Mushroom management is a critical period for morel mushroom production, and it is also a sprint stage for production. The young morel mushroom is extremely delicate and sensitive to environmental changes. Therefore, during the critical period of growth and development, a warm microclimate is crucial. Recently, morels in Beijing have entered the stage of mushroom management, in order to ensure high quality and high yield, the following technical guidance is put forward from the four aspects of mushroom promotion, mushroom cultivation, mushroom picking and pest control, and all planting subjects are requested to refer to the implementation.
Stimulate mushrooms at the right time according to temperature conditions
When the white frost produced in the current period automatically fades or decreases, and the weather forecast shows that the temperature is stable and the temperature in the shed can be stable above 6, pour a large amount of water to fully water the soil. In terms of environmental control, the air temperature in the control shed is 5-25, the ground temperature is above 6, the air humidity is kept at 75%-90%, and a certain amount of scattered light (500-800 le) is given during the day for 5-8 hours. After 3-5 days, if there is a primordium about 1 mm on the soil surface, crystal clear, and the size of a white needle tip, the mushroom promotion process is completed.
Finely regulate the environment and do a good job in the conservation of young mushrooms
After the formation of primordium, it is transferred to the stage of young mushroom conservation, and the environmental conditions suitable for the growth and development of primordium are: temperature 10-22, 18 is the best; The relative humidity of the air is 85%-95%, and the soil moisture content is 50%-60%; Ventilation, air flow 20-40 cm min. The young mushrooms of morels are very delicate, and until they grow and develop to the stage of 3 cm small mushrooms, they need to try to maintain a stable growth and development environment. At this time, first use a bow to prop up the mulch film in time to make the mulch film at least 08 meters. When the mushrooms have grown to more than 3 cm, gradually uncover the mulch on the small arch. Through the retraction of the quilt, the temperature in the middle of the shed and 1 meter above the ground is controlled at 5-25; Maintain air humidity at 75%-90% by spraying into the aisle or in the air; A certain amount of scattered light is given during the day (about 800 leur); When the temperature is high during the day, small ventilation should be carried out (ventilation is mainly through the top wind, not the bottom wind), 2-3 times a day, 10-20 minutes each time. As the young mushrooms grow, gradually increase the frequency and duration of ventilation.
Timely harvesting and processing to ensure commodity
It can be harvested when the morel ascomycetes grow to 10-15 cm, turn black-brown in color, and the pits in the cap are more pronounced. When harvesting, pinch the morel root with your hand and cut it along the surface with a knife. Then use a blade to scrape off the soil at the base of the ascomycete fruit stalk, put it in a fixed container, and then directly keep it fresh for sale or dry it in time for storage.
Prevention is the mainstay, and comprehensive pest control is carried out
Pay attention to ventilation during mushroom production to avoid high temperature and humidity in the shed, which can effectively prevent physiological diseases such as fruiting body deformity and dead mushrooms, and prevent infectious diseases such as Penicillium pseudopseudodermis and Fusarium. The humid environment in the solar greenhouse is prone to mushroom mosquitoes, mushroom flies, slugs, jumping insects and other pests, and the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control" can effectively control the occurrence of insect pests.
Contributed by: Beijing Municipal Agriculture and Rural Publicity Center).