Hyperspectral imaging technology can obtain many very narrow and spectrally continuous image data in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared regions.
1.Mineral spectra identify characteristic parameters
Mineral spectra depend mainly on the interaction of electrons with the crystal field within the object, as well as the molecular vibrations within the object. In the crystal field, the transition of ion energy level will cause the change of absorption characteristics, but the reflectance spectrum is mainly caused by the difference of minerals, which is independent of particle size. The transfer of electrons from one atom to another can also have an effect on the spectrum, for example, the electron transfer of Fe-O causes the spectral absorption position to shift in the ultraviolet direction. Therefore, the spectral absorption mechanism of minerals includes the electronic process of metal cations in the visible region and the vibration process of anion groups in the near-infrared region.
Due to the transition of electrons between different energy levels to absorb or emit electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength, thus forming a spectral signature of a specific wavelength, the composition of rock minerals with different lattice structures has its different spectral characteristics. This is a pre-physics question for using hyperspectral data to find rocks and minerals.
Hyperspectral geological remote sensing mainly uses hyperspectral data to identify various mineral components, their abundance, and mapping (spatial distribution of mineral components). Its main research content includes the extraction of qualitative and quantitative information of various geological minerals from many spectral parameters. Spectral absorption characteristics include parameters such as wavelength position, depth, width, slope, symmetry, area, and absolute reflectance of the spectrum.
2.Hyperspectral data processing and analysis techniques
In order to quickly and accurately extract resource and environmental information from these data, identify different substances, and reveal the essence of the target, it is necessary to process and analyze the massive data according to the requirements of practical data processing.
The primary goal of hyperspectral data processing and analysis is to achieve massive data processing capabilities for earth observations, and at the same time, it requires relatively accurate quantitative analysis capabilities. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of hyperspectral remote sensing theory and the increasing maturity of airborne and spaceborne hyperspectral sensors, hyperspectral remote sensing technology has been widely used in the fields of resource exploration, environmental assessment and military research. At the same time, in terms of data processing methods, with the gradual expansion and deepening of the application field of this technology, the corresponding remote sensing data processing methods have been continuously innovated and improved. At present, according to the characteristics of hyperspectral data, based on the existing mature data processing methods of multispectral remote sensing, and combined with modern information technology, many domestic and foreign scientific research workers have developed many technical methods through a large number of scientific research practices, and have achieved success in related fields.
The alteration zone is an important basis for prospecting, and the alteration zone is in 2With spectral absorption characteristics at 2 microns and a half-band of the absorption spectrum between 10 nm and 50 nm, an imaging spectrometer with a spectral resolution of 10 nm has the ability to detect alteration zones directly through remote sensing to determine the target area for prospecting.
At the same time, through the analysis of vegetation spectral characteristics, it is also the basis for prospecting, due to the erosion of vegetation by metal ions in minerals, it will cause vegetation lesions, so that the near-infrared high reflection peak of vegetation will move to the short-wave direction by 5-20 nanometers, becoming the phenomenon of "red edge blue shift". Hyperspectral remote sensing has the ability to detect this phenomenon.
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A hyperspectral imaging system based on a small multi-rotor UAV airborne imaging system, which is composed of a hyperspectral imaging camera, a stabilized PTZ, an airborne control and data acquisition module, and an airborne power supply module. The UAV airborne hyperspectral imaging system effectively solves the problem of poor image quality caused by vibration when the micro UAV is equipped with a pushbroom hyperspectral camera through unique built-in or external scanning and stabilization control, and has high spectral resolution and good imaging performance.