Future wars will be all-domain operations on land, sea, air, space, cyber, and electromagnetic space. Electromagnetic space is the only physical space to be shared by all combat entities, capable of connecting all combat domains to form a whole. The confrontation in electromagnetic space will become the focus of the war and will run through the entire process, directly determining the direction of the war. The development of electronic warfare equipment has brought about a fundamental change in the form of warfare, and it is precisely because of the tremendous power of electronic warfare equipment that all military powers in the world have spared no effort to use the cutting-edge achievements of modern information technology to develop electronic warfare equipment in order to gain technological superiority in modern warfare and to contend for dominance in warfare.
With the continuous development of information technology, the battlefield electromagnetic environment has become increasingly complex, and the intelligent technology, network technology, and anti-jamming technology in various new systems of radar and communication equipment have been widely usedTraditional electronic warfare poses serious challenges。In 2010, Mike Brown, Ph.D. of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), made it clear in his article "Spectrum Crowding and Cognitive Radar" that in a spectrum-dense environment, it is necessary to autonomously**, discover, lock, lock, To track, target, engage and evaluate any enemy target, it is necessary to change the traditional way of electronic warfare, adopt cognitive empowerment, and study new methods.
In recent years, artificial intelligence has ushered in the third wave of development, and has been widely used in speech processing, computer vision and other fields, and has the potential to evolve the information age into the intelligent age. At present, the tentacles of artificial intelligence have extended to the military field, accelerating the evolution of intelligent warfare. Among them,The collision of artificial intelligence and electronic warfare has brought out the dazzling spark of cognitive electronic warfare
Let electronic warfare "think".
If electronic warfare is to adapt to future warfare, it must "think" and deal with intelligent combat targets.
The introduction of cognitive electronic warfare has opened a new chapter in the field of electronic warfare. In order to gain the superiority of electromagnetic supremacy in future high-tech wars, all military powers in the world are making efforts to improve their own electronic warfare combat capabilities and have launched research on cognitive electronic warfare projects.
The United States was the first to recognize the opportunities that cognitive technologies bring to the development of electronic warfareSince 2010, the U.S. military has successively carried out research on cognitive electronic warfare technology with the focus on improving the cognitive capability of electronic warfare equipment, and launched a number of projects such as "adaptive electronic warfare behavior learning", "adaptive radar countermeasure" (ARC), and "cognitive jammer" (CJ). The most representative of these are the "Adaptive Electronic Warfare Behavior Learning" project launched by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in 2010 and the "Adaptive Radar Countermeasures" project launched in 2012.
The 51-month, three-phase Adaptive EW Behavior Learning project aims to detect, describe, classify, and dynamically generate countermeasures against known and unknown wireless communication systems, and then provide an accurate EW damage assessment based on the observed threat changes, as shown in the figure below. The "Adaptive EW Behavior Learning" project covers three modules: environmental perception, decision-making and action, and effectiveness evaluation of cognitive EW, constituting a complete cognitive cycle.
Adaptive Electronic Warfare Behavior Learning" project closed-loop structure.
The contractors for the three phases of the Adaptive Electronic Warfare Behavior Learning project are Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company (LMT). In the second phase, Lockheed Martin Space Systems demonstrated a technology maturity level 4 system. In the third phase, on June 20, 2016, the Adaptive EW Behavior Learning system conducted a series of flight tests at the test range, demonstrating its more intelligent spectrum combat capabilities, demonstrating the scenarios in which the airborne Adaptive EW Behavior Learning system dynamically senses, characterizes, and interferes with adaptive wireless communication threats in various tactical situations. According to Jane's Defense Weekly, the U.S. Navy is studying the application of technology developed in the Adaptive Electronic Warfare Behavior Learning program to the EA-18G (codename: Growler, Chinese: "Growler") electronic warfare aircraft.
In order to counter enemy adaptive radar systems, the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency launched the "Adaptive Radar Countermeasures" project in 2012, which was the first time to apply the concept of cognitive radar to the field of radar countermeasures. The project calls for the development of an electronic warfare capability to counter adaptive radar threats based on the observed new, unknown and uncertain radar signals in tactically relevant time frames.
During this period or after that, the United States has successively carried out a number of projects such as extreme communications, cognitive jamming machines, cognitive communication electronic warfare, handheld saboteur systems, and cognitive electronic warfare systems in the extreme radio frequency spectrum, hoping to improve its own electronic warfare combat capability and gain the initiative of electromagnetic supremacy in future high-tech wars by applying adaptive and machine learning algorithms to electronic warfare.
In September 2021, the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory issued an announcement about Project Kaiju. The project aims to develop a range of technologies and resources related to artificial intelligence and machine learning to respond to the needs of emerging integrated air defense systems and ensure future air superiority for the US Air Force. The Monster project will develop new cognitive electronic warfare technology to penetrate the enemy's new integrated air defense system consisting of multispectral sensors, missiles and other air defense facilities, and the main features include the use of open system standards, agile algorithms and process verification tools, and the development of new technologies that can be easily transplanted into active systems. The "Monster" project consists of 9 parts, covering big data generation, algorithm development, simulation, demonstration verification, capability generation and other aspects. The "Monster" project focuses on the comprehensive integration of cognitive electronic warfare technology to achieve a wider and higher-level application of cognitive electronic warfare, improve the survivability of large aircraft such as transport aircraft, bombers, tankers, and early warning aircraft in the high-end confrontation front zone, so as to realize new combat concepts, implement more diversified combat plans, and bring about changes in combat forces and combat methods.
Click to go to the book purchase page
You can buy more "National Defense Science Popularization Books".
In addition to the United States, European countries are not far behind and have stepped up research on cognitive electronic warfare. In 2020, the Russian Ministry of Defense approved plans to supply troops with RB-109A Bylina electronic warfare systems. The "Bellina" electronic warfare system uses artificial intelligence technology, which can automatically establish communication with higher-level command headquarters, battalions, and companies after deployment, and can discover and identify the enemy's electronic warfare targets and independently select the best electronic warfare means to destroy the enemy's electronic information system. In 2021, the European Union launched the "Carman Tower" project, which aims to develop airborne self-defense capabilities based on artificial intelligence and cognitive-behavioral support systems to counter a variety of current and future complex threats.
Business Intelligence and Strategy Research (BIS) published in 2019, Global Cognitive Electronic Warfare Systems Market – Analysis and Analytics, 2023-2028: Focus on Capabilities (Electronic Attack, Electronic Protection, Electronic Support and Electronic Intelligence) and Platforms (Shipborn, Airborne, Land and Space) Global Cognitive Electronic warfare system market analysis and forecast, 2023 2028: focus on capability (electronic attack, elect roni c prot e c t ion, electronic support, and electronic intelligence) and platform(n**al, Airborne, Land, and Space) reports that the global market for cognitive electronic warfare systems is expected to generate 3$85.7 billion in revenue, a figure that will increase to 9$28.4 billion, maintained at 19The compound annual growth rate of 2% is growing rapidly. In March 2021, BIS Research updated the market** and expects it to remain at 21A compound annual growth rate of 54% is growing rapidly.
To sum up, with the breakthrough of artificial intelligence technology, the world has played a song of wisdom, and the investment of various military powers in cognitive electronic warfare systems is gradually increasing, and cognitive electronic warfare theories, technologies and systems will develop rapidly.
Cognitive Electronic Warfare: Electromagnetic SpaceThe game of wisdom
Let artificial intelligence empower the best battlefield of electromagnetic space, and win invisibly!
With the empowerment of artificial intelligence, when faced with new and unknown electromagnetic signals, the cognitive electronic warfare system needs to be able to adaptively perceive the rapid changes in the electromagnetic environment of the battlefield, and be able to adaptively generate countermeasure strategies in a very short time, and independently evaluate the countermeasure effect, and further adjust the next countermeasure strategy according to the evaluation results. The development of cognitive electronic warfare technology will certainly reshape the confrontation mode in electromagnetic space, innovate the winning mechanism of electronic countermeasures, change the combat mode of troops, and optimize the operation process of equipment.
In short,Cognitive purpose of electronic warfareIt is to realize the transformation from the confrontation of point and chain targets in the past to the confrontation of networked targets, from the confrontation of known targets to the confrontation of unknown threats, and from the confrontation of open-loop and human-oriented confrontation in the past to closed-loop, human-computer interaction and autonomous decision-making.
Of course, this is the beautiful vision of all electronic warfare practitioners and officers and soldiers of electronic warfare unitsThere is still a lot of work to be done on the road to building an efficient and robust cognitive electronic warfare system
Based on this, byWang ShafeiAcademicians led the writing of "Cognitive Electronic Warfare: The Intelligent Game of Electromagnetic Space" (Wang Shafei et al. Beijing: Science Press, 20241) This popular science book. This book is aimed at scientific researchers, officers and soldiers of military units, and military enthusiasts who have a certain foundation in electronic warfare, and introduces the principles and future development trends of cognitive electronic warfare in easy-to-understand language as much as possible, so as to popularize the knowledge of cognitive electronic warfare and attract more like-minded people to devote themselves to this promising cause. The book consists of six chapters.
The first chapter introduces the conceptual connotation and development process of electronic warfare through classic examples, and analyzes the new challenges faced by electronic warfare.
Chapter 2 further elaborates on the difficulties and challenges faced by traditional electronic warfare, then explains the advantages of cognitive electronic warfare over traditional electronic warfare as a whole, and finally introduces the typical cognitive electronic warfare projects at present.
Chapter 3 introduces the intelligent perception principles of intelligent signal sorting, accurate parameter measurement and accurate attribute identification based on electromagnetic big data and intelligent algorithms in a complex electromagnetic environment, and introduces the difficulties faced by cognitive reconnaissance and possible solutions.
Chapter 4 introduces the principle of cognitive electronic warfare adaptive jamming decision-making based on the iterative development process of jamming and anti-jamming technology. Through real-time perception of changes in the electromagnetic environment and combat objects, learning in confrontation, constantly optimizing jamming strategies to achieve effective jamming.
Chapter 5 focuses on the principles of evaluating the jamming effects of cognitive electronic warfare. By analyzing the behavior changes of the adversarial target before and after the implementation of interference, the jamming effect is estimated to form an OODA loop.
Chapter 6 describes the development trend of cognitive electronic warfare system based on the current situation and development expectation of related technologies, and looks forward to the core technologies of building cognitive electronic warfare system from the aspects of system architecture, equipment form, electromagnetic array, series of chips and swarm intelligence algorithms.
This article is excerpted from "Cognitive Electronic Warfare: The Intelligent Game of Electromagnetic Space" (Wang Shafei et al.). Beijing: Science Press, 20241) The "Preface" of the book "Chapter 2 Let Electronic Warfare 'Think'", with deletions and modifications, and the title is added by the editor.
Click to go to the book purchase page
You can buy more "National Defense Science Popularization Books".
isbn 978-7-03-076398-3
Book Series Planning: Zhang Fan, Hou Junlin.
Editor in charge: Zhang Li.
Starting from the birth and development of electronic warfare, this book analyzes the new challenges faced by electronic warfare and expounds the difficulties and challenges faced by traditional electronic warfare. On the basis of the overall introduction of the concept of cognitive electronic warfare, the basic principles of cognitive electronic warfare to achieve intelligent perception, adaptive jamming and evaluation of jamming effect are described. Finally, combined with the current situation and development expectations of related technologies, the development trend of cognitive electronic warfare system is described, and the key technologies on which the development of cognitive electronic warfare depends are prospected.
This book is suitable for the general public, especially for electronic warfare practitioners, military officers and soldiers, and military enthusiasts.
Editor of this article: Liu Sidan).
Let's read the science!
Science Press WeChat ID: sciencepress-cspm
Professional quality and academic value
Original, easy to read, scientific taste
Science Press**No
Hardcore has material audiovisual science
Communication Science, welcome to light upStar, like, watching