The cultivation of a fighting nation Pangeng is resolute, and the Wuding couple is invincible
Although the Shang Dynasty is 3,000 years old, the ruins of magnificent palaces, temples and royal tombs can still be seen in Yin Ruins. Standing here, you can imagine that Pan Geng, Wu Ding, as well as King Su and Da Ji lived and breathed in this land.
Their presence makes the history of the Late Shang period more active, and their stories will never be forgotten.
In the land of Yinxu, there were once inhabited monarchs of the late Shang dynasties. Although the Shang Dynasty moved its capital several times due to civil strife, the state was still declining. However, Pan Geng, the twentieth king of the Shang Dynasty, in order to save the fate of the royal family, bravely broke through many difficulties and moved the capital from Xian (present-day Qufu) in Shandong to Yin (present-day Anyang) in Henan.
According to the "Historical Records of Yin Benji", "the people of Yin were all resentful and did not want to migrate", which shows that there were many people who opposed the relocation of the capital at that time.
Pan Geng is a determined leader, and he knows that moving to the capital is a difficult decision. In the face of opposition, he did not compromise, but adopted a policy of "carrots and sticks".
By explaining the importance and necessity of moving the capital, he made his subjects understand the profound meaning behind it. At the same time, he took a strong stance against his opponents and warned them that if they continued to resist, they would face the danger of their clan being wiped out.
In the end, Pan Geng's bold decision succeeded in resolving domestic contradictions, reviving a troubled dynasty and winning the admiration and worship of the princes.
Pangeng's decision to move the capital not only saved the kingdom's homeland, but also opened a historical chapter in the revival of the dynasty. This is confirmed in the archaeological finds of Yin Ruins. Yinxu became the capital at the end of the 14th century BC, just in time for the reign of Pan Geng.
Until then, Yinxu was just a small settlement. It seems that the records of ancient historical books such as the "Book of Shang" and the "Bamboo Book Chronicle" are true and credible.
In the royal tomb area of the northwest hill of Yinxu, there is a large tomb that has been stolen and excavated many times, although the large cultural relics in the tomb have long been missing, but the archaeological discovery is that it is the earliest age in the nine royal tombs, so it is very likely to be the tomb of Pangeng.
Unless Pan Geng was not buried here after his death, this is the final resting place of the calm and resolute king who saved the country from danger.
In the northwest of Yinxu, after the death of Pan Geng, the owner of tomb 1001, the throne was passed to his two younger brothers, Xiao Xin and Xiao Yi. However, Xiao Yi did not return the throne to Pan Geng's son before his death, but chose to put his beloved son Wu Ding on the throne.
Although this behavior violated the ancestral system and righteousness, history has proven that his choice was wise.
After Wu Ding took over the government, he chose to wait and see what happened, and three years later, he showed excellent leadership skills and took control of the entire kingdom. He was eclectic and reused people from humble backgrounds like Gan Pan and Fu Shuo, and the two won the trust of the masses with their outstanding governing skills.
Wu Ding's hard work made the Shang Dynasty from decline to prosperity, and the national strength became stronger and stronger, and his deeds were more amazing than the Spring and Autumn Period of King Chuzhuang's "three years without a sound, a blockbuster".
Wu Ding, low-key and calm, hard work, is a model for the monarchs of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to learn. In order to seek development and stability, he fought side by side with Ai Ji Nuhao, performed the male and female duets of the fighting nation, and carried out many large-scale wars against dozens of surrounding countries and foreign races, and finally achieved a decisive victory.
Wu Ding and his wife worked together and made great contributions to the stability and development of the Shang Dynasty. They first succeeded in quelling the rebellion of the vassal states, and solved the worries of the Shang Dynasty.
According to the oracle bone inscriptions, Wu Ding first suppressed the rebels of Rang (present-day Shaanxian County, Henan) and Gen (present-day southwestern Shanxi), and then successively swept away neighboring states such as Fu, Zhi, Xuan, and Shu (all located in present-day southwestern Shanxi) and incorporated them into the Shang Dynasty's territory.
At the same time, they also used force to force small states such as the Lan Fang, the Zhou Fang, the Qi Fang, the Zhou Fang, and the Xia Wei to submit, and stabilized the territory of the Shang Dynasty. The wisdom and courage of Wu Ding and his wife laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the Shang Dynasty.
Wu Ding cleared the surrounding small states in advance and stabilized the strategy of the Henan and Jin regions, and then began to campaign against the stronger Fang countries. According to oracle bone inscriptions, he successfully defeated the Long Fang (present-day Hejin, Shanxi) and Shaofang, and repeatedly sent troops to conquer the powerful Wei Fang (between present-day Yongcheng, Henan Province and Suzhou, Anhui Province), and finally succeeded in capturing and killing their leaders.
In the territory of the Shang Dynasty, the Anhui region was already under its jurisdiction. However, in the process of conquering the small country of "Zefang", the Shang army suffered a defeat on the day of Guihai and was forced to retreat and reorganize.
After adjustments, the Shang army set out again the next day, and Wu Ding personally dispatched infantry and equipped chariots to attack. In the end, the Shang army succeeded in defeating the Celestial army, which was a seminal moment in history when the infantry and chariots fought together.
Although the Celestial State is not large, it makes the merchant army feel quite tricky. At this time, the growing power of the Dongyi countries began to have the idea of rebellion. Under the rule of Wu Ding's father, Xiao Yi, they had submitted to the Shang court, but now refused to pay tribute to the Shang court and often violated the borders.
Faced with this situation, Wu Ding personally led his army to break through the Yifang (also known as the human side and the corpse side, located at the junction of Shandong, Suzhou, and Anhui), setting an example for all the rebellious Dongyi people.
In the eastern part of the Shang Dynasty, among the Dongyi states, Laiyi and Huaiyi were the two most important states. When the east had stabilized, Wu Ding began a large-scale campaign targeting Jingchu in the south.
The Jingchu region is located in today's Jianghan region, with complex terrain, crisscrossed by mountains, forests, and rivers, making it very difficult to march. However, Wu Ding firmly commanded the Shang army and successfully broke through the Jingshan Danger, attacked Guifang (now Zigui, Hubei), and captured Yanfang.
This battle successfully conquered many Fang states in the south, demonstrating the great power of the Shang Dynasty.
Wu Ding personally led the army to conquer Jingchu and successfully opened the gate to the south. Crucially, Wu Ding successfully defeated the strongest army in the Jingchu region, the Hufang (located in present-day southern Anhui and the Ganjiang River valley in Jiangxi), and captured a large number of enemies, completely eliminating the threat from the south.
The Book of Poetry Yin Wu records: "Bravely conquer, go deep into the dangers of Jingchu, and weaken the journey of Jingchu".
On the map of the Wuding period of the Shang Kingdom, we can see that the Shang Kingdom and the Hu Fang are next to each other, and the next target is the Ba Fang in the southwest. Wu Ding and the female god of war have a good tacit understanding, they are the strongest "combat duo" and "tactical husband and wife" at that time.
According to oracle bone records, they planned in detail before the battle. Nuhao set up an ambush on the west side of the enemy army in advance, while Wu Ding led an elite army to attack the Pakistani army from the east.
Their strategy succeeded, and they drove the Pakistani army into the ambush circle of the woman, and annihilated the Pakistani army in one fell swoop. In this battle, the Pakistani side was annexed by the Shang Kingdom, and a large number of prisoners were used to sacrifice to the heavens.
This can be said to be the earliest "ambush warfare" in the history of our country. Overall, the successful battle of Wu Ding and Nu Hao demonstrated their military wisdom and superb tactical skills, as well as the great strength of the Shang Kingdom.
Wu Ding and his wife created China's earliest ambush tactics, but their main enemy came from the northwest. Among them, Tufang, Qiangfang, and Guifang were the three most powerful enemy states of the Shang Kingdom, located in the Fenhe River valley of Shanxi, the Shaanxi-Gansu region, and the Jin-Shaanxi region.
Wu Ding was fearless against these enemies and resolutely struck and eliminated them one by one.
Wu Ding is a decisive leader who shows no mercy to intruders. According to the oracle bone inscriptions, the Tufang was a powerful northern tribe that repeatedly violated the borders of the Shang state.
Some expert research shows that the earthworks were actually the remnants of the Xia Dynasty, who lived on the present-day Jin-Shaanxi Plateau.
In 1250 B.C., the surrounding countries of the Shang Dynasty began to stir up. In this year, the Turkish army invaded again, captured two cities of the Shang Dynasty, and even plundered crops and population.
Faced with this situation, Wu Ding personally led 5,000 Shang Dynasty troops to meet the enemy, while Nu Hao coordinated on the flank. After years of war, the Shang Dynasty army finally defeated Tufang and annexed its land.
Although it is unknown whether the earthwork was completely exterminated, there is no record of the earthwork since then.
Nuhao, an ancient Chinese female general, once led 3,000 directly subordinate troops and 10,000 reinforcements, totaling 13,000 people, and successfully defeated the militarily powerful Qiang Fang located in the northwest of the Shang Dynasty and relieved the Shang Dynasty's border troubles.
The woman is good, a famous general of the Shang Dynasty, led the army to conquer the Qiang side and achieved a great victory. The Shang army captured tens of thousands of Qiang, both nobles and commoners, who were sacrificed to their ancestors and gods.
The rest of the Qiang fled to Qinghai.
Most of the bones excavated from the sacrificial pit in Yinxu are from the ancient Qiang tribute party in the present-day Gansu and Mongolian regions. Because the strength of the tribute side should not be underestimated, the Shang king Wuding attached great importance to them, and even personally went out to recruit troops and personally marched to the army.
In this battle, the number of Shang troops involved reached 20,000, which was the most spectacular in the Wuding era, and it was also the largest and longest war.
In the oracle bone inscriptions, the tribute side is depicted as a formidable opponent of the Shang kingdom. The tribute did not have an actual border with the Shang kingdom, but this did not prevent it from invading the Shang kingdom.
Through cooperation with their allies, the Ghost Side, the Tribute Fang frequently launched attacks or excused themselves against the Shang Kingdom, and even joined forces with the Ghost Fang to harass them. The Oni Fang is a typical "shaker" country that always allied itself with other countries in order to achieve its aggressive goals.
The Guifang's fighting style was to pose a great threat to the Shang dynasty through the "shake-man" tactic, and they began to invade northern Jin, northern Shaanxi, and the regions west of Inner Mongolia in the 13th century BCE, often allied with other nomads to invade the Shang frontier.
Zhou Yi Jiji records that Emperor Wuding led his army to attack the ghost side several times, and after three years of hard fighting, he finally eliminated the ghost side and made it part of the Shang Dynasty.
After three years of hard fighting, Wu Ding successfully defeated the ghost side, forcing him to stay away from his homeland. There are various theories about the origin of the ghost party in history, some scholars believe that they are a yellow and white mixed race, while Wang Guowei believes that the ghost side is the ancestor of the Huns in the Han Dynasty based on the research of "Historical Records of Suoyin".
According to expert research, the ghost side may be the ancestor of the white race or the Huns, and there is even a view that the ghost side is a branch of the Indo-Europeans who went east, that is, the Aryans.
When these Aryans moved eastward into the Gan and Mongol regions, they were violently counterattacked by powerful merchant armies and forced to flee in disarray. After that, they turned south and wiped out ancient India, which had been founded by the Dravidians, and replaced it.
These were detailed in the previous episode.
According to the historical records of the eastward expansion of the Aryans and the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty, the Onifang may have been a branch that was hindered by the Shang Dynasty's southern invasion of ancient India. Archaeological studies have found that the ghost side may have migrated as far away as Lake Baikal to Lake Balkhash in South Siberia.
This not only shows that Wu Ding and Nu Hao have maintained the sovereignty of the Shang Kingdom, but also proves that the bloodline of Chinese civilization has not been interrupted.
Wu Ding and his wife are the guardians of the continuation of the bloodline of the Chinese nation. Starting from Xiao Yi who fought against Dongyi and Ghost Fang, his brother Pan Geng, son Wu Ding, and daughter-in-law Hao all spent a life full of war, and this family was undoubtedly the "home of the god of war" in the late Shang period.
However, there was also a stoic female warrior in the family, and although there was no record left in the history books, it was not until the discovery of an oracle bone inscription that her story was revealed.
Welcome to listen to Brother Tao's historical explanation, let us explore the Yinxu culture and trace the footsteps of history. This time, we are talking about a female warrior who is as famous as a woman, a member of the Wuding family.
She delves into cultural relics, listens to the voices of history, communicates face-to-face with historical figures, and tells an immortal legend. How did she do it? We have referred to the research results of scholars such as Guo Moruo, Cao Dingyun, and Li Xueshan to reveal the secrets.
Who is this female warrior? Please look forward to Brother Tao's next commentary.