In the 17th year of Jeongguan (643 AD), Goryeo invaded Silla several times, and Tang Taizong Li Shimin sent envoys to the two countries to reconcile the contradictions.
However, Goryeo refused to be summoned, and its general Gai Suwen even made a lot of nonsense, saying that no one in China knew the art of war, which made Tang Taizong very annoyed, so he summoned Li Jing, the prince of Weiguo, to ask for advice.
Li Jing was getting old at this time, and he felt more and more powerless about the conquest, but when he heard that Tang Taizong wanted to crusade against Goryeo, he immediatelypersuaded Tang Taizong to conquer Goryeo with the way of the Marquis Zhuge Liang when he was conquering the Southern Barbarians.
Li Shimin. Hearing that Li Jing mentioned Wuhou, Tang Taizong's mood of being troubled by Goryeo suddenly became much less, so he said with great interest:
I say that those who surrender without a fight are also on the top, among the victors in a hundred battles, and those who defend themselves in deep ditches and high bases are also down. ”
Then let Li Jing evaluate where Zhuge Liang should be?
Li Jing did not answer directly, but used the analogy between Le Yi and Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang, and said that Zhuge Liang would win the battle and defend it.
Then he asked Tang Taizong rhetorically and said:How should Your Majesty evaluate Marquis Wu?
Tang Taizong bowed slightly, got up and walked slowly to the window railing, holding the railing with his right hand and twisting his beard with his left hand, but his eyes gradually became hollow, thinking about Zhuge Wuhou in his heart.
Zhuge Wuhou, Tang Taizong recalled that the first time he met this politician and military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period, he was still reading Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Zhuge Liang".
When Zhuge Liang was mentioned in the article, he praised him many times for "taking the army as his strength", how good he was at governing the army, and his subordinates were willing to obey his orders.
Wei Guogong Li Jing.
If other people saw these evaluations, they would only think that these were just one of Zhuge Liang's many skills, and they would not pay much attention to them.
And for Li Shimin, who grew up in the chaotic world at the end of the Sui Dynasty, seeing these words is like a traveler in the desert seeing a clear spring.
So, he began to hungrily collect relevant deeds and military books about Zhuge Wuhou, and studied Zhuge Wuhou's concept of governing the army.
As the number of military books read by Li Shimin increased year by year, his understanding of Zhuge Wuhou's thought on governing the army gradually deepened.
The first is to govern the army clearly, requiring the army to have clear moral norms.
In Zhuge Liang's view, if the army has no morality, it is not an army, but a reckless rogue, and such an army will not be supported by the people.
Since ancient times, all the use of soldiers, have emphasized 'those who have attained the Tao have more help, and those who have lost the Tao have little help', if they lose the hearts of the people, they can achieve victory.
Therefore, Zhuge Liang attaches great importance to the morality of the army, and he specially revised the laws and regulations in the army, proposing that 'the teacher should be disciplined, and those who lose discipline will be fierce'.
He hoped to warn the generals that they must restrain the soldiers and do nothing wrong with the people.
Zhuge Liang. And for those generals who manage soldiers, Zhuge Liang has raised his own requirements, and mentioned at the beginning of his "General Garden: General Materials":
"The husband will have nine: the way is virtuous, and the way is courteous.
Put morality and etiquette in the beginning, followed by the three armies, the courage to fight the enemy, and the courage to plan more
Zhuge Liang believes that the discipline and morality of an army are all sourced from the general, so the first thing to choose a general is the moral level of the general himself.
If the general takes the lead in violating discipline, then the discipline of the entire army will also be completely broken.
For Zhuge Liang's emphasis on the virtue of the army, this was endorsed by Li Shimin and the founding generals of the Tang Dynasty, who believed that they must first be famous before they could raise a large army to conquer.
Of course, Zhuge Liang's thought on governing the army is far more than a Ming can summarize, and in his "Instructions to Counsel and Stop Watching", Li Shimin read the word "letter".
"The unification of martial arts is based on great faith, and the original is untrustworthy, which is regretted by the ancients".
Zhuge Liang believed that the generals who commanded the army should be based on maintaining credit, and only by governing the army and valuing trust can the laws and regulations be kept and issued from the top to the top.
If there is no credibility in the army, then the generals will change their orders every day, and even if they command millions of people, they will be scattered.
And based on credit, then the army's enforcement efforts will be greatly increased, first of all, reflected in the clear rewards and punishments.
If the rewards and punishments are clear, then the soldiers will know that they are worth their lives on the battlefield.
A benevolent and righteous army supported by the people and used the lives of the soldiers has a reason why it will not win.
Thinking of this, Tang Taizong turned around and looked at Li Jing, and wanted to answer the words of Li Jing, the Duke of Weiguo, with benevolence, righteousness, and righteous soldiers
But he suddenly remembered that it was Li Jing who persuaded him to conquer Goryeo with the way of a regular soldier, and such an answer could not help but pick up people's teeth.
Then he lowered his head and thought deeply, and this time he thought of a battle to pacify the frontier.
In the first year of the establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty, the Shu Han was on the front line of life and death, with Cao Wei and Sun Wu eyeing each other, and the powerful people of the inner state instigated the rebellion of Meng Huo in the south.
The previous battle of Yiling depleted the elite soldiers of Shu Han, the death of the ancestor Liu Bei further reduced the morale of the country, and the newly enthroned Liu Chan was young and ignorant, and all the burdens were on Zhuge Liang's body.
At this time, Zhuge Liang, as he himself said, was ordered to be in danger when he was entrusted with the defeat of the army.
However, he showed great military genius.
From a strategic point of view,Zhuge Liang continued to use the "north distance from Cao Wei, east and Sun Wu", and sent Deng Zhi to envoy to Eastern Wu, which not only made the Sun and Liu families continue to repair, but also made Cao Wei dare not send troops easily, thus reducing the number of enemies.
After the external threat was temporarily stabilized, Zhuge Liang began to solve the internal worries.
On the one hand, he actively replenished the troops and carried out the training of soldiers, and on the other hand, he exhorted the rebellious tribes in the south, hoping to achieve the effect of surrendering the army without a fight.
However, at this time, Meng Xu, the tribal leader in the southern border, could not listen to Zhuge Liang's advice at all, and only thought about separating the territory and dominating one side.
Meng Huo. In the third year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang personally led the army to the south and attacked Meng Shu with a three-way attack.
In May of the same year, Zhuge Liang led a large army to cross Lushui, defeated Meng Shu's army in Qujing, Yunnan, and captured Meng Shu alive.
After capturing Meng Huo alive, Zhuge Liang suddenly remembered that Meng Huo himself had a certain prestige among the local natives and Han people, and remembered the strategy of 'psychological warfare for the top, and soldier war for the bottom' suggested to him by Ma Yan, who joined the army before the expeditionThis corresponds to his strategy of 'west and Zhurong, south Fu Yiyue', so he did not execute Meng Shu, but took him to visit the Shu army camp and persuaded him to surrender.
When Meng was not convinced, he put him back and asked him to rearm and fight again.
After several battles, Meng was defeated one after another, and Zhuge Liang arrested him many times and released him. Meng Huo gradually realized Zhuge Liang's forgiveness and the fact that Shu Han did not regard the Nanzhong tribe as barbarians.
And soHe solemnly assured Zhuge Liang that "the southerners will not return".
Meng Huo. After receiving Meng's assurance, Zhuge Liang led his army south to join Li Hui's army, and then the army marched west to Dianchi Lake to quell the surrounding tribal rebellion.
At this point, Zhuge Liang's battle, which was mainly based on psychological warfare and supplemented by military warfare, came to an end completely, and laid a solid and stable rear for Shu Han.
First win by strategy, let Shu Han lose two enemies without fighting, and then focus on psychological warfare to consolidate the rear for Shu Han.
Tang Taizong couldn't help but nod when he thought of this, but he thought about it, Li Jing had also broken through the Turks in the north and pacified the barbarians, and this kind of evaluation seemed to be a little insufficient to him.
After thinking about it many times but not coming to a result, Tang Taizong couldn't help but feel a little helpless, he frowned, and muttered to himself in his heart, it was time for Zhuge Liang's five Northern Expeditions.
For Zhuge Liang's five Northern Expedition experiences, Tang Taizong was almost familiar with it
Even whenever he remembered the loss of the fighter plane caused by the misuse of Ma Jian during Wuhou's first Northern Expedition, he couldn't help but sigh for him.
In Tang Taizong's view, compared with Cao Wei, Shu Han was already in a situation where the region and people were relatively small, and Shu Han was also restricted by geographical restrictions and strategic materials and horses.
But in such a disadvantageous situation, Shu Han's army was still able to fight back and forth with Cao Wei's army under Zhuge Liang's strategy.
In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led the first Northern Expedition, personally led a large army to attack Qishan to decide the battle of Longyou, and then sent Ma Tan to lead the army to cut off the reinforcements of Cao Wei's army at Longshan Pass.
In terms of tactics alone, it is excellent in the eyes of Tang Taizong, because Longyou has three major advantages over Shu Han:
First, the altitude of this place is higher than that of the Guanzhong region, and the occupation of this place by Shu Han can form a condescending situation for Cao Wei in Guanzhong, which is extremely advantageous for strategy.
Second, although Yizhou is known as the land of abundance, the granary is overflowing, but the Shu road is difficult and dangerous, and it is extremely difficult to transport grain abroad.
The fertile land of Longyou can eliminate the problem of food for the Shu Han army in long-distance operations if it is occupied.
The third is more important, that is, Shu Han has been restricted by strategic materials and horses for a long time, resulting in a mobility that is much inferior to Cao Wei's army
However, Longyou is a region that produces war horses, and if it can occupy this place, it can improve the mobility of the Shu Han army.
The situation at that time was also extremely favorable to Shu Han, because Zhuge Liang had previously arranged suspicious troops at the oblique mouth, so that Cao Wei misanalyzed Zhuge Liang's intentions and did not focus on defending Longxi.
If Ma Tan followed Zhuge Liang's military order to hold the passage of Longshan Pass, then the Northern Expedition would have achieved an unprecedented victory.
But the fact is regrettable that Ma Jian did not hold the Longshan Pass, so that the first Northern Expedition failed.
In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang made the second Northern Expedition, at this time he no longer had the advantage of the first Northern Expedition, and problems such as troop mobility, grain and grass always troubled him.
And yet he wasGot out of the pass with a strange plan, defended Chen Cang, and killed the opposite general Wang Shuang;
Later, the Northern Expedition occupied Yinping three times and forced back Guo Huai, the general of Cao Wei's reinforcements;
defeated Sima Yi in the Northern Expedition four times and shot the famous general Zhang He;
The Fifth Northern Expedition troops went out of Wuzhang Plain, so that Sima Yi, the commander of Cao Wei, was as fearful as a tiger, and could only stick to the camp gate without fighting.
Sima Yi. Tang Taizong himself once evaluated Sima Yi's military ability, saying that he: "The heroes are decisive internally, heroic and external, the soldiers are like gods, and there is no more planning." ”
The words are full of praise, and he appreciates Sima Yi's eloquence and resoluteness.
However, when he thought of Sima Yi's performance on Wuzhang Plain, he often scoffed at it and said mercilessly:
"Even if you support the people to move west, you will hold on to Zhuge . suppressed its armor soldiers, had no fighting spirit, and left its women, so they were angry. When the rod is the door, Xiongtu is bent, please fight for thousands of miles, and deceit wants to demonstrate".
The words were full of ridicule and ridicule, and even brought out the fact that Zhuge Liang gave Sima Yi women's clothes and Sima Yi specially asked Cao Rui thousands of miles away to fight in order to avoid the war.
Indeed, Sima Yi has a large army, abundant food supplies, and the cavalry corps that the Shu Han army hopes, but such an army has become a cowardly army in Sima Yi's hands that can only stick to the camp gate and close without fighting.
Sima Yi. Tang Taizong watched the battle from the perspective of future generations, only to feel that Sima Yi's performance was very embarrassing, and then added:
"And the people of Qin Shu are brave and cowardly, and the road to danger is different, and the benefits of this struggle are visible. And the return to the closed army is fortified, don't dare to fight, be cowardly and not move forward, doubt and be vague, the way of a good general is lost! ”
At first glance, this passage seems to belittle Sima Yi's cowardice and fear of war, but from another point of view, it is praising Zhuge Liang, who is fighting against him, for his skillful use of troops, so that Sima Yi, who is fierce and decisive in using troops, does not dare to face his soldiers.
Thinking of this,Tang Taizong was relieved, and his praise for Zhuge Wuhou's use of troops was why he bothered to seek cases and draw references
Sima Yi's closed-minded attitude without fighting reflects the mastery of Wuhou's use of soldiers, and he only needs to generously express his praise for Wuhou's use of soldiers.
The rolling Yangtze River is passing away, and the waves are sweeping away the heroes.
Looking at the ancients in the present world, how many generals who used soldiers like gods have been drowned in the tide of history
I have to say that Zhuge Liang is lucky, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" will stand in people's hearts with his wise image;
At the same time, he is also unlucky, in recent years, there have also been voices of "Zhuge near demons" and "pure praise" to try to belittle his ability to use troops, trying to detain the responsibility for the failure of the Northern Expedition.
But as written in the words, right or wrong turns empty, the green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red several times.
No matter how we evaluate Zhuge Liang's military ability and talk about whether he will fight or not, his level will always stand there, and no one can change it, and no one can change it.
And this most real level and level can only be seen by those who are truly professionals, and the generals who really rolled out in the sea of swords and fires, just like Tang Taizong Li Shimin, the emperor immediately used his evaluation of Wuhou's opponents to praise first and then depreciate, and indirectly gave Zhuge Wuhou the highest praise!