"Historical Records" records, who is Dayu
Foreword: Xia is the first slave dynasty in the history of our country, which was developed by the union of multiple tribes, and was staggered with other tribes in ancient China. In the Tang Yao and Yu Shun periods, Yu, the leader of the Xia clan, ascended to the throne because of his meritorious work in controlling water.
However, Western historians are skeptical of this, believing that the Xia Dynasty did not exist. I opened the "Historical Records" and repeatedly studied the history of that period, and found that Dayu's exploits in the past 13 years are a world-class feat even today.
Dayu is really unbelievable, and even makes people suspect that he has traveled back from modern times. It is no wonder that Western historians are reluctant to admit this history, is their understanding shallow, or does Dayu really not exist?
Although there are not many words about Dayu in the Historical Records, I found after in-depth research that although Sima Qian only used a small paragraph of text to describe Dayu, the amount of information in it is huge, and if it is expanded, it can be written into an epic blockbuster.
The Records of the Historians was created by Sima Qian, who inherited the work of writing the Spring and Autumn Period, and he presided over the work of changing the Zhuan calendar to the summer calendar since the Qin and Han dynasties. Before he started writing the "Historical Records", Sima Qian spent it.
Four or five years to sort out the historical books.
In the "Historical Records", Dayu is described as a man rather than a god. Dayu is the second "person" in ancient Chinese myths and legends, because in the previous five emperors, the first four are half-human and half-gods with "divinity", to Shun's generation, has completely transitioned from God to people, but until Dayu, it has the characteristics of "perfect people".
Sima Qian's five emperors have their own characteristics, such as the Yellow Emperor has the divinity of knowing the world, Emperor Gao Yang is quiet and steady, and the Emperor Gao Xin is deaf and clear-sighted, can understand the situation in the distance, can gain insight into subtle matters, Emperor Yao is as virtuous as the sky, wise as a god, rich but not proud, noble but not indulgent, and Shun is a native of Jizhou, his father is ignorant, his mother is stubborn, and his younger brother is unruly, they all want to kill Shun, but Shun acts respectfully, never violates the way of being a son, loves brothers, and is filial to his parents.
Starting from Shun, the administrators of the world have completely transitioned from legendary gods to people.
On the evening of October 15, 2021, the new original costume drama "Dayu Controls the Water" launched by the Gansu Provincial Long Theater premiered in Lanzhou. In the play, Dayu is portrayed as a perfect person who surpasses Shun, and he has many virtues, including being sensitive to others, abiding by morality, and being benevolent and amiable.
Before him, only Yao possessed these characteristics. Sima Qian specifically pointed out this point, implying that Dayu had been freed from Yao's "wealth". Later in the "Historical Records", it is mentioned that he was frugal in food and clothing, tried his best to honor ghosts and gods, lived in a humble house, and used his wealth to control the rivers.
Dayu not only abides by morality, he is also a perfect example of consistent words and deeds, his voice and body are standard rhythms and scales. In the process of 13 years of water control, Dayu not only dredged the river, opened the mountain road, but also helped the people to plant rice, distribute rice seeds, help the people who lack food, inspect the products and mountains and rivers in various places, stipulate the tribute paid to the Son of Heaven in various places, and inspect the traffic situation when the princes pay tribute, with mountains and rivers as the natural boundary, China was divided into nine states at that time: Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou.
Dayu's water control cause shocked the world, his deeds are emotional, and his achievements are unparalleled.
1.After investigation, it was found that the root cause of the flood in Pingyang, the capital, was the great urgency of the Yellow River, which prevented the water of the Fen River, which should have been discharged into the Yellow River, and formed a retention.
Therefore, he led the people to dredge the river channel from Hukou to Longmen, widened the narrow part, and changed the flood dam of the Yellow River blocking the Fen River into a flood that led to the catharsis, and fundamentally solved the flood problem in the capital.
2.Dayu started from the capital city of Puban (now Huozhou), treated the floods, dredged the Yellow River from Hukou to Longmen, changed the direction of the river flow against the current, cleared the silted sediment, and solved the flood problem of the capital Pingyang.
At the same time, it also enabled the entire Fenhe Plain to obtain high-quality land (Taiyuan) and promoted the development of agriculture. 3.Dayu started from Jizhou, passed through Hukou, governed Liangshan and Qishan, and then repaired Taiyuan and arrived in Yueyang.
Through on-the-spot investigation and accumulation of experience, he found the source of the flood, solved a series of flood problems, and created conditions for the people to live and work in peace and contentment. 4.Dayu to control the water, starting from the flood in the Fenhe Plain, he conducted an in-depth investigation, found the root cause of the flood, and then took measures to dredge the river, change the direction of the flood, and solve the flood problem in the capital.
This process is an accumulation of experience and practice, and it is also the beginning of the story of "Dayu's water control".
3. "Diyuan Jiuchuan, dredge water sources": This is a huge water conservancy project, presided over by Dayu. When he was managing the Fen River, he dredged tributaries such as Changshui and Weishui by the way.
Then, he channeled nine major rivers, which is equivalent to sorting out all the water systems in China, and is known as "Daojiuchuan". The project also included the excavation and preparation of nine large lakes to store and regulate water sources.
These measures provide a stable and reliable source of water for agricultural production and make people's lives more abundant.
Ancient Chinese transportation route map 4, the Yu era of water and land simultaneously. At that time, the tribute route of the Toyi tribe in the northeast of Jizhou was to detour to the west of Jieshi Mountain and enter the Yellow River; The tribute route of 沇 (兖) Prefecture was from Jishui to Luoshui (tà) and then to the Yellow River; Qingzhou is transferred from Wenshui to Jishui; Xuzhou is to take the waterway through Huaishui, Surabaya, and then turn into the Yellow River; Yangzhou is through the sea, the Yangtze River into the Huai River, Surabaya; Yuzhou enters the Yellow River through Luoshui; Yongzhou is to take the waterway from the bottom of the Jishi Mountain, downstream to the West River between the Longmen Mountains, and gather in Weishui Bay.
But not all waterways are connected. For example, when Jingzhou pays tribute, it passes through the Yangtze River, Tuoshui, Shuishui, and Hanshui, and then changes to a land route and then enters Luoshui, and then turns into the Nanhe; The tributes of the weaving bark people of Liangzhou were transported from the Xirong West Slope Mountains through Huanshui, then transported by diving boats into the 沔 (miǎn, free) water, then walked a mountain road into Weishui, and finally crossed the Yellow River to the capital.
In the past, flooding made it difficult to form transportation on many lands, and land transportation after flood control became increasingly important. So, while controlling the water, Dayu opened up nine mountain roads: one started from Huangshan and Qishan to Jingshan and crossed the Yellow River.
One runs from Hukou Mountain and Leishou Mountain to Taiyue Mountain. One is open from Zhuzhu Mountain and Xicheng Mountain to Wangwu Mountain. One from Taihang Mountain, Changshan all the way to Jieshi Mountain, into the sea and connected with the waterway.
One from the west slope mountain, Zhu Yuan Mountain, bird and mouse mountain all the way to Taihua Mountain. One runs from Bear's Ears Mountain, Waifang Mountain, and Tongbai Mountain to Negative Tail Mountain. One runs from Lingzuka Mountain to Jingshan Mountain.
One runs from Neifang Mountain to Dabie Mountain. One runs from the south of Wenshan to Hengshan, crosses the Jiujiang River, and finally reaches Shishikihara Mountain. In this way, Kyushu is unified, and all four borders can be inhabited.
Nine mountain ranges opened roads, nine great rivers dredged water sources, nine great lakes built embankments, and princes from all over the world could come to the capital to meet and make pilgrimages. Of course, what Dayu has done is far more than that.
It's just dealing with nature. Next, it's time to govern people.
Dayu divides the area of the Nine Mountains Map, in order to make the level and quantity of tribute paid by all parties clearer. There is no fixed standard thing, Dayu can also handle it just right.
The land in Jizhou is white and soft, and the taxes are of the first class, sometimes the second class, and the fields are of the fifth class.
The record of Dayu's water control in the "Historical Records" is gently brought over in one page, as if it is just his daily life. However, if we look closely, we will find that even under the current conditions of science and technology, it is an extremely difficult challenge to accomplish these difficult tasks in thirteen years.
After all, this is equivalent to transforming the entire land of China as if it were combed through a grate. Dayu is not a god, he needs to rely on tools to complete these tasks.
How was he able to dredge the country's main rivers, including tributaries, in thirteen years, without any mechanical equipment? Even if it was completely dependent on manpower, was the Chinese population at that time enough to accomplish this feat?
Look at the number of people used by various dynasties to govern the river after Dayu, and we understand the answer. In addition to dredging the river, Dayu also needs to open up mountains and roads. He first started from Longshan, which is the boundary mountain between the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi and the Loess Plateau in western Shaanxi, and the watershed between the Wei River and the Jing River.
The average altitude of Longshan is 2,500 meters, and the highest altitude is more than 400 meters. Without the assistance of large machinery and equipment, it is difficult to imagine how this road can be dug with human hands alone.
Let's take a look at some of the big mountains in other mountain roads: the first mountain road is about 13 kilometers long from north to south, about 9 kilometers wide from east to west, and the highest altitude is 2096 meters; Qishan, in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, has Wei River, Yonghe River, Hengshui River, 960 1651 meters above sea level; Jing Mountain, in the southwest of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province, has an average altitude of 900 meters, with a minimum of 380 meters and a maximum of 1,439 meters.
The seventh mountain road of Jingshan, in Hubei, is about 150 kilometers long, about 20 30 kilometers wide, and 1200 1800 meters above sea level. The other mountains are not listed one by one.
Even if he didn't dig caves, how did he do it to dig up so many mountains, with a total length of more than 1,000 kilometers of mountain roads, and all by human hands? This makes us have to pay attention to Dayu's ability to use tools.
Dayu's tools don't seem to be a product of that era, he is good at using tools. Walk on the ground and ride a car, walk in the water and take a boat, walk in the mud on a sled, and walk on a mountain road with iron teeth.
He held the quasi-sum rope in his left hand and the rules and rules in his right hand, and he was also loaded with instruments for measuring the direction of the four hours. Are the structures, sizes, carrying capacity, and power of the cars, boats, and sleds he used as primitive as they are in the textbooks?
I believe that it is impossible for Dayu to finish Kyushu in thirteen years. And those measuring tools, quasi, are leveling tools; Rope is a tool for straightening; The gauge is a tool for drawing circles; Moment is a tool for drawing squares (here "rules" refers to a tool for measuring the distance of the height).
Four o'clock refers to the instrument that measures the direction of the four o'clock. These instruments, to measure mountains and rivers, must not be the size of a schoolbag. Did he get these tools from?
How do you know how to use these tools? These are all questions that make people curious and amazed.
Wangfu stone" and the legend of mountaineering shoes Dayu's wife became Wangfu stone, and his mountaineering shoes have also been passed down as a good story by later generations. Although history has always believed that Xie Lingyun is the pioneer of mountaineering shoes, in fact, the "檋" used by Dayu is the real ancestor of mountaineering shoes.
The tools used by Dayu to dredge the river and excavate the mountain road are not known now, but whether he uses it or not, his ability to complete this arduous task is undoubtedly amazing.
Several conjectures about Dayu In the face of Dayu's miraculous exploits, people put forward various conjectures. Some believe that he has the help of the gods, some believe that he has the help of aliens, and even believe that he is a futuristic person who travels back in time.
However, none of these conjectures can be scientifically explained. So, how did Dayu do all this? Regarding Dayu's true identity, some people have suggested that Dayu may just represent a tribe, and what he does may be what this tribe has been doing.
Moreover, this tribe may have existed since the time of the Five Emperors, and was responsible for dredging rivers and opening mountain roads. The time it took them may be very long, but the last thirteen years were completed by Dayu.
Conclusion: Although we cannot fully understand what Dayu did at the moment, we have reason to believe that he is not a god, an alien, or a future man, but represents a tribe and has fulfilled their mission.
This may be the most scientific explanation, but ultimately it is only our conjecture.
Shangshu Yugong", "Historical Records", "The Legend of the Grain Beam", "Notes on the Book of Water" and "The Classic of Mountains and Seas".