With the continuous development of science and technology, physical and chemical laboratories are also increasing as important places for researching new materials, new drugs, new compounds, etc. However, the ensuing problem is that the treatment of laboratory wastewater, especially the sewage produced in chemical laboratories, is more difficult to treat due to its strong acid, strong alkali, toxic and harmful characteristics.
The main components of laboratory wastewater include chemical residues, waste liquids, waste paper towels and waste materials, among which chemical residues and waste liquids are the main ones. The chemicals in these wastewaters often cause serious harm to the environment, such as ammonia, nitric acid, acidic wastewater, heavy metals, etc.
Therefore, laboratory wastewater needs to be treated in a special way. Laboratory sewage treatment equipment is usually divided into four stages: pretreatment, primary treatment, intermediate treatment and advanced treatment.
The pretreatment stage is the preliminary treatment of raw water, mainly to remove large particulate matter, grease and suspended solids in sewage, etc., usually using physical and chemical methods for treatment. The effect of this stage affects the subsequent processing process.
The primary treatment stage mainly uses physical methods to convert the particles and dissolved matter in the sewage into solids or liquids as much as possible to facilitate subsequent treatment. Commonly used primary treatment equipment mainly includes sedimentation tanks, mechanical grids, air flotation tanks, etc., which can further reduce the color, turbidity and odor of sewage.
The intermediate treatment stage mainly removes organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances in sewage through chemical reaction and microbial decomposition to reduce the pollutant content of sewage. The intermediate treatment stage is usually treated by aeration tank, activated sludge method and other methods.
The advanced treatment stage is to refine the treated wastewater after intermediate treatment to meet the requirements of the discharge standard. Anaerobic tanks, biofilm reactors and chemical filters are commonly used in the advanced treatment stage, which remove lower levels of organic matter and impurities from the wastewater through chemical and physical reactions, and finally make the wastewater meet environmental discharge standards.
When selecting laboratory sewage treatment equipment, appropriate equipment should be selected for treatment according to the sewage situation and discharge standard requirements of the laboratory. At the same time, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment equipment, the treatment equipment should be cleaned and repaired regularly to ensure that the equipment remains in effective working condition.
To sum up, laboratory wastewater treatment is a very important environmental protection work, which requires a series of physical and chemical methods to treat wastewater. For the particularity of chemical laboratory wastewater, the selection of equipment and the design of the treatment stage should be selected according to the composition of the sewage and environmental protection requirements. While treating laboratory sewage, scientific research institutions and enterprises and institutions shall strengthen safety education and scientific research norms for laboratory personnel to reduce the generation of laboratory sewage.