timely manner, and if necessary, add support columns to enhance the ability to resist snow accumulation, prevent the collapse of the shed, and ensure the safe production of facility agriculture. At the same time, the film hole should be repaired in time and the film pressing line should be tightened to prevent wind penetration and snow irrigation. Once the snowfall stops, remove the snow from the roof and the surrounding area in time to prevent the collapse of the greenhouse facilities due to heavy snowfall. At the same time, it ensures smooth drainage to avoid excessive humidity in the shed due to melting snow.
Second, do a good job of insulation and warming of facilities
The outside of the facility is covered with insulating quilts, straw and other materials, and covered with a layer of plastic film. A simple small arch shed was built in the facility, multi-layer coverage was carried out, and grass ash was sprinkled on the furrow surface to increase fertilizer and heat preservation. Multi-layer straw (curtains) are added around the facility and on the back wall, and buffer films are set up at the vents and doorways or multi-layer covering and insulation. On the premise of ensuring fire prevention and safe electricity use, heating facilities such as hot blast stoves, ground heating wires, heating wires, air heating lines, and special heating lamps can be used for artificial heating. It is necessary to find ways to increase the light in the shed, such as setting up dust strips, you can also hang reflective curtains on the back wall of the greenhouse, and you can use fill lights if possible.
3. Do a good job in the prevention and control of low-temperature freezing damage
Try not to water or water less, if you really need to water, you must take measures to raise temperature, ventilation and moisture immediately after watering, you can sprinkle dry fine soil, dry straw, etc., absorb the moisture on the ground, reduce the humidity in the shed, and reduce frostbite. Note that after a sudden sunny day after continuous rain and snow, do not fully uncover the thermal insulation quilt or grass curtain, should be partially shaded and cooled, and wait for the plant to resume growth, and then uncover, after several repetitions, generally three days later, no longer wilt and then all uncover the thermal insulation quilt. After the frozen plants are slowed down, an appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in time to promote the recovery of plant growth as soon as possible2% urea or 0Foliar spraying of 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; The application of "anti-inducing Yingfeng" foliar anti-agent + root anti-agent can quickly promote the recovery and growth of vegetables.
Wheat
Wheat Field Tube:The first is classified management to promote weak control and prosperity. In view of the three types of seedling plots with insufficient base fertilizer and weak seedlings, the green fertilizer was applied to promote early growth and rapid development, healthy growth of wheat and transformation and upgrading of weak seedlings in the current rainy and snowy weather. For wheat fields with large sowing amounts, large basic seedlings, large populations and vigorous growth trends, chemical control or suppression should be carried out in a timely manner according to the moisture situation after the cold wave. The second is to clear the ditch and manage the moisture, dehumidify and reduce stains. Precipitation can easily cause excessive moisture in some low-lying fields, which is not conducive to the growth and development of wheat roots. It is necessary to clean the ditch and manage the moisture in time, remove moisture and reduce stains, and promote the healthy growth of wheat roots. The third is to investigate the degree of wheat freezing in time after the rain, snow, freezing and cold wave weather. Early topdressing of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer in frozen fields, generally urea 5-7 per mu5 kg, or foliar spraying of foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulators, to promote small tillers to catch up with large tillers, large tillers into more spikes, and strive to reduce losses due to disasters.
Pest Control:After the rain and snow weather is over and the temperature is stable, the wheat is in the period of returning to green, according to the grass conditions and grass phases in the field, select high-efficiency herbicides on the road, and carry out chemical weeding as soon as possible. Wheat sheath blight, stem base rot, wheat spiders, aphids, etc. have occurred one after another, so it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and prevention and control, reduce the number of diseases and insects, and reduce the pressure of harm in the later stage.
To prevent and control wheat sheath blight and stem base rot, choose to apply pesticides when there is dew in the morning, appropriately increase water consumption (more than 30 kg of water per mu), and then prevent and control them again about 10 days after the first application of pesticides in seriously diseased fields, and choose tebuconazole, propiconazole, thioframide, Jinggang wax buds, etc. The control of wheat spiders uses bifenthrin, avermectin, maracine thiophos and other agents. When pests and diseases occur at the same time, insecticides and fungicides can be mixed and sprayed at the same time to implement integrated pest control. When applying pesticides, use electric sprayers, self-propelled boom sprayers and other high-efficiency plant protection machinery, select fan-shaped nozzles, and use the secondary dilution method when dispensing, so that the spray is uniform and thoughtful.
Rape
1. Clear the ditch and drain the water, and cultivate the soil and roots。After the rain and snow, clean the three ditches in time to reduce the humidity in the field, and at the same time deepen the ditches outside the field to prevent the occurrence of stains. After thawing, the soil of the ditch can be used to cultivate soil and roots, especially in the fields where the phenomenon of pulling roots and seedlings is more serious, so as to reduce the damage of frost damage to the root system.
2. Remove frozen moss and clean up frozen leaves. For the early moss and early flowering rape that have been frozen, the frozen moss should be removed on a sunny day and when the temperature is high after thawing, so as to promote the growth of basal branches and make up for the loss of frost damage, and avoid rainy days to avoid wound rot. It is necessary to remove the frostbitten leaves that are obviously water-stained in time to prevent frostbite from affecting the whole plant, and remove the obvious white or dry leaves in time.
3. Top dressing wax fertilizer and supplemental boron fertilizer. After rapeseed is frozen, the leaves and roots are damaged, and nutrients should be replenished in time. After moss picking, 5 7 kg of urea per mu was applied to promote branch growth. If the leaves are frozen, 3 5 kg of urea per mu should be applied to promote the recovery of growth. At the same time, 3 4 kg of potassium chloride per mu or 50 ml of Fuwan potassium were sprayed outside the root to enhance the cold resistance. In addition, foliar sprays per acre are 01%－0.50 kg of 2% boron fertilizer solution to promote flower bud differentiation.
Fourth, strengthen monitoring and reporting, prevention and control of diseases. Rapeseed is more susceptible to disease after freezing, and the forecast of pests and diseases should be strengthened. For the fields where sclerotinia occurs, timely spraying of prochloraz, chlorothalonil and mancozeb for prevention and control; If the aphids are harmed, they should be treated with imidacloprid and pymetrozine in time.
Strawberries in greenhouses
The recent low temperature, rain and snow may cause frost damage to strawberry flowers and young fruits, which will affect strawberry yields in severe cases. To this end, the following cold and anti-freezing technical measures are proposed: 1. Timely covering and heat preservation When the minimum temperature in the shed is below zero at night, cover the third layer of film; When the minimum temperature at night is lower than minus 8 degrees, cover the four-layer film, or increase the covering facilities (such as straw curtains, thermal insulation quilts, non-woven fabrics, etc.) in advance on the periphery of the greenhouse, and the height is 1More than 2 meters, the main technical method is as follows: the film is double-folded, the width is more than 1 meter, sandwiched on the inside of the first layer of greenhouse film (between the steel pipe and the film), along the greenhouse around all the tightened and compacted, absolutely no air leakage gap. The skirt film must be pulled up on the ground on the ground. Second, if necessary, auxiliary heating in the case of three-film covering cultivation, when the minimum temperature is lower than minus six degrees, it is recommended to take measures to warm and protect flowers and fruits, under the premise of ensuring the safety of strawberry greenhouses and people, it is advisable to use well water spraying between the two membranes of the greenhouse, electric heating in the shed, the use of circulation fans, burning liquid alcohol or bamboo charcoal and other heating methods, it is strictly forbidden to use coal-fired heating and other illegal operations in the shed, and resolutely put an end to the occurrence of gas poisoning accidents. 3. Maintain and reinforce facilities Maintain the reinforcing facilities in a timely manner, press and compact the shed film, check and repair the damaged and cracked shed film. Old facilities or facilities with large spans and deformed skeletons should be supported and reinforced by columns to prevent the shed from collapsing when it snows. Carry out a comprehensive overhaul of equipment and circuits such as temperature increase, supplementary light, and snow removal as soon as possible to ensure the safe and normal operation of the equipment. Before the strong cooling comes, the greenhouse lighting surface can be covered with a thermal insulation quilt, and a cold-proof curtain can be added inside. Fourth, strictly standardize the operation 1In order to improve the temperature of the greenhouse, in addition to rainy and snowy days, no matter how low the outside temperature is, the inner film of the greenhouse should be uncovered during the day to improve the light intensity in the strawberry greenhouse and promote the temperature in the greenhouse. The inner layer of the north-south greenhouse must be fully uncovered. After the inner layer of the greenhouse is uncovered, the outer film of the greenhouse should be closed, and the outermost film should be opened for ventilation and humidity reduction after the temperature rises. After the dehumidification is over, the outermost layer of the film should be closed first, and then the inner layer of the film should be covered to prolong the light time as much as possible. 2.The use of electric heating should pay attention to the electrical load to meet the maximum power safety requirements, in case of fire, the terminal must be equipped with a leakage protector, the operation should be in a group of two, once an electric shock occurs, the other person must immediately cut off the power supply after the rescue, it is strictly forbidden to rescue in the case of electricity. 3.When using fuels such as alcohol or bamboo charcoal for heating, the fuel device must be able to ensure combustion for 7 hours, and no fuel can be added to the shed at night. If you want to refill fuel at night, you must go with two people, one person into the shed to operate, and one person outside the shed to observe.
Vineyards
In order to do a good job in the cold and frost prevention and disaster reduction of vineyards, the following suggestions are put forward: 1. Comprehensive preventive measures 1Timely watering of antifreeze water. Irrigation of cold water plays an important role in improving the cold resistance of the vines. Before the low temperature comes, watering cold-proof water can dissolve a large amount of tree nutrients, reduce the freezing point inside the tree, and improve the cold resistance of the tree. At the same time, during the cold winter, irrigation water can promote the stability of low temperature and prevent the root system from freezing. 2.Spray antifreeze. Plant antifreeze, also known as plant antifreeze, is a kind of cold-resistant and frost-resistant plant foliar fertilizer containing plant hormones, plant nutrient solution and trace elements. Spraying fruit trees before the arrival of cold air can increase the cold resistance of the tree and thus reduce frost damage. Pay attention to cooperate with other anti-freezing measures, and prohibit use when it is below 5, so as not to aggravate frost damage. 3.The trunk is painted white to prevent freezing. The main trunk of the grapes is evenly whitened to stabilize the temperature of the tree, which not only prevents frost, but also kills the germs, eggs and adults hidden in the trunk. The whitening liquid should be moderately dry and thin, and it is advisable not to flow when brushing. The preparation ratio of whitening solution: 100 parts of quicklime, 10 parts of sulfur powder, 10 parts of salt, 1 part of vegetable oil, 200 parts of water (in terms of mass), mix evenly. 4.Ground cover protection. The use of straw, wheat straw, plant ash, weeds, nylon, plastic film, etc. to cover grapes can not only prevent the attack of cold air outside, but also reduce the heat loss on the ground, can increase the temperature 1 2, the method of anti-freezing time for a long time. 5.Rhizomes are cultivated to prevent freezing. Grape rhizomes are the most difficult to withstand the cold, especially young trees, which are more susceptible to frost damage. Therefore, it is necessary to spread soil at the junction of the aboveground part of the tree body to the underground part before freezing, with a thickness of about 30 cm, and remove it when it thaws in the next year. 6.Facility inspection and maintenance. Greenhouse grapes pay attention to the weather in time, check the greenhouse film before the frost damage arrives, repair the damage in time, test whether the roller shutter machine is working normally, and repair the problem in time. 2. Common frostbite symptoms of grapes 1Symptoms of frost damage to branches and vines. The slight frost damage of the branches and vines showed that the pith, xylem and bud eyes turned brown, but the cambium layer was still green, and the budding was late next year, and the growth was weak. Severe frost damage is manifested by the cambiation layer and xylem all turning brown, the bud eyes are easily falling off, and the branches are dead and cracking. 2.Symptoms of frost damage to buds. The slight frost damage of the buds was that the buds were slightly dry, slightly shrinking and smaller, late budding in spring, yellowing and thin after germination. Severe frost damage is manifested as severe bud shrinkage, buds become shriveled, easy to fall off, and cannot germinate in spring. 3.Symptoms of frost damage to roots. The slight frost damage of the root system was manifested by the death of the superficial absorbent roots, the main roots were normal, and the deep roots did not die. Severe frost damage is manifested by the death of most of the superficial roots and the death of some absorption roots of the deep roots. 3. Remedies for frost damage 1Avoid secondary frost damage. Clear the snow from the plants as soon as possible to prevent freezing. In the frozen vineyards, it is necessary to strengthen the restoration of tree functions, but also to avoid a new round of cold wave to re-injure the tree. It is necessary to strengthen the awareness of protection, and take measures such as irrigation and spraying antifreeze in early spring to avoid freezing again. 2.Reasonable pruning measures. After frost damage occurs, it is necessary to take prudent management measures, do not rush to cut, and wait for germination to depend on the situation. When more than 50% of the grapes have frozen dead roots, it is generally difficult for the shoots to recover, so the stubble should be flattened at the root neck to allow it to germinate new vines. Generally, when it is frozen, it is retracted and pruned to**, because only the upper main bud of some grape fruiting mother branches is frozen, and there may be 2-3 winter buds in the lower part that are not damaged. The frozen part is directly cut off from the fruiting mother branch to promote the germination of other winter buds or hidden buds of the fruiting mother branch to maintain the yield of the year. 3.Strengthen fertilizer and water management. For plants with late germination and irregular germination, timely irrigation should be combined with fertilization to keep the soil moist and ensure the water content inside the vine body. When the new shoots of grape seedlings have grown to about 8 leaves, they should be irrigated in time according to the moisture conditions and applied balanced high-quality fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium to promote the recovery of frozen trees as soon as possible. It should be noted that calcium fertilizer should be applied more to improve the disease resistance of the tree and reduce the disease. 5 kg of high-quality balanced water-soluble fertilizer is used each time per mu, and it is applied once every 20 days, and the fertilizer and water are combined. 4.Topping promotes strong shoots. Erase the excess new shoots without flower buds, and preliminarily set the shoots. 3-5 days before flowering, new shoots are topped, generally 6-8 leaves are left in front of the main branch spike, and 1-3 leaves are left behind the secondary shoots. 5.Proper control of production. For grape vines that are lightly damaged by frost, thin out part of the fruiting branches or fruit ears, and leave one ear of fruit for each vine to reduce the amount of fruit and properly control the yield. For too many new shoots and buds, it is necessary to thin them in time to increase nutrient accumulation and enhance tree potential. 6.Strengthen pest and disease control. After the grapes are frozen, the tree body is weakened, and it is easy to induce various diseases, so the prevention of diseases and pests should be carried out in time. After pruning the frozen shoots, the wound area is large, and the wound should be protected in time to prevent infection with white rot and other diseases, and 50% formaconazole 1500-2000 times protectant, 20% difenoconazole 3000-5000 times ** agent and pyraclostrobin can be used alternately. For pests and diseases such as black pox, downy mildew, gray mold, anthracnose and green blind bugs, it is necessary to pay attention to timely drug control.
Livestock and poultry
First, do a good job of inspection and reinforcement
Farm households timely inspection and maintenance of livestock and poultry enclosures, forage warehouses, walls, etc., especially on the roof of the shed timely inspection and snow removal, water supply, power supply lines for maintenance and maintenance, and strive to achieve the roof does not snow and rain, the wall does not collapse without cracks, doors and windows do not leak or leak, and water and electricity do not short circuit continuous flow.
Second, do a good job of cold protection and warmth
Strengthen the protection of key livestock and poultry, such as young animals, lactating mothers, pregnant animals and high-yield livestock and poultry, increase wind curtains, seal windows in time, and add grass bedding on the ground of cattle and sheep pens; According to the breed and production stage, the heating equipment should be appropriately increased in the livestock house, and the nutritional level of feed should be appropriately improved, so that the drinking water constant temperature system is normal.
3. Do a good job of material reserves
At present, the weather is cold, the roads are slippery, and the heavy wind and snow will cause poor transportation, farm households should do a good job of docking with feed and veterinary drugs and other input production and sales enterprises, reserve sufficient forage feed, medicines, vaccines and other necessary materials, and make emergency preparations for water and power outages to ensure normal production and avoid the occurrence of secondary disasters.
Fourth, do a good job in epidemic prevention
Farmers should make unremitting efforts to do a good job in the normalization of prevention and control of major animal diseases such as African swine fever, and do a good job in the immunization and prevention of diseases prone to occur in the cold season such as foot-and-mouth disease, avian influenza, and viral diarrhea; Strictly implement the biosecurity management system, and regularly do a good job of environmental disinfection; Strengthen the monitoring and inspection of livestock and poultry in enclosures, find abnormalities, and achieve early isolation, early diagnosis, and early reporting to ensure the rapid handling of the epidemic.
|Montene release.
Edit|Zhang YaxianEditor-in-charge|Liang FanranAudit|Liu Yanli.