The fertility of somatic cell hybrid offspring of plants is one of the important topics in plant research. Plant somatic cell hybridization refers to the use of plant cell culture technology to fuse the somatic cells of two different plants in vitro to produce hybrid offspring. This method can overcome the isolation barriers between plants that are difficult or impossible to hybridize in nature, and expand the scope of plant hybrid breeding, but the fertility of hybrid progeny has always attracted much attention. In this paper, we will discuss the principle, definition, influencing factors, research status and prospects of somatic cell hybridization in plants.
1. The principle of plant somatic cell hybridization Plant somatic cell hybridization refers to the use of plant somatic cell culture technology to fuse the somatic cells of two different plants into a hybrid body, and then obtain hybrid offspring through somatic cell ** and regenerative plant cultivation technology. This method can break through the interspecific isolation barrier of traditional hybridization and realize cross-breeding between different plant species, which is of great significance for plant genetic improvement and new variety breeding.
2. Definition of fertility The fertility of plant somatic cell hybrid offspring refers to whether the offspring produced by it can carry out sexual reproduction normally and obtain fertile offspring. For plant somatic cell hybrid offspring, fertility problems are usually manifested as reproductive disorders, sterility or partial sterility, which may be caused by factors such as unstable chromosomal composition and genomic imbalance of heterozygotes.
3. Influencing factors.
1.Chromosomal composition: Plant somatic hybrid offspring often have an unstable chromosomal composition, which can lead to reproductive disorders due to mismatch in the number or structure of chromosomes.
2.Genomic imbalance: Genome combinations between different plant species may lead to genomic imbalance, which in turn affects the fertility of hybrid offspring.
3.Environmental factors: The growth environment may also have an impact on the fertility of plant somatic cell hybrid offspring, such as changes in environmental factors such as temperature, light, and moisture may have an impact on the plant reproductive process.
4. Research status At present, a lot of research work has been carried out on the fertility of plant somatic cell hybrid offspring. Through in-depth research on the genetic and reproductive characteristics of hybrid offspring, the genetic mechanism and molecular basis of fertility in plant somatic hybrid offspring were revealed. At the same time, the use of biotechnology, such as genome editing technology, also provides a new way to solve the problem of plant somatic cell hybrid progeny.
5. Prospect With the deepening of plant somatic cell hybridization technology and molecular biology research, the understanding of the fertility of plant somatic cell hybrid progeny is also increasing. In the future, the molecular mechanism of fertility can be further revealed through in-depth research on the genetic mechanism, genome composition and epigenetic regulation of plant somatic cell hybrid offspring, so as to provide more theoretical and practical support for solving the problem of plant somatic cell hybrid progeny.
In summary, the fertility of plant somatic cell hybrid offspring is a complex biological topic, and its fertility is affected by many factors. Through the in-depth study of the genetic and reproductive characteristics of plant somatic cell hybrid offspring, as well as the use of biotechnology, we can provide more theoretical and practical support for solving the problem of plant somatic cell hybrid progeny, and promote the development of plant genetic improvement and new variety breeding.