In the humanities park of Pingxiang City, Jiangxi Province, there is a monument surrounded by pines and cypresses, and in the middle of the monument is a bust sculpture of a revolutionary martyr. This revolutionary martyr is Zhang Guoshu, who was the secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. In front of the monument, a couplet of "The will is not rewarded, the body dies first, the blood of the Ganjiang River is full of tears, and the soul is happy to return to the Qingbo Pingshui gurgling love", which highly summarizes Zhang Guoshu's life and death.
Zhang Guoshu was born on September 24, 1905 in Shangli County, Jiangxi Province, in a family of bureaucratic landlords. His father, Zhang Pengxiao, was a well-known village sage in Bagong and western Jiangxi in the late Qing Dynasty, and served as the governor of Xiangshan County, Zhejiang, and the director of the Jiujiang District Procuratorate. Zhang Guoshu studied in primary school in Xiangshan County, Zhejiang Province with his father when he was a child, returned to his hometown Shangli County in 1916 to study in Lijiang Higher Primary School, and was admitted to Pingxiang County High School in 1923.
In 1924, Zhang Guoshu and his classmate Zhong Bangwu went to the Anyuan Road Miners' Club to engage in propaganda work as student representatives of Pingxiang Middle School, and began to contact and gradually establish revolutionary ideas. In the winter of the same year, Zhang Guoshu was introduced by Wang Zekai, secretary of the Anyuan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, to join the "CY" group (Youth League) and serve as the secretary of the Anyuan Road Miners' Club. The following year, he joined the Communist Party of China.
In 1925, the Anyuan Road Miners' Club was closed down by the reactionary authorities in collusion with warlords, and Huang Jingyuan, a member of the Anyuan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, deputy director of the Workers' Club, and leader of the labor movement, was arrested and shot, and a large number of workers were dismissed. In the midst of this white terror, Zhang Guoshu instigated the students of Pingxiang Middle School to strike in solidarity with the Anyuan Road miners' movement, expressed his strong support to the Anyuan Road mine authorities, and donated all the money from his home for his education to the families of the dismissed workers, so he was wanted by the Anyuan Road mine authorities. In the same year, the Anyuan Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China established a party group in Pingxiang County, with Zhang Guoshu as the first leader. In 1926, the Pingxiang Special Branch of the Communist Youth League was established, and Zhang Guoshu served as a propaganda member, responsible for the propaganda and training of the League, actively organizing progressive students from Pingxiang Middle School to give speeches, participating in revolutionary activities such as expelling reactionary teachers and serving as guides for the Northern Expeditionary Army's attack on Pingxiang. After the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Pingxiang, Zhang Guoshu participated in the preparatory work of many revolutionary groups, and served as an executive member and standing committee member of the Kuomintang county party department, and chairman of the county federation of trade unions.
At the beginning of 1927, upon the recommendation of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China sent Zhang Guoshu to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union.
In 1929, Zhang Guoshu returned from the Soviet Union, assumed the pseudonym Zhou Zhide, and served as an inspector in various districts of Shanghai. During this period, he married Yan Bifang, a member of a yarn factory in Shanghai.
In late November of the same year, the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was destroyed due to the betrayal of traitors, and Wang Jianhua, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Zhang Shixi, Inspector of the Provincial Party Committee, and Hu Zishou, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee Working Committee, were killed by the enemy. In December, Wu Dao, director of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee and Secretary-General of the Provincial Party Committee, escaped.
1. Feng Ren, inspector of the provincial party committee, reported in writing to the Communist Party of China in Shanghai the destruction of the provincial party committee, and suggested that the new provincial party committee should be organized to lead the work of the whole province immediately. On January 1, 1930, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China held the 112th Standing Committee to discuss the issue of rebuilding the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, and put forward several reconstruction plans, but no resolution was formed. It was not until March that the Communist Party of China sent Zhang Guoshu and a group of other cadres back to Jiujiang to rebuild the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee, and entrusted them with the main task of unifying the leadership of the party organizations in Jiangxi Province, mobilizing urban workers to cooperate with the main Red Army and local peasant armed forces, attacking Ganzhou, Ji'an, Nanchang, Jiujiang and other cities, realizing the seizure of power in the whole province, and promoting the arrival of the revolutionary upsurge in Jiangxi.
In March 1930, the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was re-established in Jiujiang, with Zhang Guoshu as Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee, Ye Shou as Director of the Organization Department and Secretary of the Working Committee, Xu Heyun as Secretary-General, and Xu Shaojie as Secretary of the Provincial Youth League Committee. The office is located in a rice shop at Jiujiang No. 4 Pier.
During the nearly three months that Zhang Guoshu served as secretary of the provincial party committee, revolutionary struggles surged in various parts of Jiangxi, and the spark of revolution quickly developed into a prairie fire. During this period, the Jiangxi Provincial CPC Committee was very concerned about the armed secession of the southwestern Jiangxi Soviet region and the northeastern Jiangxi Soviet region in Jiangxi. For example, the provincial party committee gave great support and assistance to the Xinjiang Military and Political School of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army founded by Fang Zhimin and Shao Shiping, sent a large number of outstanding military cadres and military instructors to the Xinjiang Military and Political School, and sent 11 military cadres to the Soviet region in northeastern Jiangxi, making great contributions to the development and expansion of the Red Army in northeastern Jiangxi. approved the merger of the two special commissions of western and southern Gansu; agreed to establish the Southwest Jiangxi Soviet**; Intelligence and military maps were provided to the Soviet districts through various relations.
The fruitful work of the new Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee has caused panic among the Kuomintang authorities, who have offered tens of thousands of oceans in rewards and demanded that all localities must arrest and bring to justice "the leader of the country, Zhou Zhide." In mid-May 1930, when an agent of the Kuomintang 18th Division Training Office was on a reconnaissance mission in Jiujiang, he discovered that there were Communist activities in the local area, so he reported to the division's Political Training Office, which in turn reported to the Kuomintang Nanchang Garrison Headquarters. Zhang Huizan, then commander of the Kuomintang Nanchang Garrison Headquarters, immediately ordered Xu Yedao, director of law enforcement, to lead dozens of armed plainclothes agents and CCP traitors Pang Yunfei and Wang Lisheng to Jiujiang to crack down on the Communist underground organization and search for Communists and revolutionary comrades. In late May, the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was once again sabotaged by Kuomintang spies, and more than 50 people, including Zhang Guoshu, Xu Heyun, Ye Shouxin, Xu Shaojie, and Yan Bifang, were imprisoned one after another. Xu Heyun, Ye Shouxin, Xu Shaojie and other 9 people immediately rebelled.
After Zhang Guoshu**, the Kuomintang authorities learned that he was the secretary of the provincial party committee, and heard that he was the brother of the "** leader" Zhang Guotao, thinking that they had caught a "big fish". As a result, the enemy used both soft and hard tactics to get information from Zhang Guoshu about the activities of the CCP organizations at all levels in Jiangxi. They first promised to be ** Houlu in an attempt to lure Zhang Guoshu down, claiming that as long as he publicly declared his separation from the Communist Party, not only would he and Yan Bifang be exempted from all culpability, but also a rich bounty. Zhang Guoshu was furious when he heard this, and sternly refused. The enemy couldn't make a plan, so he made another plan, and asked the traitors Pang Yunfei and Wang Lisheng to go to the prison with good wine and food to persuade them to surrender, but they were scolded by Zhang Guoshu: "You soft bones, shameful traitors, get out of my way, one day the revolution will be won, and none of you will be able to escape!" Seeing that they could not do it, the Kuomintang authorities put Zhang Guoshu in the heaviest handcuffs and leg irons, and tortured him day and night in an attempt to make him submit physically and mentally. In the face of the enemy's severe torture, Zhang Guoshu did not give in, never confided a word about the party, and even denied that he was Zhang Guotao's younger brother. Yan Bifang, who was the same time as Zhang Guoshu, never said a word in the face of the enemy's torture and coercion and temptation, and stared at the enemy who came to persuade him to surrender with anger in his eyes, without the slightest wavering.
The loyalty and unyielding loyalty of Zhang Guoshu and Yan Bifang made the Kuomintang authorities helpless. The Kuomintang authorities secretly ordered Zhang Huizan to kill the wrong person rather than let it go, and secretly executed the Communists who refused to give in. At midnight on July 5, 1930, Zhang Guoshu and his wife were killed in prison by the Kuomintang authorities. After the enemy hanged Zhang Guoshu, his body was put into a sack and sunk into the Ganjiang River; Yan Bifang was brutally beheaded by the enemy and brutally corpsed in the streets of the city for three days. According to the "Nanchang Evening News" at the time, "* The leader Zhou Zhide and others were executed. ”
According to Zhang's genealogy, after Zhang Guoshu**, Zhang Pengxiao, who was the chief secretary of the Nanchang Highway Department at the time, worked with the underground organization of the Communist Party of China to find Chiang Kai-shek's Nanchang Xingying First Hall Director Wang Youyong, Director of the Third Department Cheng Maoxing and other Kuomintang dignitaries to try to rescue, but because the incident happened suddenly, the killing was too fast, and the rescue did not have time to be launched.
Zhang Guoshu died heroically for the revolution, but he was not posthumously recognized as a "revolutionary martyr" by the party and ** for a long time. The main reasons are: first, Zhang Guoshu used the pseudonym "Zhou Zhide" when he died, and his family did not know at all, and could not find proof of his sacrifice for the revolution; the second is that he is Zhang Guotao's younger brother, and his death has not attracted people's attention; The third is that he has "committed a mutiny". The main grounds for saying that he had "committed a mutiny" were: (1) From July 18 to 23, 1930, the eighth page of the Nanchang Evening News published the "Declaration of Leaving the Party" signed by Zhang Guoshu in three times. (2) A traitor who was executed by the people, Ye Shouxin (director of the Organization Department and secretary of the Working Committee of the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1930), wrote in his confession before his death: "Ye Shouxin surrendered and confessed after being deceived by Pang Yunfei, Xu Yedao and his lover Sun Yiping, and arrested Zhang Guoshu, secretary of the provincial party committee, and his lover Yan Bifang. Zhang Guoshu arrested Xu Shaojie again. At this point, the provincial party committee was completely destroyed. (3) The "Name List of Captures" in the second volume of the archives of the Nanchang Garrison Command "The Second Time the Headquarters Cracked the Jiangxi ** General Organ in Jiujiang" records: "Name: Zhang Guoshu (pseudonym Zhou Zhide); Gender: Male, age 26; Nationality: Pingxiang; Occupation: Moscow student; **Status: Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee; **Date: May 27, 193; Clues: Xu Shaojie, Zhang ** later arrested Xie Tiegen (pseudonyms Ding Baoqing, Wang Zan). In fact, the "Declaration on Leaving the Party" could not be used as the basis for Zhang Guoshu's rebellion, because the enemy at that time often used forged and despicable means to deceive the masses and try to disrupt the revolutionary front. Moreover, this "Statement on Leaving the Party" was only publicly released 13 days after Zhang Guoshu was killed, and its authenticity is even more questionable. The latter two materials also contradict each other: Ye Shouxin's confession said that "Zhang Guoshu pointed out that Xu Shaojie was arrested", but the Nanchang Garrison Command's "Capture ** Name List" recorded that Xu Shaojie sold Zhang Guoshu. And it's all enemy material, so it's not enough to be founded.
In September 1984, the staff of the Party History Office of the Pingxiang Municipal Party Committee and the Anyuan Road Miners' Movement Memorial Hall, which were responsible for the preparation of the Pingxiang Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall, went to Beijing to ask Kong Yuan, a member of the Pingxiang ** Advisory Committee, to review the outline of the Pingxiang Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Hall and ask him to write the name of the memorial hall. Kong Yuan happily agreed to both requests. But when he saw that Zhang Guoshu's name was not included in the exhibition outline of the memorial hall, he was very indignant and said to the staff: "Zhang Guoshu sacrificed for the revolution, and we living people want to say a fair word for these comrades who sacrificed back then!" ”
On September 26, 1985, Kong Yuan met with Wan Shaofen, secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial CPC Committee, at the Jingxi Hotel in Beijing, and specifically discussed some of his views on the propaganda of Zhang Guoshu and other figures in the history of the party in Pingxiang. He said: "Zhang Guoshu is Zhang Guotao's younger brother, and he is one of the earliest group members and party members in Pingxiang. You can't think that Zhang Guotao has a problem and just say that he has a problem. In 1927 he was sent to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow. After graduating in 1930, he returned to China and was sent back to Shanghai (probably around the Third Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee),* and sent him to Jiangxi as secretary of the provincial party committee. The party organization in Jiangxi was badly damaged during the Great Revolution, and it was very difficult for him to work when he came, but in fact he came to restore the organization of the provincial party committee. Soon after he arrived in Jiangxi, he was killed by the enemy. I was working in an organization at the time, and because of my work, I kept an eye on it. Later, some materials said that after he **, the enemy killed him, put him in a sack and threw him down the Ganjiang River. From 1931 until last year, when anyone who came to see me talked about this subject, I always had the impression that he had sacrificed, and he had died heroically. People from Pingxiang said that they later found a newspaper and did not sign up, saying that Zhang Guoshu had written a letter of surrender and published it in the newspaper. At that time, the Kuomintang secret service often adopted this method, what is called collective surrender, write a name, some of them did not sign at all, and some of them were signed by their parents and brothers at home, and forged a letter of surrender, especially for those who performed well and fought tenaciously after the first time, in a vain attempt to adopt this method to shake him, saying that the Communist Party will not believe you. So, for those things, some are true, some are not credible, and they are the provocation and conspiracy of the enemy. From 1931 to 1984, there is no material to prove that Zhang Guoshu surrendered and defected. Now find out what kind of newspaper it is, it may be a forgery, or it may be genuine, and whether or not it surrenders will have to be analyzed. This is not Zhang Guoshu's problem alone, it is related to the influence of the party, and we should not be fooled. ”
In order to find out the problem of Zhang Guoshu, Kong Yuan not only found Cheng Zihua, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), who was familiar with Zhang Guoshu at the time, to understand the situation, but also found Yang Shangkun, who was a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China and vice chairman of the Military Commission at that time. Because Yang Shangkun and Zhang Guoshu are classmates of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, after returning to China, Yang Shangkun has done organizational work in ** for a period of time, and knows that Zhang Guoshu's situation is very familiar, and he also knows that after Zhang Guoshu returned to China, he was sent to work in Jiangxi under the pseudonym "Zhou Zhide", and confirmed that after Zhang Guoshu**, the enemy had lured him to surrender with **Houlu, but Zhang Guoshu sternly refused. The enemy tortured him again, but Zhang Guoshu and his wife were unyielding, regarded death as home, and refused to expose the party's secrets until death, and finally both husband and wife were killed in Jiujiang. Yang Shangkun said: "Zhang Guotao is Zhang Guotao, Zhang Guoshu is Zhang Guoshu, our party has always sought truth from facts, Zhang Guoshu's pseudonym Zhou Zhide was taken by Comrade Li Lisan, we should correct his name and restore his reputation." ”
After a lot of investigation and research, Kong Yuan wrote a letter to Feng Wenbin, director of the CPC ** Party History Data Collection Committee, on July 31, 1986. The letter said: "In the early thirties, I worked in the ** organization department, knew some of Zhang's situation, and felt that it was my responsibility to help the organization figure out the problem. Shang Kun (a classmate of Zhang Zao-soviet in Russia) was also working in Shanghai in the early thirties, and not long ago, I met him and talked with him about the issue of Zhang Guoshu, and he remembered as clearly as I did the same as I did about the situation that the party organization knew at that time: Zhang Guoshu died in Jiangxi and did not destroy the party organization, and he thought that he should be listed as a revolutionary martyr ......The basis for saying that Zhang Guoshu has betrayed the party is only some hostile materials. These materials are contradictory, flawed, and untrustworthy. ”
Feng Wenbin attached great importance to Kong Yuan's letter, and immediately commented on the letter: "I completely agree with Comrade Kong Yuan's analysis and opinions on the Zhang Guoshu issue, because his views are well-founded and his analysis is reasonable. And on August 4, he forwarded the letter to Wan Shaofen, secretary of the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China. On August 29, Wan Shaofen instructed: "Please contact the Provincial Party History Office and the Pingxiang Municipal Party Committee to properly handle this problem and report the results to the Standing Committee." ”
Due to the great attention of Yang Shangkun, Kong Yuan, Cheng Zihua, Feng Wenbin and other veteran comrades and the Jiangxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the presentation of supporting materials, on November 20, 1986, with the approval of the Jiangxi Provincial People, Zhang Guoshu and his wife were posthumously recognized as revolutionary martyrs. The heroic souls of the martyrs under the Nine Springs were finally comforted.
*: "Party History Wenyuan" 2020 Issue 11, authors Li Changqing, Li Cunhua, Yi Wenhao.