1979 was a very crucial year for China.
China and the United States established diplomatic relations on January 1 of that year.
From January 29th to February 5th*** visit to the United States.
On February 17, the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam began.
If you connect these points in time(Establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States on January 1 > visit to the United States from January 29 to February 5 >war on February 17).People are bound to fight against VietnamOn the American sideLenovo, but also knew that at that time, our country gathered heavy troops in the north to take precautionsUSSR
So what were the roles of the Soviet Union and the United States in the 1979 self-defense counterattack against Vietnam?
Time back to the 60s of the last century, when the Soviet Union put"Great chauvinism".It has developed into an extremely vicious hegemonism and wants to spread its model to the whole world, and China, which refuses to submit, will naturally become their most direct and realistic enemy.
They devised a plan to destroy ChinaThe first plan is to form a circular attack on China through Mongolia, India, and Vietnam;
The second plan is: take the Yellow River as the boundary, take away the three northern regions of China, establish the so-called Yellow Russia, or establish the so-called East Turkestan Republic in the northwest, and carry out regional and ethnic control against our country;
The third option is: to destroy the nuclear industry facilities in the northwest of our country;
The fourth plan is to carry out a surgical nuclear strike, and they have equipped every combat division on the Sino-Soviet and Sino-Mongolian borders with small nuclear weapons.
At the end of the 60s, nuclear war was on the verge of breaking out. Later, the United States stepped in to stop the Soviet Union from using nuclear weapons against China.
At that time, the United States believed that since China had a war conflict with the Soviet Union, the opportunity to regain China had come, and a China that was militarily strong enough to effectively contain the Soviet Union was completely in line with the national interests of the United States. Joining hands to deal with the most important enemy, the Soviet Union, was the consensus of China and the United States at that time, and it was the intersection of each other's core interests, which was also the fundamental reason for the normalization of Sino-US relations.
From Kissinger's secret visit to China in 1971 to the signing of the Shanghai Joint Communiqué between China and the United States in February 1972, China and the United States began to develop in the direction of normalizing relations.
But the three years from 1971 to 1973 were the three years in which China provided the most aid to North Vietnam on the battlefield in Vietnam, accounting for almost half of the total aid. SupposedlyWhy is it that China is friendly with the United States on the one hand, but on the other hand, it provides huge support to North Vietnam against the United States.
The reason behind the scenes is that in the face of the huge threat from the Soviet Union, China forced the United States to make concessions on the Vietnam issue as soon as possible in the form of assistance to North Vietnam and end the war as soon as possible, so as to achieve the goal of China and the United States to jointly resist the Soviet Union on a global scale, which was also the beginning of China's diplomacy"Draw a line with Su".important signs.
North Vietnamese leadersLe DuanIt was very hostile to the growing relationship between China and the United States, and only a month later, in March 1972, North Vietnam was launchedEaster Offensive。The Sino-US Shanghai Joint Communiqué was given an attitude.
Many people believe that the Vietnam War was a war in which the US military was mired in the quagmire in Vietnam, repeatedly hit hard by North Vietnam's guerrilla warfare methods, and finally ran into a bloody war and had to withdraw its troops in disgrace, but the fact is the opposite.
The North Vietnamese mobilized almost all of their armed nearly 300,000 men to launch the Easter Offensive against South Vietnam.
However, this all-out offensive was met with an unprecedentedly severe counterattack from the United States. While vigorously counterattacking the ground offensive, the US military used B-52 strategic bombers to bomb North Vietnam throughout the territory, and with the blessing of five aircraft carrier battle groups, including the Kitty Hawk, the Constellation, and the Midway, they completely blocked North Vietnam's ports.
As a result, North Vietnam's largest Easter offensive collapsed. In the end, more than 100,000 people suffered and almost completely lost the ability to fight, while the US army only suffered 300 people.
The anti-war voices in the United States, all over the country and all levels of society, forced the US military to withdraw from the war as soon as possible.
So they put forward a two-track plan for the armistice, and the North Vietnamese could not defeat the American army, so they had to send the Americans away first and then clean up the South Vietnamese leaders behind closed doorsNguyen Van Thieu
On January 27, 1973, they signed the Agreement on the End of the War and the Restoration of Peace in Vietnam. U.S. troops are withdrawing one after anotherNguyen Van ThieuHe was so angry that he couldn't do anything, and the Americans didn't want to fight, so he could only watch the Americans withdraw their troops. The Vietnam War became completely the war of the Vietnamese themselves.
In 1974, China's aid to North Vietnam began to decline, and the Soviet Union began to vigorously support North Vietnam in its rapid recovery of military power, even aiding the most advanced of the Soviet national treasure at that timeMiG-27 fighters and -75, CA-75M anti-aircraft missile systemsIt was recognized in military history as the main weapon of North Vietnam's victory over South Vietnam. Relations between North Vietnam and the Soviet Union warmed rapidly.
In April 1975, North Vietnam captured South Vietnam, but North Vietnam followed after the victoryTear up Ho Chi Minh's 1958 recognition of the Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands' statement that they belong to China! It has occupied six islands in China's Nansha Islands, and then put forward territorial claims against China on the entire Xisha and Nansha Islands!
On July 2, 1976, North Vietnam unified the whole of Vietnam, was the victory of North Vietnam inevitable? In fact, they slipped to the final victory in the gap between China, the United States and the Soviet Union.
After reunification, Vietnam wanted to dominate Southeast Asia, and the Indochina Peninsula, a strategic point linking the Indian and Pacific Oceans, was naturally an outpost for the Soviet Union to contain China and expand into Southeast Asia. The Soviet Union needed a pawn to expand in Southeast Asia, and they had what they needed from each other.
In October 1977, Vietnam held border talks with China, on the eve of reform and opening up. Maritime differences have become the focus of the unhappy breakup of the border talks. Of course, it is also an insurmountable obstacle in Sino-Vietnamese relations to this day.
On November 3, 1978, the two countries signed itSoviet-Vietnamese Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation
The USSR got what it had been longing forCam Ranh Bay, Da NangAt this time, Vietnam had become a Southeast Asian base for the Soviet Union to encircle China. Even now, cooperation between Russia and Vietnam in the South China Sea is continuing, and Russia's assistance to Vietnam is mainly aimed at aircraft carriers, Su-30 fighters, which are also cruising in the South China Sea.
In December 1978, China made a decision to reform and open up, but it met with great resistance, and Khrushchev's reforms were already a lesson from the past, and he further stiffened the economic mess left by Stalin. Moreover, even Sino-Soviet relations have deteriorated to the brink of nuclear warHowever, there are still many people in China who have illusions about the Soviet Union, are worried, fearful, and even oppose the breakthrough of the Soviet model.
This is because once it is deepened, it will not only involve the major issue of redistribution of interests, but also involve the issue of deep-seated redistribution of power.
The special period that has just ended has left the whole country in disarray, and it must be changed, but what is the way forward? The policymakers of reform and opening up naturally choose to cooperate with the United States and the West to seek the smooth progress of reform and opening up.
As soon as the war against Vietnam began, the attitude of the country was demonstrated, and those strong domestic resistance to reform and opening up had to put aside their disputes for the sake of the overall situation, which was tantamount to being cut off from the way of retreat, and they could only embark on a completely different development path from the Soviet Union together.
If China wants to reform, open up, and develop, break the situation of the Soviet Union concocting a north-south attack, and safeguard its sovereignty in the South China Sea, then it will be clear whether the 1979 war against Vietnam was a nominee.
In addition, China's attack on Vietnam is by no means only against Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia, let alone supporting the Cambodian Khmer Rouge demon Pol Pot, but for the purpose of opposing an important part of the Soviet Union's southward policy.