Academician Ni Guangnan.
Introduction: ERP system is built on the basis of information technology, through the integration of database technology, graphical user interface, query language, customer server structure, computer-aided development tools, portable open system and other effective integration of enterprise resources. As the soul of a new generation of information technology, ERP software is one of the core foundations for the development of the digital economy and the key support for the construction of a manufacturing power, a network power and a digital China. At present, software has become the "commanding heights" of a new round of global competition, and it is also the "growth point" of future economic development. Only by firmly innovating software independently and solving the problem of "blocking points" can China truly achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology.
ERP software, the full name of enterprise resource planning, that is, enterprise resource planning software, E stands for enterprise level rather than department level, R stands for real-time integration of logistics, capital flow and information flow, and P stands for the closed-loop management idea of "planning, execution, analysis and improvement" of enterprise operation. ERP is a management platform based on information technology and systematic management ideas to provide decision-making and operation means for enterprise decision-makers and employees. The ERP concept was proposed in 1990, and after more than 30 years of development, ERP is still a high-growth industry in the digital transformation market.
ERP was originally defined as application software, and has now developed into an important operation management industrial software for enterprises, which can help enterprises achieve resource management, lean production, synchronous engineering and agile manufacturing of the entire supply and demand chain. As a new generation of enterprise management system and mode, the purpose of ERP is to unify the planning of resources of all parties in the enterprise, efficient allocation, and output benefits. In particular, the integrated ERP system that realizes the interconnection and interoperability of enterprise data is a must for all walks of life to improve their competitive advantages such as efficiency, quality, and management in the digital era.
ERP is first and foremost a software and at the same time a management tool. It is the integration of IT technology and management ideas, that is, advanced management ideas with the help of computers to achieve the management goals of enterprises. ERP is an enterprise resource management system that integrates enterprise management concepts, business processes, basic data, human and material resources, computer hardware and software.
Ni Guangnan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, believes that in the digital age, ERP integration is of great significance, which can coordinate the data flow between the company's various business processes and simplify the operation of the entire enterprise; Carry out comprehensive balance and optimal management of comprehensive resources such as people, finance, materials, customers, information, time and space owned by the enterprise; Coordinate the internal and external management departments of the enterprise, carry out business activities around the market orientation, and improve the core competitiveness of the enterprise, so as to achieve the best economic benefits.
ERP technology is applied to an automobile manufacturing plant.
According to the latest research report, the global ERP market will reach US$80.6 billion in 2020 and will reach US$112.2 billion by 2025, with a five-year compound growth rate of 68%。
Globally, the main manufacturers of ERP software include SAP, Oracle, Microsoft, Sage, Infor, etc., of which the top five manufacturers account for about 42% of the market share. In China's ERP software market, ERP can be divided into two camps, the first part is mainly foreign manufacturers based on SAP and Oracle; The other part is dominated by domestic ERP companies such as Zhibang, Kingdee, UFIDA and Inspur.
According to the QYContive research report, in terms of product types, the manufacturing industry is currently the most important demand for ERP software, accounting for about 227% share. China's manufacturing industry accounts for nearly 30% of the world's scale, due to the late start of ERP in China, high-end core technology has been monopolized by foreign countries for a long time, ERP is becoming one of the main bottlenecks in China's progress from a manufacturing country to a manufacturing power. Especially in the high-end market, there is a large gap in product demand in China, and the integration of products and industries requires the continuous improvement of the practical application performance of domestic ERP software.
From the perspective of market share, foreign ERP software giants occupy a large domestic market share, and control the core technologies of industrial software such as design, analysis tools, enterprise management and advanced control. There are more than 150 industrial software in various fields commonly used in the world, covering R&D and design, production control, testing and verification, etc., and the software is closed and not open source. In the market, the licensing fee of foreign ERP software is very expensive, and the personnel cost of implementation and delivery is also very high, so for enterprises that do not have enough revenue support, they cannot afford this cost.
In the context of the downward pressure on the global economy and the weakening of growth momentum, the risks and challenges faced by enterprises are becoming more and more severe, and new technical means are urgently needed to improve the quality and efficiency of development. The issue of independent innovation is getting more and more attention. "In recent years, especially in the last two years, the international situation has intensified the sense of urgency of China's independent software innovation. Academician Ni Guangnan once said in an interview with **.
In the international environment in the new era, the problem of high-end ERP "blockage" is still prominent, but the industry's attention is still on the hardware, Ni Guangnan believes that it is very important to solve the problem of ERP software "blockage", and the localization of software is related to national and enterprise information security. The localization of ERP software is not a simple software substitution, but a new generation of technology, platforms and applications to combine the digital and intelligent upgrading of enterprise software with the domestic substitution of information and innovation, so as to achieve "value-based domestic substitution", so as to solidly promote the development of enterprises and even the entire industry. As a core force in the development of the digital economy, software will inevitably become a key area for the development of various countries.
Combined with the different product forms, uses and characteristics, industrial software can be divided into four categories: R&D and design, production control, information management and embedded software. There are the following "blocking points" or "stuck neck" problems in the field of ERP software in China:
R&D and design industrial software is the shortcoming of China's industrial software, and the localization rate is low. From the perspective of the number of leading enterprises, among the top ten leading enterprises in various segments of R&D and design industrial software, the number of domestic enterprises accounts for a small proportion; From the perspective of actual R&D investment, the total R&D investment of many leading domestic enterprises is less than that of SAP (Global Enterprise Software Merchant SAP). Due to the interdisciplinary and complex engineering characteristics of R&D and design software, it is difficult to commercialize and build an ecosystem.
The localization rate of production control software is more than 50%, and the products are closer to customer needs, but they are mainly concentrated in the low-end market segment, and the scale is relatively small. In the long run, domestic enterprises have a certain degree of localization foundation, the modularization and productization of each manufacturer's solutions are improving, and the reuse rate is constantly improving, forming a virtuous circle.
The low-end market of information management software is basically monopolized by domestic enterprises, and the industry has entered a period of stable development, and for medium and large enterprises, it flexibly provides localization, hybrid cloud, public cloud and other deployment solutions. However, in the high-end market, foreign companies still occupy a high proportion.
In the embedded software market, domestic software is slightly longer than foreign giants. The products provided by domestic enterprises have been applied on a large scale in the intelligent transformation, and the localization rate is relatively high.
China is currently facing the problem of upgrading the manufacturing industry, and if the manufacturing industry is to be upgraded, it must have matching ERP software as the cornerstone. As the carrier of process precipitation and inheritance, ERP software involves all aspects of the manufacturing process, and has become the core foundation of forging intelligent manufacturing and operation systemThe key to realizing intelligent manufacturing in the 0 era.
In order to solve the "blockage" of ERP software, avoid being "stuck in the neck", and realize the catch-up and surpassing of foreign advanced industrial software, Ni Guangnan believes that the way out to solve the problem should start from the following aspects:
First, at the national strategic level, it is necessary to seize the new opportunities for development in the era of digital economy, and put high-end ERP software in the key position of the transformation from "Made in China" to "Made in China". ERP software research and development is difficult, the system design is complex, the technical threshold is high, the hardware overhead is large, the compound R&D talent is scarce, and the reliability requirements are high, so the R&D cycle is long and the R&D iteration speed is slow. Software enterprises, industrial enterprises, universities, and scientific research institutions should be encouraged to collaborate in research and development, pay attention to data accumulation, and jointly develop core ERP software for the whole life cycle of products and all aspects of the whole manufacturing process, and gradually solve the situation that ERP software is controlled by others.
The second is to strengthen the support of talent elements and cultivate R&D talents. ERP software research and development needs compound talents with both industry knowledge and software research and development background, and it is necessary to fully tap the scientific research potential of universities and research institutes, benchmark the international leading vocational and technical talent training model, school-enterprise docking, colleges and universities according to industrial needs for directional training, and enterprises attach importance to the re-education and re-training of talents.
The third is to increase capital investment, put the development of ERP software in the same important position in aviation, aerospace, ordnance, shipbuilding and other industries, give full play to the superiority of the national system, and increase investment in research and development.
Fourth, to meet specific needs. Support the development and growth of domestic ERP software enterprises, strengthen in-depth cooperation with international leading enterprises in technology research and development standards, and jointly develop and promote high-end products with China's industrial characteristics.
At present, China's ERP industry has made certain progress and results in solving the problem of "key technology" stuck in ERP software. From the experience of overseas industrial powers, the development of ERP software begins with top-level design, and the focus of policy attention is to increase capital investment, preferential policy support, pay attention to the combination of production, education and research, protect intellectual property rights, and promote talent development.
In this regard, Ni Guangnan said that the core technology of basic software, represented by operating systems, databases, and middleware, has the characteristics of large scale, strong monopoly, and long development cycle, and requires long-term investment and persistence. "If the basic software market is monopolized by foreign countries, the harm caused by the chip shortcoming is no less than the harm caused by the chip shortcoming, and the decision-makers need to continue to pay attention to it. ”
ERP technology is applied to high-tech scenarios.
Independent innovation is the main theme of China's software industry. The chip "stuck neck" is very important, and the problem of software "stuck neck" is also very urgent. Enterprise software has become an important infrastructure in the era of digital economy, firmly supporting the production and operation of today's enterprises. Ni Guangnan said, "China has always advocated open innovation, and this is what we will adhere to. However, China recognizes that there are many key technologies that we cannot get from outsiders, and that key core technologies cannot be bought, bought, or bought, so we must be fully prepared for various situations in the future. (Wen Bilei, Yang Weihong).