Peanut, also known as peanut, is a common cash crop with rich nutritional and economic value. In China, the planting area of peanuts is extensive, and it is one of the important incomes of farmers. In order to obtain high-quality, high-yielding peanuts, the right planting methods are crucial. This article will introduce the correct planting method of peanuts in detail, in order to provide a useful reference for farmers.
1. Land selection and land preparation
1.Site selection: Choose sandy loam or light sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose soil, medium fertility or above. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid heavy cropping and peanut continuous cropping.
2.Land preparation: Before sowing, deep ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out to make the soil finely fragmented, without light and dark, so as to facilitate the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings.
Second, the selection of good breeds
Choose peanut varieties with good quality, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance and high yield. Before sowing, it is necessary to carry out treatments such as drying seeds, seed selection, and pesticide seed dressing to improve the germination rate and disease resistance of seeds.
3. Fertilization
1.Base fertilizer: Combined with the application of well-rotted organic fertilizer in land preparation, and at the same time with the application of appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer to meet the nutrients required for peanut growth.
2.Seed fertilizer: When sowing, an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer is applied into the soil together with the seeds to improve the germination rate of the seeds and the growth rate of seedlings.
3.Top dressing: During the growth period of peanuts, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers are applied in time according to the growth of the plant to promote the growth and development of peanuts.
Fourth, sowing
1.Sowing time: Choose the appropriate sowing time according to the local climatic conditions and variety characteristics. In general, sowing is done when the temperature is stable at 15 or more.
2.Sowing method: Hole sowing or strip sowing method is adopted. When sowing in holes, sow 2-3 seeds in each hole, and the distance between holes is about 20-25 cm;When strip sowing, sow 2-3 rows per furrow, with a row spacing of about 30-40 cm. The sowing depth should be 3-5 cm.
3.Seeding density: Determine the appropriate seeding density according to soil fertility and variety characteristics. In general, the sowing amount per mu is about 15-20 kg.
5. Field management
1.Check the seedlings and replenish the seedlings: after the seedlings emerge, the seedlings should be checked in time, and the lack of seedlings should be replanted or transplanted in time.
2.Cultivating and weeding: During the growth of peanuts, it is necessary to carry out cultivation and weeding in time to promote root development and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
3.Water management: Keep the soil moist by watering or draining it in a timely manner according to soil moisture and weather conditions. In the flowering and podding stage of peanuts, it is necessary to ensure that the water is sufficient.
4.Pest control: According to the occurrence of local pests and diseases, comprehensive control measures should be taken, such as the selection of disease-resistant varieties, pesticide seed dressing, biological control, etc. When the occurrence of pests and diseases is serious, chemical pesticides with low toxicity and low residue should be used for prevention and control.
5.Harvesting and storage: Harvest when the peanut plants turn yellow and the pods harden. After harvesting, it should be dried and stored in time to prevent moisture and mildew.
6. Precautions
1.In the planting process, it is necessary to avoid the use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides and fertilizers, so as not to cause harm to the environment and human health.
2.During harvesting and storage, attention should be paid to preventing moisture and mildew, so as not to affect the quality and yield of peanuts.
3.In the planting process, reasonable planting management should be carried out according to the local climatic conditions and soil characteristics to improve the yield and quality of peanuts.
4.In the process of planting, attention should be paid to protecting the ecological environment, making rational use of land resources and water resources, and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.