The English expressions corresponding to "surname" are: family name, last name and surname.
family name is "family name", which naturally corresponds to the "surname" in modern Chinese.
last name is because Westerners' surnames are placed at the end, so last is used. This also means that there may also be middle names.
The name is derived from the Old English nama, noma, and can be traced back to the Proto-Germanic *naman-. Thus name is the native word of Angsa.
The sur- variant of surname comes from the Latin word super-, which means "in." above". Of course, there is a word surnoun in Anglo-French, and it is also said that it was localized into the United Kingdom as surna
Surname is often an honorary title. The British also have the mentality of "my ancestors have also been broad", so the honorary title is also easy to be passed on, so as to become a family name.
nickname is close to the Chinese "nickname", just like the "timely rain" of "timely rain Song Jiang" and the "little Li Guang" of "Xiao Li Guang Huarong".
nickname is the result of a mishyphen of an eke name, i.e. an is mistakenly split into a+n, and n is combined with the following eke. The meaning of eke is "added", i.e. the literal meaning of an eke name is an additional name, but the modern usage is a familiar or diminutive name, that is, a familiar name or "nickname", that is, a "nickname", and by extension, "nickname, nickname".
Epithet also has the meaning of "nickname", but it was only used in the 1570s, and it derives from the French épithète, or directly from the Latin epitheton.
Western women change their surnames after marriage, and her maiden name is maiden name, while married name is her husband's surname. (The surname of the inverted door was changed, to be investigated).
Sobriquet Sobriquet is a humorous nickname, such as giving people nicknames such as little potatoes and little sparrows. Use less.
Cognomen is derived from the ancient Roman name and is the equivalent of nickname, which later became FamilyName.
The counterpart to "name" is given name, the name given at birth, so given. In contrast, the family name is inherited.
In the West, the custom is that the name comes first, so the "name" is also called the first name.
There is a middle name between the first name and the family name, which may carry the place of birth or grandparent information. This part is not very fixed, for example, Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton's middle name is Diane Rodham, where Rodham is Hillary's maiden name, and Diane's information is yet to be checked.
For Chinese, we still have a generation name, which is a name given according to the family tree.
In the past, the pen name used to write articles was Penname or Pen Name, also known as Pseudonym.
appellation corresponds to the Chinese "title".