What are the six major protections for minors.
On June 1, 2021, the revised "People's Republic of China for the Protection of Minors**" came into force, which is China's first comprehensive and comprehensive basic law specifically protecting the rights of minors. The "People's Republic of China for the Protection of Minors**" puts forward the "six major protections" for minors, namely family protection, school protection, social protection, network protection, ** protection, and judicial protection. The "Six Major Protections" provide strong legal safeguards for better protecting the healthy growth of minors.
1. Family protection
It clarifies the 10 aspects of duties that guardians should perform, including providing care for minors in terms of life, health, and safety; Educate and guide minors to abide by discipline and law, be diligent and thrifty, and develop positive ideological character and behavioral habits. It also lists 11 categories of prohibited sexual acts by guardians, including illegally giving minors for adoption or committing domestic violence against minors; Allowing minors to indulge in the Internet, etc.
Legislative significance: Strengthen family protection, refine family guardianship responsibilities, and use the law to clarify the responsibilities that minors' parents or other guardians should perform and the acts that must not be carried out.
2. School protection
It stipulates that schools shall not arrange for minors to participate in commercial activities, sell goods to minors and their guardians, require them to purchase designated goods and services, provide paid course tutoring, and so forth. It stipulates that schools should establish a work system for the prevention and control of student bullying and a work system for the prevention and sexual harassment of minors.
Legislative significance: "Prevention of school bullying" is legislated, clarifying the role and obligations of schools in the prevention and control of school bullying, and reflecting the country's confidence in preventing school bullying.
3. Social protection
It clarifies the system for inquiring into and prohibiting the employment of minors in close contact, and stipulates that when units with close contact with minors recruit staff, they shall check with the public security organs and people's procuratorates whether the applicants have a record of illegal or criminal activities such as harm, abuse, trafficking, or violent harm; Where it is discovered that they have a record of the conduct described above, they must not be hired, the purpose is to prevent illegal and criminal elements who have committed acts against minors from entering the relevant industry.
Legislative significance: Advocating pluralistic participation in society, clearly delineating the responsibilities of each social entity, and creating a positive social environment for the healthy growth of minors.
4. Network Protection
It clarifies the system for online games to be subject to special approval, and stipulates that the state establishes a unified electronic identity authentication system for minors in online games. Make comprehensive regulations on the management of online information, the protection of minors' personal online information, the prevention and control of online addiction, and the prevention and response of cyberbullying and harm.
Legislative significance: Prevent minors from becoming addicted to the Internet, preliminarily construct a legal basis for the protection of minors online in our country, and realize all-round online and offline protection for minors.
5. Judicial protection
It clarifies that public security, procuratorates, courts, and judicial administrative departments shall designate specialized agencies or designate specialized personnel to be responsible for handling cases involving minors. Emphasizing the legal supervision of the people's procuratorates, where the public interest of minors is involved, the people's procuratorates have the right to initiate public interest litigation. The people's procuratorate may also urge and support the initiation of litigation.
Legislative significance: Further emphasize the specialization of judicial organs, put forward higher requirements for judicial organs, and strive to achieve full coverage of the protection of minors in the judicial sector.
6. Protection
It stipulates that when the guardian of a minor is unable to perform his or her guardianship duties, the State shall assume the guardianship duties. It stipulates seven types of situations in which the civil affairs department shall assume the duties of temporary guardianship on behalf of ** and five types of situations in which the state shall assume the duties of long-term guardianship.
Legislative significance: It reflects the determination to do a good job in the protection of minors, is conducive to the integration of resources of various departments, gives play to the responsibilities of unified guidance and coordinated advancement, and achieves the effect that the whole is greater than the sum of its functions.
The protection of minors is everyone's "common responsibility", and it is necessary for the "six major protections" to work together, integrate with each other, cooperate with each other, and promote each other, so as to build a safer and more comprehensive "firewall" to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of minors and ensure the healthy growth of minors.
*: Sichuan Provincial Center for the Protection of Minors.