Human civilization and progress are probably inseparable from everyone's discovery, criticism, innovation, edification and exploration.
Mr. Lu Xun's criticism of old China can be described as profound, and the writing is relatively concise, which is difficult for those with average skills and talent to achieve. And look at the text below:
The Qing Dynasty had extermination, there was Ling Chi, but there was no punishment of skinning, which is what the Han people should be ashamed of, but later the popular abuse of government was *** Lu Xun "Miscellaneous Talks in Illness").
Arthur. Henderson. Smith wrote the book "The Human Nature of the Chinese" in 1890 to talk about both advantages and disadvantages, and it always feels a little itchy to read, or we Chinese have a thorough understanding of Chinese. Mr. Bai Yang's "Ugly Chinese" mainly talks about "shortcomings", which seems to lack a bit of fire and profundity compared to Lu Xun's words, but Mr. Bai Yang's words are still painful.
Smith and Bai Yang summarized the "shortcomings" of the Chinese as follows: lack of a sense of time; Beat around the bush; confusion of mind; Beaten track; contempt for foreigners; lack of empathy (Lu Xun and others criticized it as schadenfreude); mutual suspicion and lack of integrity; loud, noisy, dirty, messy; infighting; Mix; worship of power; Not accustomed to admitting mistakes; likes to talk big, empty, false, lie, and poisonous words; small and easy to win; Pass the buck; I love face; Snobbery, lack of public spirit ......Most of these Lu Xun and many others have also talked about it.
Bai Yang said in "The Ugly Chinese": For many years, I have wanted to write a book called "The Ugly Chinese". I remember that there was a book "Ugly Americans" in the United States, and after it was written, the United States *** used it as a reference for their actions. The Japanese also wrote a book called "The Ugly Japanese", written by the ambassador to Argentina, but his Excellency was dismissed, which is probably the difference between the East and the West. China seems to be a step behind Japan, and if I had written this book, I might have to trouble you to go to prison and bring me food.
The difficulties I am talking about are not personal problems, nor political problems, but the entire Chinese problem beyond the individual, beyond the political level. It's not just one person who has gone through tribulation, it's not just my generation that has gone through tribulation. If we don't understand this tribulation, if we don't understand this poisonous culture, then our calamity will happen again, forever and ever. (Bai Yang, "The Ugly Chinese").
Why did such a huge country, such a huge nation, fall to such an ugly state today? Not only is he bullied by foreigners, but he is also bullied by his own people - by tyrants, tyrants, and mobs. Sometimes I stop in a foreign park and see foreign children, they are so happy, I feel envious from the bottom of my heart. (Ugly Chinese).
Although there is no modern science and technology in China, there is a "buy watermelon science" and the like, this "discipline" was created by Bai Yang, the original text is longer, this introduction. said that the boss asked A and B to go to Qiaoxi to buy watermelons, and A came back when he saw that there were no melons in Qiaoxi, and the boss scolded A; B went to the east to buy back the melon as soon as he saw that there was no in the west, and the boss praised B, but he thought that this guy has the ability to think and be unreliable. B was fired for squid. Either kill or chase the Bs. How can people born of this culture think independently?
Science and technology are underdeveloped, and technology that harms people is relatively developed.
China is very strange, the inherent medical books on the five internal organs of the human body, is really sloppy and wrong to the point of being unrecognizable, but the method of torture is often as if the ancients had already understood modern science. (Lu Xun's "Miscellaneous Talks After Illness").
We are the people who are the most able to study the human body and use it naturally. The neck is the thinnest, and the beheading was invented; The knee joint can bend, and kneeling was invented; The buttocks were fleshy and not fatal, so spanking was invented. (Lu Xun, "Lace Literature").
Another characteristic of Chinese people is infighting, which is also a research topic of Mr. Bai Yang.
Where there are Chinese, there is infighting, and the Chinese will never be united, and it seems that the Chinese lack the cells of unity. (Ugly Chinese).
The most powerful of the whole Chinese is not foreigners, but Chinese. Whoever betrays the Chinese is not a foreigner, but a Chinese. Anyone who frames the Chinese is not a foreigner, but a Chinese. (Ugly Chinese).
Mr. Yi Zhongtian said in "Gossip Chinese": "There are only two results of fighting in the nest: one is to turn people into 'two-facedness', and the other is to force people into 'mental illness'. At the very least, it can also make people depressed and narrow-minded. If you don't believe us, if we look at the units with the most serious fights, most of them have no performance and achievements; Those who are keen on fighting in the nest are mostly not at the level of vision. It is precisely because I have no vision and level that I don't look at the 'outside world', but only at the rights and wrongs at home. The result is naturally 'an insider in the civil war, an outsider in the foreign war', fighting for power and profit in the unit and family, fighting for wind and jealousy, and when he goes outside, or sees outsiders, he can't raise his head, can't speak, and can't let out a fart. ”
The problem of nesting is a long story, in a nutshell: Western maritime civilization is fluid, open and outward-looking, while China's feudal inland small-scale peasant economy or agricultural civilization is self-sufficient and inward-looking. Therefore, Western culture develops outwardly, while Eastern culture strives for survival and struggles inward. The West conquers nature, the East struggles with man; The West is marching outward, and the East is strife; The West is inclined to science and art, while the East is focused on human relations; The West ponders things, and the East ponders people's ......These are the cultural reasons for the nest fight, and the main reason. This is the main tendency, but it is not absolute, and the Eastern and Western cultures are not completely separated, there are commonalities, differences, and exceptions, for example, the East also develops outward, and the West also struggles inward, but it is not the essence or the majority.
Hu Shi said, "A dirty country, if everyone talks about rules instead of empty morality, it will eventually become a normal country with human feelings, and morality will naturally gradually return; On the other hand, in a clean country, if everyone talks about morality and nobility without paying attention to the rules, and talks about moral norms every day when everything is fine, and everyone is impartial, the country will eventually degenerate into a dirty country full of hypocrites. Hu Shi, "Introducing My Own Thoughts").
Yi Zhongtian summed up the logic of the Chinese people into three points: asking attitude without asking facts, asking motives without asking about right and wrong, and asking relatives without asking reason.
Bai Yang's "sauce jar culture" and Lu Xun's "black dye vat", "house without doors and windows", and "inferior roots" are essentially the same.
Every time a new system, a new scholarship, or a new term is introduced into China, it is like falling into a black dye vat, and it immediately becomes a black mass and turns into a tool for helping oneself and helping oneself. (Lu Xun's "Occasional Feeling").
China is about too old, and everything in society, big or small, is terrible, like a black dye vat, no matter what new things are added, it will become pitch black. But there is no other way than to think of reform. I think that all idealists are not nostalgic for the 'past', but 'hope for the future', and for the topic of 'present', they all give a blank slate, because no one can prescribe a prescription. (Lu Xun's "Book of Two Places").
This pool, this stagnant water, is the sauce jar of Chinese culture, and the sauce jar stinks and makes the Chinese ugly. It is because this sauce jar is unfathomable that many problems cannot be solved by one's own thinking, so they have to be led by other people's thinking. Such stagnant water, such a sauce jar, even if the peach is thrown into it, it will become a dry. As soon as foreign things come to China, they will deteriorate, others have democracy, we also have democracy, and our democracy is: "You are the people, I am the master." "Others have the rule of law, we also have the rule of law, others have freedom, we also have freedom, what you have, I have. You have a zebra crossing, and I have a zebra crossing – of course, ours is there to lure you into crushing the car. (Bai Yang, "The Ugly Chinese").
Due to the long-term loss of the ** feudal social system, the Chinese have been in this sauce jar for too long, and our thoughts and judgments, as well as our vision, are polluted by the sauce jar and cannot jump out of the scope of the sauce jar. Over time, most of us have lost the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, lack moral courage, and rely only on emotions and intuition to react to everything, and can no longer think. The value of all actions is based on the moral and political standards in the sauce jar. Therefore, there is no right or wrong, no right or wrong. In such an environment, the understanding of things is seldom further understood and analyzed. After a long period of perfunctory work, there was finally a general retribution, that is, the "Opium War". Bai Yang, "Chinese and Sauce Jar").
Why can sauce jar culture be practiced for thousands of years? There are many reasons, and not being used to correcting mistakes is also one of the important reasons. Mr. Bai Yang's "Ugly Chinese" said it well: "Chinese people are not accustomed to admitting mistakes, but have 10,000 reasons to cover up their mistakes." There is a saying: think behind closed doors. Whose did you think about it? Think about each other's mistakes! ”
It is always harder to transform yourself than to forbid others. (Lu Xun's "Two Essays on Jieting").
In addition to the bunch discussed above, the Chinese also have two sample things, that is, "concealment" and "deception" summarized by Mr. Lu Xun, and they can also find reasons, such as using Mencius's words as a shield, in fact, they are just fooling themselves and deceiving themselves, see Lu Xun's "On Opening Your Eyes" in 1925.
When Lu Xun first looked at the faces of foreigners, he felt that there was something more, a little awkward, but the "wild animals" were indeed very civilized. Lu Xun felt that there was something missing from the faces of the Chinese, and although there was something good or bad, there was nothing wrong, and they were all killed as domestic animals or sauced. Foreign officials and civilians are in the cage of the system and the law, and we pay great attention to education and consciousness, and there are cages, but there are still many loopholes, which allow the barbarism of domestic animals to succeed.
Filial piety is a natural thing. Filial piety in filial piety has become the foundation and core of Chinese culture, and even advocates foolish loyalty and foolish filial piety, which is inseparable from the advocacy of the ruling class in successive dynasties. They want their subjects to be obedient like their children, so as to facilitate the stability of society and the implementation of their will to rule. Filial piety has even been raised to a very absurd level, such as "Twenty-Four Filial Piety Pictures". Lu Xun said that after reading Guo Ju'er, "I not only dare not want to be a filial son anymore, but I am also afraid that my father will be a filial son." Lu Xun, "Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures").
What Lu Xun saw in the 2,000-year-old history and benevolence, righteousness and morality was two words - cannibalism. Mr. also divided the Chinese into two situations, one is to want to be slaves but can't do it, and the other is to be stable slaves. "On the one hand, they are submissive, humiliating themselves and being poor without knowing it; On the other hand, once they gain power, they will overpower their own compatriots with the rich over the poor, and double their oppression of their own compatriots. There are only two kinds of people in China: masters and slaves. Those who deal with themselves with servility are masters when they have their will, arrogant and arrogant, showing the cruelty of animal nature; When he is frustrated, he is a slave, wagging his tail and begging for mercy, but the master's order is obeyed, and he shares the surplus soup of cannibalism, showing the humility and shamelessness of the slave. ”
Unfortunately, the Chinese show the appearance of fierce beasts to sheep, and the appearance of sheep to fierce beasts, so even if they show fierce beasts, they are still cowardly people. If this continues, it must be over. (Canopy set.) It occurred to me).
Slaves look docile, but they don't represent kindness; A person who is extremely servile must be very good for his own kind. Because of the dignity they lost from their slave owners, they needed to be compensated among their kind. (Lu Xun's "Writing Under the Lamp").
In fact, China was originally a country of liars and rumor-mongers. (Lu Xun's "Collection of Extra-Collections").
I have never been afraid to speculate on Chinese with the worst malice. (Lu Xun, "In Memory of Liu He Zhenjun").
Human nature is sometimes complex, such as being conservative and destructive. Lu Xun said
As long as it's always like this, it's a treasure. Even if it is nameless and swollen, if it is born in the body of a Chinese, it will be 'red and swollen, as bright as peach blossoms; When it festers, it's as beautiful as cheese'. The quintessence of the country is wonderful. (Reflections 3).
We Chinese are happy to destroy things that are not our own, or that we will not own ourselves. (Sequel to the Canopy Collection.) Remember the conversation).
Just because of the current very small self-interest, I am willing to secretly add a trauma to the complete big thing. Since there are many people, the trauma is naturally great, but after the defeat, it is difficult to know who is the perpetrator. (On the fall of Leifeng Pagoda again).
In 1925, Mr. Lu Xun wrote: "Although the Chinese have thought of various ideal hometowns for a living, they have unfortunately not been realized. But I found ,...... for themIt's ......prison, not afraid of the fire of the neighbor; Two meals a day, no worries about cold and hunger; There is a fixed life, and it will not hurt life; The construction is sturdy and will not collapse; Prison guard, will not be repeated; Robbers will never come and rob them. How safe it is ...... to live in itBut there's one thing missing: freedom. ”
I've seen this passage: independent thinking is still a luxury in China. If you happen to be an independent-minded person, then you have to be careful, because the vast majority of thoughtless people will stubbornly think that the thinking you are a strange and terrible monster, and that people have the responsibility, the confidence, the stamina, the means, and the time, through a lot of saliva to teach you and rescue you, until you also become a person without independent thoughts.
Lu Xun once said: "If there is a person who spits on the side of the road and squats down to watch, he will soon be able to surround a bunch of people; And if one of them screams for no reason, he will run away, and at the same time everyone may flee. Think Ahead).
In fact, the Chinese are not without self-knowledge, and the disadvantage is that some people are content with self-deception, so they do not want to deceive others. For example, a patient suffers from edema and is shy about medical treatment, hoping that others will be confused and mistakenly think that he is obese. (Lu Xun's "Standing Here") Ah Q's "Spiritual Victory Method" is more typical.
The remarks of the masters touched on many aspects of the sauce jar, and they were all profound and wonderful.
A flawed warrior is a warrior after all, and a perfect fly is just a fly after all. (The Warrior and the Fly).
There are walls everywhere in China, but they are invisible, like "ghosts hitting the wall", so that you can "touch" at any time, and those who can hit this wall, who can touch it without feeling pain, are the winners. (Lu Xun, "After Hitting the Wall", 1925).
No matter how healthy and strong the people are, they can only be meaningless materials for public display and spectators. (The Scream. Self-Order).
The masses, especially in China, are always spectators of the drama. sacrificed, if they appeared generous, they watched the tragic drama; If it seemed covetous, they watched the burlesque. In Beijing's mutton shops, there are often a few people who open their mouths to look at the sheep skinning, as if it is quite pleasant, and the benefits that human sacrifice can give them are nothing more than that. And after not being able to take a few steps afterwards, they forgot about it. (What happens after Nala leaves).
The first revolution was full and easy to do, and the second reform was the bad root of the national reform, so it was refused. Therefore, the most urgent thing after that is to reform the national character, otherwise, whether it is **, a republic, or something, although the signboard is changed, the goods are still the same, it will not work at all. (Lu Xun's "Book of Two Places").
Mr. Hu Shi said: To fight for individual freedom is to fight for the freedom of the country; To fight for the individual's personality is to fight for the national dignity of the country! A free and equal country is not built by a bunch of minions!
Feudalism has been overthrown for more than a hundred years, and there has been great progress and change in many aspects; However, the reactionary things of the backward feudal culture of 2,000 years still exist in all aspects to varying degrees, and are still in the marrow or soul of many people. There is a long way to go to clean up the sauce jar, take its essence and remove its dross, absorb all the achievements of human civilization, and establish a new or advanced culture. (0506）