In the process of entering the Qing Dynasty, some Han generals played an important role. In order to commend these meritorious courtiers, Emperor Shunzhi successively canonized four kings, one duke, four marquis, four earls, as well as nineteen viscounts and thirty-five barons. So, apart from the four kings and one duke, who are the four marquis who were knighted?
1. Li Guohan, Marquis of Maolie.
Li Guohan was born in Weiqinghe, Tieling, and his father, Li Jixue, was a businessman who had long been associated with the Jurchens. Li Jixue was once ordered by Yang Ho to send an envoy to Houjin to engage in intelligence and diplomatic work. In 1621, Nurhachi captured Liaoyang, and after Li Jixue surrendered to Jin, he continued to engage in intelligence work, and was awarded the title of third-class baron for repeatedly capturing Ming spies.
After Li Jixue retired, Li Guohan inherited his father's title and served as a guard by Huang Taiji's side. He distinguished himself in the war before entering the customs and was promoted to the rank of Viscount of the Third Class. After the Qing army entered the pass, he participated in the pursuit of Li Zicheng and the defeat of Zhang Xianzhong, and served as the general of Dingxi, guarding Hanzhong with Wu Sangui. Later, together with Wu Sangui, he conquered Sichuan and Guizhou, and in 1652 he was made a third-class marquis. In 1658, Li Guohan died in the army, and was posthumously given the nickname Minzhuang.
Second, Shunyi Hou Tianxiong.
Li Guohan had already served the Qing Dynasty before the Qing army entered the customs, while Tian Xiong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty after entering the customs. Tian Xiong, originally from Xuanhua, Zhili, had an unknown early life, and may have served in the Ming army. After the establishment of the Southern Ming Dynasty, a large number of rewards were awarded, and Tian Xiong was also named the chief soldier. In June 1645, Prince Duoduo of Yu captured Jiangnan, and Emperor Zhu Yousong of Hongguang was forced to flee to Wuhu. Tian Xiong saw that the fall of the Southern Ming Dynasty was a foregone conclusion, so he and another general soldier captured Zhu Yousong and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.
This scene is quite funny, Tian Xiong is carrying Emperor Hongguang on his back, and Ma Degong is "holding Hongguang two feet". Emperor Hongguang begged the two, but they said, "My fame is here, and I can't let you go." Emperor Hongguang was so angry that he could only bite Tian Xiong's neck, "bleeding clothes". With the merit of capturing Emperor Hongguang, Tian Xiong successively served as the chief soldier of Zhejiang and the governor of Zhejiang, and actively suppressed the anti-Qing rebels in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In 1661, Tian Xiong was made a second-class marquis. Two years later, Tian Xiong died of illness and was posthumously given the nickname Yiyong.
3. Shunqin Houma is meritorious.
Ma Degong, a man born in Liaodong, like Tian Xiong, served in the Ming Dynasty in his early years and was later promoted to the rank of general soldier during the Southern Ming Dynasty. He joined forces with Tian Xiong and captured Emperor Hongguang together. The Qing Dynasty treated Ma Degong quite generously and promoted him to the chief soldier of Zhenjiang. At that time, there was still an anti-Qing rebel army in Jiangsu, and Ma Degong bravely suppressed it and made great achievements. Later, he was transferred to Fujian to take up a post, where he excelled in many battles with Zheng Chenggong.
In 1656, Ma Degong was promoted to the governor of Fujian, and took advantage of Zheng Chenggong's attack on Taizhou to break through seven cities in a row, and finally captured Min'an. He also built the Min'an Stone City, the ruins of which still exist today. In 1661, the Qing court conferred the title of third-class marquis. However, a year later, during the attack on Xiamen, Ma Degong was killed. The Qing court posthumously awarded him a first-class marquis and nicknamed Xiangwu. It is worth mentioning that the fourth marquis was Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, who was named the Marquis of Tong'an after the Qing Dynasty, but was eventually executed.
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