The technical growth class takes you from 0 to 1 to handwrite a database system
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Database systems are one of the core components of modern information technology, which is responsible for storing, managing, and retrieving large amounts of data. Although there are many mature database products on the market, such as MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL, a deep understanding of the inner workings of a database system, or even an attempt to write a simplified database system by hand, can be beneficial in deepening the understanding of database knowledge, improving programming skills, and system design skills.
1.Database System Fundamentals
There are a few core concepts that need to be understood before you start handwriting databases:
Data model: Describes the data, the relationships between it, and the abstract way in which data is manipulated. Common data models include hierarchical, mesh, and relational models.
sql: Structured Query Language, a standard language for querying and manipulating relational databases.
Transaction management: An important means of ensuring data integrity and consistency, including ACID attributes and concurrency control.
2.Design the database schema
The first step in writing a database by hand is to design the database schema. This includes determining the physical storage structure of the database, memory management strategies, indexing mechanisms, query optimization strategies, and more.
Physical storage structure: Consider how to persist data to disk, including the organization of data files, data compression, and storage efficiency.
Memory management: Design a strategy to efficiently manage the data and structure of the database in memory to optimize query performance.
Indexing mechanism: Implement one or more index structures, such as b-trees and hash indexes, to speed up query operations.
3.Implement data manipulation
Implement basic data operations such as inserts, deletes, updates, and queries.
Insert and delete: Design algorithms to efficiently add and remove data while maintaining data integrity and consistency.
Update: Design a policy to handle data modifications to ensure that modification operations do not compromise the integrity of the data.
Inquiry: Parse, optimize, and execute SQL queries, including connection operations, aggregate functions, and sorting.
4.Transaction management and concurrency control
Ensure data consistency and integrity across multiple operations.
Transaction management: Implement the acid attribute to ensure the atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability of transactions.
Concurrency control: Locking, timestamping, or optimistic locking strategies are used to manage the concurrent execution of multiple transactions to avoid data conflicts.
5.Optimize and scale
After you've completed the basic functions, consider how you can optimize the performance and scalability of your database.
Performance optimization: Improve database performance by optimizing queries, indexes, and physical storage.
Scalability: Design the database to support horizontal scaling (adding more nodes) and vertical scaling (improving the performance of a single node).
Summary
Handwriting a database system is a complex and challenging task, but it is very helpful to deeply understand the inner workings of the database and improve the system design skills. Through practice, we can gain a deeper understanding of core concepts such as data models, transaction management, and concurrency control, and learn how to apply this knowledge in real-world applications.