Do you want to know the story behind Zhou Fuqi's mourning? This Duke of Qi Ai is the fifth grandson of Taigongwang and the fifth monarch of the Qi State. In the third year of his reign, he was thrown into the Ding by King Yi of Zhou in public and boiled to death, which was a rare event in the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The history books record that he was framed by Ji Hou, but this is not true, and his crime is made out of nothing. Why is Qi indifferent to this? Why did Ji Guo occupy an important position in the Zhou Dynasty?
These questions will be answered in this time quest. Let's follow the history of Wu and explore the truth of history together.
The Kingdom of Ji, also known as "Jiguo", is rumored to be a descendant of Emperor Yan, originating from the Dongyi Jiang tribe, located in the Shouguang area of present-day Shandong. According to the bronzes and inscriptions of the Ji Kingdom unearthed in the north of Shouguang County, the Ji Kingdom has a long history, not only existed in the Shang Dynasty, but also its economic and cultural development is equivalent to that of the Shang Dynasty in the Central Plains, and it is an important Fang Kingdom.
From the oracle bone inscriptions of the Wuding period, it can be found that the leader of the ancient Ji Kingdom may have been appointed as "Jiuzheng" by the Shang king Wuding, and had a close relationship with the Shang Dynasty. However, at the end of the Yin Shang Dynasty, Gu Jiguo betrayed the Yin Shang and took refuge in the Zhou Dynasty, and was named the Marquis Ji State after the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang.
Although there are not many historical records about the Ji Kingdom, from the point of view of the excavation sites of the Ji Kingdom bronzes, the territory of the Ji Kingdom may be as far as Laiyang and Yantai on the Jiaodong Peninsula in the east, and the Bohai Sea in the north, and the area is no less than that of Qi or Lu, which indicates that the Ji State was not a weak vassal state at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.
However, in 1951, eight pieces of Eastern Zhou were unearthed in Huangxian County, ShandongHowever, it makes the history of Ji Guo more ambiguous, making it impossible to determine its true historical appearance.
country, this ancient country is only recorded in the literature as "?"., the name of the ancient country", there are no other clues. After the unearthing of the eight artifacts in Huangxian County, some scholars proposed that Ji Guohe?
The idea that a country is a country, but this raises many questions. What other scholars think? The country may be the "it" or "Yaqi" who followed the woman to the south and the north during the Wuding period, and it is not the same country as the Ji country.
However, two bronze artifacts unearthed from Yantai in 1969 "?Hou Ding" and "Jihua Father Ding", no matter Ji Guohe? Whether the country is one country or two countries, there must be a close relationship between the two ancient states.
This shows that the strength of Ji Guo at that time was far beyond our imagination, and it was not a weak small Dongyi country.
Although the state of Qi at the beginning of the Zhou dynasty was regarded as a barrier to the eastern part of the Zhou dynasty, and the first feudal monarch Taigongwang was a hero of the Zhou dynasty, fragments of the history of the state of Ji show that the state of Ji at that time may have been even more powerful than the state of Qi.
The strength of the two countries was crucial to the influence of the Ji and Qi states in the Zhou royal family. Looking back at the history of the Qi State at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, we can see the marginalized Qi State.
Taigongwang made a great contribution before and after King Wu's destruction of Shang, in the words of Taishi Gong, "the world is divided into three, and the second belongs to Zhou, and Taigong's strategy is the majority", therefore, at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, when the princes were divided, the first hero to be divided was Taigongwang, who was sealed in Yingqiu.
In order to prevent the princes from disobeying the king's orders, the king of Zhou asked them to leave their close men to take up positions in the royal family, but Taigongwang left his eldest son Lu Ling in the Zhou family and went to Yingqiu in person to seal the title.
This behavior is a bit unbelievable, because not long after the establishment of the new policy of the Zhou Dynasty, it was the moment when the "three dukes" of Zhou Gong, Taigong, and Zhaogong were needed to discuss the plan of governing the country together, but Taigongwang suddenly left Zhou. If the power of the ruler at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty was far inferior to that of Dongtu, then it was not impossible for Taigongwang to personally guard the uneven new frontier for the sake of his grandson, King Zhou Cheng.
However, what is even more strange is that the regent of Zhou Gong caused Zhao Gong to be dissatisfied, and when he wrote "Jun Zheng" to exhort Zhao Gong to work together with him, he praised three of the "Four Friends" of King Wen of Zhou, Hong Yao, Nangong Kuo, and San Yisheng by name, but did not mention Taigong Wang.
Taigong hopes that the status and merits of one of the "Three Princes" should be the "model representative" in Zhou Gong's mind, why didn't Zhou Gong mention it? Was it unintentional, or was it intentional?
Based on the fact that Taigong Wang was a relative of King Cheng of Zhou, he may have been ostracized during the regency of Zhou Gong, and left Zhou to avoid Zhou Gong's edge, or Zhou Gong deliberately excluded him from the center of power.
During the Eastern Expedition of Zhou Gong, the position of "Taishi" was held by Zhou Gong himself, not Taigongwang. After Taigongwang left Hojing, his eldest son, Lü Ling (Qi Ding Gong), took over the position of royal official, but the exact position is unknown.
In the period of King Kang of Zhou, Lü Ling assisted King Kang as a tiger ben, but in the sixth year of King Kang of Zhou, Taigongwang was seriously ill, and Lü Ling returned to Qi to succeed to the throne, and the personnel of Qi who remained in the Zhou royal family were adjusted again.
Lü Ling's sister-in-law, Lü Ji, who originally stayed in Hojing to assist King Zhou Kang, later sent his eldest son Lü Heng to Hojing to support him in order to increase the weight of "hostages". After Lü Ling's death, it stands to reason that Lü Ji should return to Qi to succeed him, but somehow he gave way to the throne to his half-brother Lü De, and he continued to stay in the Zhou room to assist the Son of Heaven conscientiously, and was named Taifu, ranking as the third duke.
Lü Heng was sent by King Kang to defend the country as an official. However, three generations later, not only the situation of Lu Ji's descendants serving in the Zhou Chamber is unknown, but even the deeds of Lu De, the third monarch of Qi State, and Lu Cimu, the fourth monarch of Qi Gui, are also impossible to verify.
However, judging from the established political structure of the two auxiliary governments of the Zhou Dynasty, "Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong", the descendants of Taigong Wang have been excluded from the "Three Princes" at some point, and their influence is not as good as before.
In the period of King Zhou Yi, the fifth monarch of the Qi State, Qi Aigong, even ended up being cooked and killed. Why did King Zhou Yi cook and kill Qi Aigong?
In the early Zhou Dynasty in ancient times, there was a shocking event, that is, "Zhou Cooking Qi Mourning Gong". According to the "Bamboo Book Chronicle", "(King Zhou Yi) three years, the king summoned the princes, and the Duke of Qi Ai was cooked in Ding"; And Taishi Gong also mentioned this matter in "The Family of Qi Taigong", "During the period of Mourning, Ji Hou reported Qi Aigong to King Zhou, and King Zhou then cooked and killed Mourning Gong, and set up Mourning Gong's younger brother Jing as King of Qi, that is, Duke Hu."
Let's ** the cause of Qi Aigong's death, according to tradition, King Zhou Yi cooked and killed Qi Aigong. However, there is an opinion that it was King Zhou Yi who actually cooked and killed Qi Aigong.
This begs the question, which King of Zhou killed Qi Aigong? Until this question is clarified, we cannot simply speculate on the cause of Qi Aigong's death based on mainstream opinion.
According to the commentary on the Legend of the Ram, the Marquis of Ji framed the Duke of Qi Ai for the crime of "violating the king's order", which was a crime clearly defined by the Zhou Dynasty, including disobeying the orders of the king of Zhou, slandering the king or rebellion, and transgressing the etiquette system.
Although the historical documents do not mention the specific crime of Qi Aigong, we can refer to the relevant provisions in the "Li Ji Royal System" and the "Chinese Zhou Yu" to understand the specific meaning of "breaking the king's order".
In the conflict between the Duke of Qi Ai and the Marquis of Ji, the Marquis of Ji may have pointed out some of the crimes of the Duke of Qi Ai, which led the King of Zhou to decide to impose the punishment of "Dapi".
The forms of the Son of Heaven worship the heavens include Mingtang Baoxiang, the southern suburbs of the heavens and Mount Tai Fengzen. Mingtang Baoxiang, also known as the temple festival, is held once a month and is small in scale; The southern suburbs worship is a more solemn ceremony, usually carried out in the southern suburbs; Mount Tai Feng Zen is to carry out sacrifices in Mount Tai.
The ancients believed that the sky was round, the circle represented the sky, and the square represented the earth, so the round altar of heaven was used when worshipping the sky, and the square altar was used when worshipping the earth. Historically, some sacrificial sites also have the form of square sacrificial sites, such as the Hongshan Cultural Altar Site in Dongshanzui, Kazuo, Liaoning Province, and the Liangzhu Cultural Altar Site of Yaoshan in Yuhang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
Although according to ancient books such as the "Zhou Li", the forms of heaven and earth sacrifices and altars in the Western Zhou Dynasty were "Yuanqiu Sacrifice to Heaven" and "Fangqiu Sacrifice Land", there is no direct archaeological evidence at present.
If the altar site of the ancient city of Chenzhuang is the "Temple of Heaven", then what is the reason why it appeared in the city? If the Zhou people changed the "suburban sacrifice" to "city sacrifice", then the situation that the Temple of Heaven and the Temple of Earth were located on the same altar was obviously not in line with the beliefs of the ancients.
Because the sacrifice to the heavens and the earth are two different objects of worship, the sacrifices and rituals are also different, for example, in modern customs, people do not kneel in the temple of Jizo Bodhisattva to send their son Kannon.
Does the altar form of the ancient city of Chenzhuang imply that it is a "Sheji Altar" rather than a "Temple of Heaven"? According to the regulations of the Zhou rites, each vassal state built a shrine and built it with five-colored soil, symbolizing that the Son of Heaven lives in the first place and commands the Quartet.
If "Mourning Gong died in the sacrifice of the heavens", then he is very likely to have committed the number "nine", because "nine" is the extreme number in the concept of the ancients, and only the Son of Heaven enjoys the privilege of using various "nine", but the historical data clearly says that Ji Hou "confessed".
Why did Ji Hou frame Qi Aigong? Judging from the archaeological remains, the capital of Ji and the capital of Qi are not more than 100 miles apart, for Ji Guo, they suddenly came to a Jiang Taigong, not to mention, but also with the power of the King of Zhou to conquer the "Five Marquis and Nine Uncles", how could they sit still and wait for death?
As for Qi Guo, if you want to expand your territory, Ji Guo is the "only way". But it is obvious that "a strong dragon can't overpower the head snake", Ji is in its prime, and it is a local native, and Qi does not have the strength to annex Ji.
Even if there were contradictions between the two kingdoms of Qi and Ji, they did not escalate to the point of attacking each other at the beginning of the week.