Mr. Sun Yat-sen, who was once the temporary leader of China, died of gallbladder cancer in Beijing on March 12, 1925.
Before his death, Sun Yat-sen had asked him to keep his body and bury it in Nanjing, as Lenin did, so from April 1925, Sun Yat-sen's wife Soong Ching-ling found Wang Jingwei and others to start preparations for the burial, during which a total of 69 meetings were held, and a series of major events were constantly planned and implemented.
Eventually, a complex called "Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum" was built on an area of more than 80,000 square meters and contained a number of scenic spots, and the coffin of Dr. Sun Yat-sen was placed in it.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum "is as big as 10 football fields, all the buildings rely on the mountain, rise from the ground, the terrain rises from south to north, many buildings are neatly arranged on the central axis, embodies the style of traditional Chinese architecture, overlooking the entire Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, it is like a bell lying quietly in this mountain forest, solemn and simple, the combination of Chinese and Western, ingenious.
How much did it cost to build such a spectacular Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum? And by whom did those complexes come up with and build?
In 1840, the Opium War became the beginning of China's humiliating history in modern times, and Sun Yat-sen was born in that era when the Opium War ended in defeat. Sun Yat-sen witnessed how this land of the Chinese nation was plundered and divided by the West since he was a child, and the people were struggling to make a living, so when he grew up, he studied medicine in Hong Kong.
Faced with the fragmentation of his country, he decided to abandon his original career as a doctor and devote himself to the path of governing the country. It was also the emergence of Sun Yat-sen that allowed our country to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and establish a democratic republic, and was honored as the "father of the nation" by later generations.
Sun Yat-sen was born in 1866, when his family was poor, his brother Sun Mei in order to support his family, he chose to go out, first to Xiangshan and then to Maui Island reclamation, Sun Mei where to run agriculture, animal husbandry and commerce, did not expect his business to be well developed in the local area, a few years later he became a wealthy merchant there, also known as the "King of Maui".
Sun Mei found an opportunity to get rich, so he invited Sun Yat-sen to help him do business together, but Sun Yat-sen refused, he said that he was more eager to study, although Sun Mei hoped that his younger brother could help him develop his career together, but he understood what his younger brother needed more, so he has been silently supporting Sun Yat-sen's studies.
Sun Yat-sen's elder brother - Sun Mei.
In 1875, Sun Yat-sen began to study, and the education he received was relatively traditional, and he was very interested in hearing about the anti-Qing events, and was willing to follow some anti-Qing people.
With the help of his elder brother, Sun Yat-sen received modern education in the West in Hong Kong and other places, so that he began to care about his own country, and Sun Yat-sen felt quite dissatisfied when he looked at the poor and backward countries.
He wanted to help the villagers break the feudal superstition first, so he destroyed the statue of the Pak Tai Temple, but the local villagers thought it was blasphemy and drove Sun Yat-sen, who was forced to return to Hong Kong again.
And in the Sino-French War in 1883, Sun Yat-sen saw the corruption and cowardice of the Qing **, they divided their country, but they were still exercising ** rule, these things aroused Sun Yat-sen's desire to oppose the Qing Dynasty and want to transform China's thoughts!
In 1892, Sun Yat-sen began to practice medicine in various places, met a large number of anti-Qing people, and began to establish revolutionary organizations.
Two years later, he and Li Hongzhang proposed that "people can make the best use of their talents, land can make the best use of their benefits, materials can make the best use of them, and goods can flow smoothly." Then Sun Yat-sen himself established the "Xingzhong Society", which means "rejuvenating China", with the oath of "expelling the Tartars, restoring China, and founding the United People**, if there is a human heart, God will clearly learn from it".
Sun Yat-sen's elder brother Sun Mei praised Sun Yat-sen's "great ambitions" and gave financial help, and became one of the earliest members, helping Sun Yat-sen to vigorously promote the revolution together, and lobbied many people to join the gang.
In 1895, Sun Yat-sen plotted the Guangzhou Uprising, but how did it happen to be leaked and finally failed, Sun Yat-sen was also forced to flee overseas, in foreign countries Sun Yat-sen knew many schools of thought, he seized the opportunity, carefully studied the economic development of European and American countries, the political status quo, etc., and also dealt with many foreign class people, produced a very distinctive theory of people's livelihood, and the Three People's Doctrine came into being.
After the failure of the first uprising, Sun Mei did everything to help Sun Yat-sen join the revolution, and the two trusted each other, encouraged each other, and supported each other. With the help of Sun Mei, Sun Yat-sen has been struggling for his revolutionary road, he not only founded the gang of rejuvenation and established the republican system, but also overthrew the Qing Dynasty, created the era, and founded the Whampoa Military Academy, Sun Yat-sen University, etc.
Since the Opium War, the plundering and trampling of the outside world, as well as the corrupt feudal rule, have undoubtedly brought indelible suffering to the people.
The Xinhai Revolution led by Mr. Sun Yat-sen ended the monarchical system that had lasted for thousands of years in China and took the first step for China's progress.
The Wuchang Uprising broke out in 1911, which was the beginning of the Xinhai Revolution and a mutiny that overthrew the rule of the Qing Dynasty. After the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising, they took Wuhan as the center and targeted the Lianghu region, and the armed uprising began.
Sun Yat-sen, who was abroad, immediately returned to China after learning the news, and then a number of political ** elected him as the temporary great**, and Sun Yat-sen also established the China **Temporary** after his reign.
Yuan Shikai. Sun Yat-sen, who was bent on overthrowing the imperial system, also had a strong opponent, that is, Yuan Shikai. After the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, the only thing that could be used to resist the revolution was the Beiyang New Army, so Yuan Shikai was appointed governor.
Yuan Shikai relied on the use of force to constantly oppress the revolutionaries in the south, and took advantage of the situation to shake the internal of the revolutionaries, so the revolutionary party was defeated and retreated, Yuan Shikai took two of the three towns in Wuhan, and Sun Yat-sen gave way to Yuan Shikai under oppression.
However, he did not give up the propaganda of democracy and the call for equal land rights, and all the construction that Sun Yat-sen wanted to do was hindered by the power in the hands of Yuan Shikai.
When Sun Yat-sen was in exile in Japan, he organized the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, hoping to help him develop democracy and completely overthrow the rule.
Yuan Shikai. During this period, Yuan Shikai also wanted to restore the imperial system, so he drew up some regulations according to his own intentions, including: first, the prince and his county prince could participate in the selection of naval officers, but they were not allowed to organize parties and never hold any important political positions; Second, the two systems were abolished, namely the eunuch system and the palace maid selection system; thirdly, not to accept tribute from all parties; Fourthly, the royal relatives are not allowed to run businesses and compete with the common people for profit.
However, Sun Yat-sen, Liang Qichao and others resolutely opposed the imperial system, and they had been fighting all the time to overthrow the imperial system, so how could they watch the imperial system be reborn again?
Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang and others were also extremely dissatisfied with this, and Duan Qirui even called Yuan Shikai: "Restore the parliament and abdicate yourself." Yuan Shikai, who had no intention of abdicating, was attacked by everyone, and other places in the north and south responded one after another. So Yuan Shikai was forced to abdicate, and the era name of "China **" was restored that year.
In 1917, Sun Yat-sen was elected marshal, but he was not recognized by warlords and politicians in the army. After that, Sun Yat-sen summed up the experience of the past revolutions, put forward more and better plans for building a blueprint for China, and completed the "National Founding Strategy" written in the past alone.
At 9:30 a.m. on March 12, 1925, Mr. Sun Yat-sen left us forever, and before his death, Sun Yat-sen left three documents, namely "State Testament", "Family Testament" and "Testament to Soviet Russia".
On March 17, 1925, a state funeral was held, and they sealed the top hat and other clothes worn by Mr. Sun Yat-sen in the stone pagoda as a memorial to Sun Yat-sen's temporary residence in Biyun Temple.
On the afternoon of May 26, the special train left the ** station and transported the body of Mr. Sun Yat-sen to the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing.
Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum from the spring of 1926 began construction until the summer of 1929 was built, in order to build the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, consumed a lot of human resources and funds, in fact, after his death want to be buried in Nanjing Purple Mountain is Sun Yat-sen himself, and the decision to build the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is the memory and respect of Mr. Sun Yat-sen!
In fact, as early as the first year, Sun Yat-sen was still the temporary big of Nanjing, and he liked Purple Mountain very much at that time. On March 10, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was refreshed after losing any position, so he came to the Purple Mountain with Hu Hanmin and others to hunt.
The scenery of the Purple Mountain made Sun Yat-sen let go of all the fatigue of his body and mind, the air here is sweet, he looked at the sun at his fingertips, looked at the birds flying freely, looked at the aimless clouds, at this moment he was comfortable, he was satisfied, he was happy.
He looked at the blue sky as if he thought of the future of the country, he wished he could see his ideal country with his own eyes, but he thought about it again, everything must not be fast, let alone a major national event, even if he is not able to see the prosperity of the country with his own eyes, but he must continue to insist on contributing to the country and laying a good foundation for his ideal country.
Sun Yat-sen laughed and said that this place, opposite to the green mountains, in front of the endless Pingchuan, is very majestic and considerable, and after Mr. Sun's death, I hope that the people can leave him a small place to bury his body. So they organized and set up a committee dedicated to the preparation of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's funeral.
On April 4, 1925, the relevant departments and family members brought the personnel who planned the funeral, and we made a field visit together, and carried out work planning, and determined the order of proceeding, the first to determine the cemetery site, the second to measure the size of the cemetery, the third to negotiate the enclosure, the fourth to design the mausoleum pattern and decide, the fifth to recruit a large number of staff, and finally start construction.
At the end of April, Song Qingling and others first attended the memorial meeting of Sun Yat-sen, and then went to the local field after the decision to build in Pingyang, the southern slope of Pingyang, everything is difficult at the beginning, Song Qingling looked at this place with a lot of emotion, she thought of what Sun Yat-sen said to her, she until just now Sun Yat-sen and the land into one, he can rest in peace. After deciding on the address, Song Qingling put down a stone in her heart, and she hurried to Shanghai.
On the evening of April 23, the funeral preparatory committee convened another meeting, and under the fierce discussion of everyone, it was determined that the slope of Zhongmao Mountain in the Purple Mountain was the final place, and the committee immediately sent people to conduct on-site measurements and make preparations for the construction of the mausoleum.
Song Qingling. After the most important thing was decided, everyone suddenly raised the spirit, arranged the next work step by step, and the elite talents from all over the country also gathered together and began to work, every carving, modeling, drawings, etc. Everyone was very serious, and did not dare to make a mistake, just like that, it took a total of three years to complete the construction of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
It was not until 1966 that the People's Republic of China established the "Preparatory Committee for the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Dr. Sun Yat-sen" and allocated 1 million yuan for the comprehensive repair of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. The entire Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum was renovated.
In October 1943, in order to show the positioning of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in China's temple, and to counter Japan's desire to illegally occupy the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, the relevant departments immediately held a meeting and formulated a new and more cultural sacrifice and ritual for it under intense discussions.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, nearly 200 generals of the navy, army and air force and nearly 100 people from the forward command post of the New Sixth Army held a ceremony in front of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.
The two flags are intertwined with each other, but each shows its own style, civil and military officials and their elites from all walks of life, these thousands of personnel together completed a breathtaking ceremony in history, the resolute eyes and tender tears of all present seem to say to Mr. Sun Yat-sen: "Father of the nation, we are back!" ”
On December 21, 1960, ** accompanied Cambodian dignitaries to visit the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. **When the group passed through the Taiping Gate, I saw a large amount of harvested timber along the way, and saw that the jungle that was originally lush and green is now empty in some places, dense in some places, withered tree stumps, fallen leaves scattered all over the ground, and truncated branches.
Shaking his head, this was the resting place of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, and it should have been more full of life, but now. **Convening everyone to say that China is so big, why does such a small amount of timber be taken from the resting place of Dr. Sun Yat-sen?
**。The next day, all the workers were evacuated, and no one came here to collect timber again. In June 1968, ** personally instructed to place a bronze statue of Mr. Sun Yat-sen on the stone pedestal in front of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum Square, and erected a quotation in front of the bronze statue: "The Great Revolutionary Pioneer Sun Yat-sen". * In the turbulent years, with his own ability and identity, he protected many important cultural relics and monuments of Sun Yat-sen Cemetery.
"Half of the wall is three Chuxiong in the southeast, and Liu Lang is dead and dominates the sky. The remaining legacy is very difficult, who is generous with the Si people. Plug the autumn wind and sad war horses, and the sunset in Shenzhou weeps and mourns. When to drink Huanglong wine, across the river to lay a gong. ”This is a seven-character poem composed by Sun Yat-sen, which fully expresses the praise and regret of the martyrs, and the whole poem is mourning the dead.
Sun Yat-sen put forward a systematic material civilization, spiritual civilization, political civilization and other construction plans, although the plan has not been put into practice, but through these plans can still see Mr. Sun Yat-sen's far-sighted vision of the great man and the majestic ambition of the world, his ideas are of great reference value for solving many practical problems today.
On the eve of his death, when he was critically ill, Mr. Sun Yat-sen still remembered to save China and save the people, and told the comrades around him, "The revolution has not yet succeeded, and comrades still need to work hard!" ”。The National Revolution led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen failed to succeed and failed to lead the Chinese nation to freedom and prosperity.
Sun Yat-sen on his deathbed.
However, the Three People's Principles he put forward had a great impact on the national awakening of the Chinese nation, which is the great spiritual heritage of the Chinese people, which inspires the Chinese people to fight for the Chinese nation to stand tall among the nations of the world until the victory of the Chinese revolution, and the Chinese nation inherits the legacy of Sun Yat-sen and has made progress that has attracted the attention of the world!