Yuzhu, a plant with a beautiful appearance and dual use for food and medicine, is deeply loved by the majority of farmers. It is not only suitable for cultivation in barren mountains, but also brings considerable economic benefits to farmers. According to statistics, the yield per mu of Yuzhu can reach 5 tons, and the market can reach up to 90 yuan kg. Let me learn about Yuzhu with you.
1. Overview of Yuzhu
Polygonatum is a hybrid plant of the Poaceae family, which has straight and straight stems and evenly distributed internodes. The stalk of jade bamboo is pale green or light yellowish green, the surface is smooth, the texture is delicate, and the shape resembles jade, so it is named "jade bamboo".
The young bamboo shoots of Yuzhu are edible, delicious in taste and rich in nutrients. It is rich in protein, fat, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients, and contains a variety of essential amino acids. At the same time, jade bamboo shoots also have the medicinal effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, generating jin and quenching thirst, and are ideal edible and medicinal plants.
Second, the planting value of polygonatum bamboo
1.High economic benefits.
The yield of polygonatum is high and the price is also expensive, and the cultivation of polygonatum can obtain considerable economic benefits. According to estimates, the yield per mu of polygonatum can reach 5,000 kilograms, and the output value per mu of polygonatum can reach 30-450,000 yuan according to the price of 60-90 yuan per kilogram.
2.Low cost of cultivation.
Polygonatum japonica has strong adaptability and high stress resistance, and does not require too much breeding and pest control, which greatly reduces the planting cost. At the same time, the growth cycle of polygonatum is as long as 15-20 years, and it can be harvested sustainably with one input, and the planting cost is lower.
3.Utilization of barren mountains and wasteland.
Polygonatum can be cultivated in barren mountains and hilly areas, which is conducive to the development and utilization of barren mountains and wastelands and increases farmers' income.
3. Planting skills of polygonatum bamboo
1.Site selection and soil.
Choosing the right planting site and soil type is the first condition for successful cultivation of Polygonatum japona.
Specifically, Yuzhu prefers warm and humid climates, and low mountains or hilly areas at an altitude of 800-1500 meters above sea level are the most ideal locations. These areas have abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall, and a warm climate, which is conducive to the rapid growth of polygonatum japontus.
If you choose a barren mountain wasteland, you should choose a relatively gentle hillside area. The steep mountain surface is not only difficult to operate, but also not conducive to water and fertilizer management.
In terms of soil, choose sandy loam or yellow loam soil with deep soil layer, fertile and loose, and good drainage for cultivation. These soils are abundant in moisture and nutrients, which can provide abundant nutrients for the growth of Polygonatum japonatum. Clay-textured soil is not suitable because poor drainage can lead to root rot of polygonatum japona.
2.Methods of reproduction.
The main propagation methods of Phyllostachys japonica are ear plugging method, tillering method and tissue culture method.
In the boot plugging method, the collected mature ears are stuffed into a pre-prepared cultivation medium and wait for them to take root and germinate. This method has a high survival rate and good reproductive effect, and is the most commonly used propagation method of Polygonatum japonica.
The tillering method is to separate the bamboo shoot base of the adult polygonatum from the surrounding underground stems, and each tiller retains 2-3 bud eyes, and then replant. This method has a low survival rate and is inferior to the boot plugging method.
Tissue culture method is to isolate sterile single cells from young stems, leaves and other tissues under sterile conditions, and propagate them through culture medium to form whole plants. This method is highly efficient, but requires good technical conditions.
3.Colonization density.
When the polygonatum is planted, there are 2-3 plants per hole, the distance between the plants is about 1 meter, and the distance between the rows is 15-2 meters. The overall control is 6000-10000 acres of planting density.
Too dense plant spacing will lead to competition effect, which is not conducive to the growth and development of Phyllostachys japonatum. Too sparse plant spacing will cause waste of resources and deterioration of the ecological environment of barren mountains and wastelands. The moderate row spacing can give full play to the benefits of land resources.
4.Watering and fertilizing.
After planting, it should be watered in time, every 2-3 days, about 20-30 liters each time, to keep the soil moist. This can help the jade bamboo to take root and grow as soon as possible.
Keep the soil moist during the vigorous growth period. Specifically, it is necessary to water once every dry day, and the water per mu is about 500-800 liters. Avoid getting too wet and not too dry.
In terms of fertilization, about 400-600 kg of organic fertilizer is applied every year, and natural organic fertilizers such as rotted cow manure can also be selected. Ensure soil nutrients and promote the growth of polygonatum japonica.
5.Pest and disease control.
The main pests and diseases of Phyllostachys japonica are brown spot disease and potato gourd aphid. Once the existence of pests and diseases is discovered, prevention and control measures should be taken in time.
Plant-derived fungicides or puromycin can be used to deal with brown spot disease. If it is severe, two fungicides can be used at the same time to take turns for control.
If a potato gourd aphid is found, you can choose imidacloprid, avermectin and other chemical agents for control. Natural enemies such as lacewings, light brown and jigbees can also be introduced for biological control.
It is very important to do a good job in the monitoring and control of pests and diseases to ensure the healthy growth of Polygonatum japonatum. This requires growers to remain vigilant and take scientific and systematic control measures.
Fourth, the precautions for the planting of polygonatum bamboo
1.Choose seedlings of good quality, not seedlings infected with pests and diseases.
2.Do a good job in water and fertilizer management after planting to promote the survival and rooting of Polygonatum japontica.
3.Pay attention to field management, loosen soil, weeding, shaping, etc., to promote the growth of polygonatum japonta.
4.Control of pests and diseases, especially brown spot and potato gourd aphid.
5.Strictly control the harvest date to avoid too early and late harvesting to affect the quality of young shoots.
To sum up, Polygonatum japonica is a plant with high economic benefits for both food and medicine. Not only is it suitable for cultivation in barren mountains, but it also brings a decent income to farmers. It is hoped that through the correct planting techniques, the majority of farmers can achieve the success of Yuzhu planting.
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