There is no division of traditional Chinese medicine, those who engage in traditional Chinese medicine can set up a shop to sell medicines, and those who engage in traditional Chinese medicine can also diagnose diseases by pulse, so some famous Chinese medicine practitioners in the society are actually from traditional Chinese medicine. This kind of doctors, because they have a thorough understanding of the properties of medicine, and know from the people who buy drugs that a certain medicine has a special effect on a certain disease, so their clinical effect is very good. As the days went by, the number of sick people increased, so they gave up medicine to practice medicine.
It is said that before the liberation, Lao Hai set up a loose organization of the "Two Emperors' Association" in Chongqing, and many of them specialized in selling medicine. The well-known Han Kang sells medicines, and the drug delivery industry has created a precedent of non-bargaining. However, this good precedent has been disadvantaged over time, and there has been a problem of selling drugs.
Reading the sentence "Pharmacy doctors ask for money indiscriminately" in Zhang Ji's "Quantang Poems", you can see that this trend originated very early, and it was completely caused by non-bargaining. As for the pharmacies that pass off the inferior as good, and replace the real with the false, it is even more unreasonable to "misunderstand the new prescription for rotten medicines".
The price of the pharmaceutical industry is only applicable to the relationship between the drug seller and the patient, and between the drug seller and the drug digger, it is not only necessary to bargain, but also to reduce the price and bargain. Especially before the liberation of the malignant inflation of the currency, after the drug diggers sold the medicine, the drug buyers had to pay off the money every two or three days.
At that time, the price of goods changed several times a day, which naturally made the people who sold labor even worse. Therefore, the suffering of medicine diggers is not something that outsiders can understand. There are a few ballads that describe their suffering:
"In the previous life, I was not filial to my father and mother, and in this life, I fell in the medicine shop. How many seasons he ate, how many torn clothes he wore. ”
The place where the medicine is dispensed is mostly barren mountains and mountains, and the people who dig the medicine eat breakfast in the morning and go into the mountains, and they have to come back in the evening to eat, and it is common to eat the right meal, so almost all the people who dig the medicine suffer from stomach problems.
As for dressing, it's even more pitiful. Don't say you don't have good clothes to wear, and even if you have a good dress, you don't dare to wear them. Because digging medicine, always turning around in thorns, the best and strongest new clothes will also be torn.
Therefore, the clothes of the medicine diggers are mostly good on the inside and rotten on the outside, which is called "grass cover tile". On the contrary, for those oily and slippery children, the way to wear it is called "tile cover grass".
The diggers are badly dressed, but the ones who sell the medicines are particularly well-dressedTherefore, there is a proverb among the people: "The placket piece of the placket that digs the medicine, and the silk and satin that sells the medicine" to compare its exploitation and stripping.
Why are the drug sellers so rich?
In the meantime, there are many "famous halls", in addition to the price reduction, ** sale, inferior and good, and fake for true, the discrepancies in a single lift, and the discrepancies in the bright and bright are also very considerable.
It is a "shit scale (scale)" that sells medicine, and it is not the same thing to buy one or two catties, and it is not the same thing to sell it with gold and silver. In this way, one in and one out, over time, the gap is amazingly large. And this gap should still be eaten. Just by eating, the family can live a comfortable life, not to mention other inputs.
"Golden Bottle Plum" wrote Ximen Qing who opened the pharmacy, and his penmanship is very delicate, depicting his arrest and cheating, collusion with the government, bribery and extortion, etc., all of which are vividly depicted, but the fault of the pharmacy is not written, which shows that the fault is difficult to drill. However, we can learn from the fact that the Tang Dynasty Song and Qing Dynasty sold medicine in Chang'an and became a particularly wealthy family, and the Mahang Street, where the Song Dynasty medical people lived, was also a concentration of wealthy households, and we knew that the profits of this industry were quite lucrative.
The "Naturalist Chronicles" says that fake amber can be made from hatched eggs, which should be the earliest record of counterfeit medicine. Later, the "Ancient and Modern Secret Garden" said: using sumac, comfrey, pine resin and white wax, melting and then condensing, can also be made into fake amber, in the counterfeiting method of another step.
Another example is "Wenchang Miscellaneous Records", which says that clams can be faked. "The Chronicle of the Wandering Eunuchs" said that some people in Shuangliu can use the horns of cattle to forge rhino horns. "Shiya External Edition" said: camphor and mint can be made into fake borneol, Pu Xiao can be made into fake gall inkstone, bowl beans can be made into fake pepper, pine gall and glutinous rice can be made into fake frankincense. There are also bellflower filled with American ginseng, pig blood mixed with earth red and filled with monkey knots.
And "Folk Dialect Interpretation Gu" said: "Jingshi Shaozhen medicine, atractylodes, atractylodes, magnolia, sand wopi, bamboo ru, willow poles, poria cocos, flame powder balls." ”
Through these records, it is shown that the use of fake drugs is becoming more and more intense, and the scope is wide and the methods are numerous. Even today, this phenomenon still occurs from time to time. According to the "Selected Medical Literature" and "Chinese Medicine Information" and other journals, the products found on the market are usually as follows:
Fake ginseng
There are five common ones: 1. Wild tank beans, and the pseudo ones have no reeds; 2. Native ginseng, the skin of the pseudo-one is wrinkled, yellow-brown, rough and easy to break; 3. Shanglu, bitter and fishy, with concentric circles in section; 4. Mountain lettuce, with large roots, hard quality, and easy to break; 5. Chinese ginseng, hard and easy to break, golden yellow or tan. In addition, "Lantern Paste Lantern" said that there are also ginseng filled with asparagus root.
False gastrodia
There are six kinds of common counterfeit products: 1. Lai Tuber root, broken and dull, no transverse ring pattern on the surface. 2. The tuber root of dahlia chrysanthemum is hard and not easy to break, and there is no transverse ring pattern on the surface. 3. Horse bell tuberous roots, yellow-white or yellow-brown, without transverse rings. 4. Red abalone tuber root, powdery and heavy, no transverse ring. 5. Crab beetle grass tuber, commonly known as sheep's horn gastrodia, is exaggerated, hard, and has horizontal ring lines. 6. The rhizome is very similar to gastrodia, but the surface is pink and white, and the powder cream is different.
In addition, there are still counterfeit ones such as peony root, red recruitment, Shanglu root, taro, etc., but most of them have no transverse rings, so to identify the authenticity of gastrodia, we must first look at the transverse rings, then see whether there is an eagle hook, and finally look at the transparency.
After gastrodia blooms, its tubers become hollow, some people dig this empty shell, when it is fresh, open a small hole from the head of the reed, and pour the cooked horse bell to raise powder, in order to fill the gastrodia**, although very expert people, can not distinguish, only after cooking cut and observed, will be found. However, this kind of counterfeit is troublesome to make, and it is rarely seen in the market, and I learned about it from the medicine digger.
False Chuanbei
The common counterfeit product is the mother of pearl, also known as Yi Zhijian, very similar to the real one, the outer layer is not divided into two scales, the surface is only a longitudinal groove, extending from the bottom to the top, and the powder is very little, poisonous, can not be taken internally.
False three-seven
The Panax notoginseng mentioned in the Compendium of Materia Medica, in fact, is the swelling of the "Compendium of Materia Medica", which is a plant of the Asteraceae family, also known as the soil Panax notoginseng, which is very different from the shape of the Panax notoginseng and cannot be mixed with each other. Usually pretending to be Guangsanqi, most of them are curcuma. Curcuma is larger than Panax notoginseng, about four or five times larger, and the center is blue, which is easy to distinguish.
and "Papier-mâché Lanterns" said that turmeric jade was boiled in turmeric and jingso, and after turning red, they came to pretend to be Panax notoginseng. However, Panax notoginseng is yellow-white, and the red one is obviously not this medicine.
False clams
There are two common counterfeits: one is the multi-wart gecko, which is more than half smaller than **. The second is the Hiyama iguana, which has no suction cups and webbed edges on its toes.
Fake turtle plate
Made with starch and glue, it is soft when grilled.
Fake bear bile
Made with pig and sheep gallbladder, it is bitter and hard without coolness, and it is not sweet. Sweetness is the key to distinguishing the authenticity of bears.
False blood exhaustion
Made with pig, lamb gall and rosin, it melts and smokes when grilled.
False three-legged toad
The three-legged toad, known as "meat mushroom" in ancient times, is said to be immortal after eating. According to Kou Zongshuang's "Materia Medica", he said: "It is rumored that the three-legged toad is meat mushroom, and people are the withered three-legged toad to disregard the public." But with the water fertile for half a day, its pseudo-self-seeing, cover no three-legged also. "According to some people now, some people say that the three-legged toad is a Tianqi ant.
False cordyceps
There are more than 200 kinds of Cordyceps found in the world, and there are more than 20 kinds produced in China. Among these more than 20 kinds, Liangshan Cordyceps, Northern Cordyceps, Xiangbang Cordyceps and Cordyceps sinensis are similar in shape, and some places are actually fakes.
In addition, there are bullwhips that are used to pretend to be tiger whips, especially the fur seal kidney medicine, almost since ancient times, it is used to fake seal kidneys, and occasionally walrus kidneys are used to fake it.
What's even better is that what debunks this fake is not medical literature, but romance ** "Continuation of the Golden Bottle". After repeated research, I found that the book was very correct.
There are those who sell fake medicinal materials, and there are also those who sell counterfeit medicines.
Before the liberation, there was an old man in the northeast of Sichuan who sold medicines, and his tricks and means were no less than that of the "Sichuan-Yunnan Qianpi Great Doctor".
This old man's surname is Yang, and he specializes in business in densely populated towns. Everywhere he went, first of all, his steward would come to the wharf first, set up a banquet to entertain the local tyrants, etc., and give a small gift.
Then he came, and the people who came with him selected five or six beggars on the wharf, sent them to the barber (an open-air stall) to shave their heads and wash their faces, and then changed into the costumes of the soldiers of the troupe. It is called "looking at the sky", and all kinds of golden characters are written on it to boast about it, and the glow is shining, and it is very good-looking.
In front of Wangwang", two foreign horns and one foreign drum played Ding Ding Dong and blew Di Di Da Da, swaggering all the way through the city, attracting the crowd to watch. There are two people behind the band holding a stack of pamphlets, and the cover of the pamphlet is written by Lin Sen, the chairman of the National **, and there are some ministers, provincial governors, military chiefs, department chiefs, scholars and celebrities in praise of the inscriptions, which are nothing more than sentences such as "saving (whole) I will not die" and "Hua Tuo (slippery head) reappearance". On the last page, the life of the pharmacist is typeset in lead.
After this parade through the streets, in the evening, he lit a few gas lamps in the reserved large teahouse, and illuminated them as if it were day. Under the lamp, a podium is set up, and a table surrounded by embroidered words "Pain Relief Like God" is spread on the platform, and his drummer sits on the side, playing while waiting for the tea guests to arrive.
At this time, Yang Laohai walked up to the podium with a twist, blowing a whistle in his hand, drumming and singing, and those who didn't come to eat tea also came to see the excitement, so the teahouse was crowded with people inside and out. As soon as the music stopped, he opened his mouthThe content is nothing more than that:
Three generations of family heirlooms, the ninth famous doctor, well-known all over the world, famous at home and abroad, the Nanyang Islands have a head factory, Malaysia has a branch, in order to save human suffering, today come to Guilong Wharf, step on the treasure land, look at the masters, specially come to present the ancestral secret recipe made of "Tiangang pain relief pill", there are 24 flavors of Chinese medicine in the recipe, 12 flavors of herbs a total of 36 flavors, meaning 36 Tiangang, so it is named after Tiangang.
This medicine regardless of headache, foot pain, heart and mouth pain, waist bar pain, stomach pain, back pain, pain to roll, pain to call mother and call Lao Tzu, pain for ten or twenty years is not good, swallow this pill with boiling water, immediately stop the pain. I was beaten, I was bruised, I was overexerted, I was bruised, I got the pain of the cloudy weather, the pain of the rain, and I swallowed this medicine with wine. Women's family property, small postpartum pain, menstrual pain, red collapse with rice wine to take.
The little doll has accumulated pain and inexplicable pain, and it can also be eaten, but the little doll eats less, and eats a quarter or half of it, and the pain can be relieved immediately. There is only one disease that cannot be eaten, which disease? Wool cures hair sha and stomach pain and can't eat. Why can't you eat it? As soon as I eat it, the roots will be broken, and it will never hurt when I eat it, so I will no longer come to me to buy medicine.
Also, in addition to relieving pain, "Tiangang Pain Relief Pill is like a miracle pill", but also treats the old man (asthma patient), old cough, whether you have a hot cough, cold cough, wind cough, fire cough, cough for ten years or eight years, you don't cough when you eat, as long as you eat three pairs, you will not cough at all, so it is also known as "Tiangang cough and asthma pill". Some people do not accept qi in the kidneys, the next yuan is lost, night dreams of sperm, slippery semen, night sweats, clear and infertility, lack of heirs, tonics have eaten hundreds of pairs, one is not effective, this medicine can still be cured, a dose of work, immediate effect. ”
These words he said, as the jargon called"Search"., that is, the wider the scope of indication and application of the drug, the more drugs will be sold. "Search".It's over, according to the procedure"Fall the threshold"., talking about the selling price of the drug. But he didn't say to sell it, but to give it away, first let everyone try one pill, and after proving that it was effective, he would buy it at a hotel on a certain street tomorrow, and then the people he brought with him would distribute it to the masses.
There is a saying that "the best thing in the world is better than bullying". The medicine that doesn't cost money, everyone wants to try it, of course, they all reach out to ask for it, and even ask for one for Aunt Wang next door to try. The next morning, they all rushed to his residence to buy it, some bought one box, and some bought three boxes. Those who were originally suspicious and didn't try it, heard that others were effective in eating it, so they had to buy a few boxes.
At this time, he was rich in wealth, making money every day, and making a windfall. Early on the morning of the third day, he set out again to deceive people in another place. The medicine he sold was neither 36 Tiangang nor 72 earthly evils, but was made of opium ash and "Baiweisan" called "smoked top" on the rivers and lakes, and it was purely a "drag" to deceive. However, the opium smoke can be managed for a day or two without revealing its original form, so he left slowly and safely.