Building automation refers to the electrical equipment in a building, such as elevators, water pumps, fans, and air conditioners, which are mainly driven by strong electricity. In general, these devices are open-ended, meaning they do not form a closed loop. As long as the power is connected, the equipment will operate, but there is no real-time access to data such as working status, process, and energy consumption, let alone rational use and energy conservation. Now, the building automation controls the above-mentioned electrical equipment by setting up corresponding sensors, travel switches and photoelectric control, etc., in order to detect the working status of the equipment, and transmit this information back to the computer in the control room through the line for analysis, and then return to the equipment terminal for adjustment. Today, let's take a look at what building automation is, and then take a look at the summary of relevant building automation knowledge points. Building automation
Table of Contents
1. What is building automation?
Second, the development of building automation
3. The composition of the building automation system
Fourth, the purpose of building automatic control management
5. Building automatic control management objects
6. Building automation function
1. What is building automation?
Intelligent building is the product of the combination of building technology and computer information technology, and building automation is the demand of information society and economic internationalization. It is mainly composed of three systems: building automation system (BAS), communication automation system (CAS) and office automation system (OAS). Smart buildings often start with building automation systems. There are a large number of electrical equipment inside intelligent buildings, such as air conditioning equipment, lighting equipment and water supply and drainage system equipment, etc., which are numerous and scattered: many means that the number of objects that need to be controlled, monitored and measured is also large, and the number can reach hundreds to tens of thousands; Decentralized means that these devices are distributed in various locations on floors and corners. Monitoring and measurement would not be possible with decentralized management and local control. In order to make rational use of equipment, save energy, save manpower and ensure the safe operation of equipment, building automation needs to strengthen the management of equipment.
Second, the development of building automation
After reading what is the knowledge of building automation, let's take a look at the development of building automation: with the rapid development of computer technology and information technology in the 21st century, the status monitoring and measurement methods of various equipment in building automation buildings have changed. In the past, we used to use wire-based monitoring, but now we use scanning measurements. In the past, the most advanced centralized monitoring method was replaced by a field controller with high processing capacity, forming a distributed control system. The building automation machine mainly provides reports and response to problems, while the building automation field controller automatically controls related equipment to achieve control goals. The use of computer management systems to replace or supplement operators for the management of building equipment is a natural development of building automation. The automatic control technology has entered a new stage - computer control after a simple mechanical controller and conventional instrument control.
3. The composition of the building automation system
In recent years, high-rise buildings have been built in China, which are characterized by high height, many floors and huge volumes, which can reach tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of square meters. These buildings rise above the ground and have a huge and spectacular appearance. Corresponding to this is a large number of in-house construction equipment. What is building automation After understanding this knowledge, look at the composition and function of the building automation system: in order to improve the utilization rate of equipment, rationally use energy, strengthen the monitoring of the status of building equipment, etc., the building automation system naturally came into being.
The building automation system can automatically manage the mechanical and electrical equipment in the building. With the help of software, the system can effectively manage the relationship between equipment, give full play to the advantages and potential of the equipment as a whole, improve equipment utilization, optimize the operation status and time of equipment (but do not affect equipment ergonomics), so as to extend the service life of equipment, reduce energy consumption, and reduce the work intensity and man-hours of maintenance personnel. Ultimately, this reduces the operating costs of the equipment.
Fourth, the purpose of building automatic control management
The three important elements of building services management are building automation, monitoring, and measurement. What is Building Automation The goal of building automation is to accurately understand the operating status of building equipment, accidents, energy consumption and load changes, etc. Especially after the use of computer technology, labor costs can be greatly reduced, and energy can also be saved. It is generally accepted that energy savings of up to 25% can be achieved.
According to a technical report by the Japan Electrical Society, the number of building automation maintenance personnel can be reduced by about 30% compared to the use of a computerized management system and the use of non-use. Energy conservation here refers to energy-saving methods that are taken by maximizing the use of necessary energy. What is building automation control - building automation The operation control method mainly includes: effective operation of mechanical equipment; Adjust indoor temperature and humidity conditions; control the brightness of the lighting; Keep equipment uptime to a minimum; Reducing the amount of outdoor air entering and other things. In buildings, electricity consumption accounts for 70% to 90% of the overall energy consumption, so energy conservation should start with electricity and reduce electricity consumption.
5. Building automatic control management objects
The management scope of construction equipment mainly includes electrical equipment, air conditioning equipment and sanitary equipment.
1) The management of electrical equipment is mainly to monitor the operation status of machinery, measuring points and protection devices. After understanding what building automation is, the main object of concern is the condition monitoring of circuit interrupters, transformers, contactors, fuses and capacitors in various distribution systems. At the same time, it also measures the current, voltage, active power, reactive power and power factor of the power system.
2) The management of building automatic control air-conditioning equipment includes monitoring the status of refrigerators, air conditioners, water pumps and other equipment, measuring temperature and humidity, and adjusting the temperature and flow rate of cold and heat sources required by the air-conditioning system.
3) Building automatic control sanitation equipment refers to various tools and facilities used to maintain personal and environmental hygiene. These include toilets, showers, washing machines, dishwashers, etc. Once you know what building automation is, sanitation helps prevent the spread of disease and maintain a clean living environment. They play an important role in various areas such as homes, public places, and medical institutions. People should practice good hygiene, building self-control, and regularly clean and maintain these devices to ensure their effective and safe use.
6. Building automation function
After you are familiar with what building automation is, let's take a look at the building automation function. The building's building automation is mainly based on air conditioning control. The automatic control of the building automatic air conditioning system is automatically adjusted through a thermodynamic process.
The building automatic air conditioning system has the following advantages:
1) For productive buildings, improving the control accuracy of temperature and humidity can improve product quality; For residential and commercial buildings, the main focus is on improving people's comfort.
2) According to the changes in the parameters to be adjusted, what is the building automation control, the building automation function can adjust the energy (heat or cooling) required by the building automation system, so as to reduce energy consumption and save energy.
3) Able to reduce the burden of work.
1. What is the DDC controller of building automation?
This building-controlled DDC control in which a temperature sensor installed in the return air duct detects the temperature and compares it to the set point temperature. By using proportional, integral, and derivative controls, the building automation DDC controller will output a corresponding voltage signal to control the action of the electric control valve mounted on the return pipe to keep the return air temperature within the desired range.
The building automation humidity sensor is installed in the air supply duct, and after the building automation is understood, the humidity detected by the building automation DDC will be compared with the set target humidity, and the corresponding voltage signal will be generated through the proportional integral control algorithm. This voltage signal will be used to control the movement of the electric steam valve to keep the supply air humidity within the desired range.
Temperature and humidity sensors are installed in the return and fresh air ducts, which are able to detect temperature and humidity. The temperature and humidity data detected by the building automation sensor is transmitted to the DDC controller, which is used to calculate the enthalpy of return air and fresh air. According to the enthalpy ratio of return air and fresh air, the controller will output the corresponding voltage signal to control the proportional opening of the return air and fresh air damper. In this way, energy-saving systems are realized.
Building automation is what all the inspection data in the system can be displayed on the display, for example:
1) Temperature and humidity in fresh air, return air and air supply system.
2) The building automatic alarm shows that the filter has been blocked.
3) Fan operation and stopping.
Through pre-written logic programs, the building automation DDC controller can achieve the following interlocking functions. After understanding what is building automation, the air door at the entrance of the fresh air of building automation is controlled by the fan in an interlocking manner. When the fan is stopped, the new damper will be completely closed. The electric control valve and fan start are also interlocked. When the fan is stopped, the electric control valve closes at the same time. The start-stop state of the fan is detected by a differential pressure switch. When the fan is started, if the differential pressure on both sides of the fan exceeds the set value, the normally open contacts in the differential pressure switch will be closed, the signal will be sent to the DDC controller, and the control program of the system will be started immediately.
4) By using a handheld detector, building automation can extract and modify any data in the DDC digital controller in the field, for example.
The range measured by the sensor.
Manage the parameters of the program, including input and output ports, and so on.
5) After being familiar with the building automation system, the building automation system is connected to the network controller through the serial interface on the DDC, as the key monitoring unit of the monitoring system.
2. Control II cold station.
The start-stop of the chiller and the interlocking start-stop of the equipment, the building automation is carried out by the DDC substations of the network controller and the digital controller installed in the refrigeration room, which are controlled by pre-written software programs.
By measuring the chilled water supply temperature, return water temperature, and return water flow, Building Automation calculates the actual cooling load of the air conditioning system.
According to the actual cooling load to decide the number of chillers to turn on, what is the building automation - building automation to achieve the best energy saving state. The temperature of the cooling water is controlled by controlling the start and stop of the cooling tower fan. The opening and closing of various equipment of building automation can be programmed.
1) Open: The building automatically starts the cooling tower fan, cooling water pump, chilled water pump and chiller.
2) Shutdown: building automatic chillers, chilled water pumps and cooling water pumps and cooling tower fans.
3) If one of the chilled water pumps fails, the building automatic standby water pump will be automatically started.
In order to maintain the differential pressure of the supply and return mains of the chilled water system, we need to measure and control the opening of the bypass valve after understanding what the building automation is.
3. Control of chiller.
The water supply and return temperatures are monitored through the ** control system, and the chiller is started or stopped according to the procedure. What is Building Automation - A building automation system uses an in-situ building automation controller (DDC) to reset the temperature and load limits based on the supply and return water temperature.
4. Control the cooling tower fan.
Use the ** control system to monitor the cooling tower effluent temperature and control the start and stop of the pump. The cooling water pump chilled water pump is controlled, for the recording of the pump overload alarm and water flow, what is the building automation - the building automation control is controlled according to the control program of the refrigeration station.
* The monitoring function of the station provides an efficient way to monitor and manage the III system. Building automation allows users to monitor the status of various devices in real-time and provides alarms and alarms to deal with any problems in a timely manner. In addition, users can also analyze and report on the building automation monitoring data in order to better understand the operation of the building automation system and make corresponding adjustments and improvements. Overall, what is building automation - the monitoring function of the building automation station** station can help users better grasp and manage the iii system, ensure its proper operation and improve work efficiency.
Summary:Building automation uses industry-standard application software and distributed control systems, and uses Windows NT as the operating platform. After understanding what building automation is, the building automation system has a full Chinese graphical operation interface to monitor the operation status of the entire system. At the same time, after being familiar with what building automation is, building automation provides on-site automation, process flow charts (such as air-conditioning control system diagrams), real-time curve diagrams, monitoring point tables and other functions, and can draw floor plans to display the operation of equipment in an intuitive dynamic graphic way.
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