The recent hit TV series "Mountains, Rivers and Moonlight" reopened the glorious historical picture of the early years of the Ming Dynasty, and the characters in the play have their own characteristics. Zhu Yuanzhang's older sons have very different personalities, and his daughters-in-law also have their own styles.
Among them, the wife of Zhu Zhang, the king of Qin, shows a complex and deep character image in the play, and her resourcefulness and city government even surpass her husband.
Princess Qin - the wife of a Mongolian woman and a vassal king in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty Among Zhu Yuanzhang's many daughters-in-law, Princess Qin is a special existence.
She was not only a Mongolian woman, but also an important bet for Zhu Yuanzhang in the late Yuan and early Ming eras. This article will tell the story of the wife of this vassal king in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties from the perspective of historical background and historical materials.
The story begins with another person, who is Chakhan Timur. In the eleventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1351), the natural disasters made the people miserable, and Emperor Yuan Shun had to recruit tens of thousands of migrant workers to dredge the Yellow River.
At this time, in order to resist, a man named Han Shantong led Liu Futong, Du Zundao and others to incite the people to rebel, with the slogan "Anti-Yuan and Song Dynasty". When the oppressed people heard the call, they took up the ** to fight against the Yuan Dynasty, and in less than half a year, Han Shantong's righteous army numbered more than 10 thousand.
Because all the rebels wore red scarves, they were also called "Red Turban Army". Two years later, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Turban Army, and he was first subordinate to the Haozhou Red Turban Army. In order to suppress the uprising of the Red Turban Army, Emperor Yuan Shun sent a general to lead his troops south, this person's name was Li Chahan, and the Mongolian name was Chakhan Timur, who served as the imperial lieutenant of the Yuan Dynasty at that time, and also served as the political affairs of Pingzhang in Henan Province.
According to the "Yuan History, Volume 141", Chakhan Timur was a Mongolian nobleman, and after the death of his sister, he adopted a son and a daughter under his sister's knees, and adopted them as righteous sons and daughters, among which the righteous son was named Kuangkuo Timur, and the Chinese name was Wang Baobao.
Tsakhan Timur was so important in the court that he decided to adopt his son, Kokor Timur, as his heir. Chakhan Timur had a profound influence on politics, but his fate changed at the end of the Yuan dynasty.
With the rise of Zhu Yuanzhang, Chakhan Timur became his opponent, and the struggle between them became an important event in the history of the Yuan Dynasty. Although Chakhan Timur was ultimately defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang, his daughter-in-law, Princess Qin, remained in Zhu Yuanzhang's harem and became a unique existence.
Zhu Yuanzhang's second daughter-in-law, Guanyinnu, is the protagonist of this article, she grew up with her uncle Chakhan Timur when she was a child, Chakhan Timur used soldiers like a god, but was eventually killed by the fake surrender of Tian Feng and Wang Shicheng.
After the death of Tsakhan Timur, his righteous son Wang Baobao took over and continued to quell the rebellion. At the same time, Wang Baobao was named "Crown Prince Zhan Shi" and became a close confidant of Emperor Yuan Shun's crown prince.
After Wang Baobao inherited the throne, Guanyinnu always followed him. Wang Baobao is not only a ruthless character, but also a military wizard, he almost swept the Yellow River Valley, and the northern Red Turban Army was beaten by him.
In the twentieth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1360), Chen Youliang killed his boss Xu Shouhui and went downstream, intending to attack Zhu Yuanzhang; Zhang Shicheng is also competing with Zhu Yuanzhang for Zhenjiang, Changxing and other places.
Chen Youliang was in the west, Zhang Shicheng was in the east, plus Wang Baobao in the north, Zhu Yuanzhang was attacked on three sides. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Zhu Yuanzhang planned to stabilize Wang Baobao first.
According to the record of "History of the Ming Dynasty, Volume One Hundred and Twenty", Zhu Yuanzhang tried to get along with Wang Baobao, but Wang Baobao did not respond. As it turned out, Wang Baobao did not go south, but fought with another general of the Yuan Dynasty, Polo Timur.
Their feud sparked infighting, which led them to attack each other in the Yellow River Valley. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng were grabbing territory in the Yangtze River Basin.
In addition, Wang Baobao's father-in-law's former subordinate Li Siqi was also engaged in infighting, and the two sides also fought a few times.
In that era of flames, Guanyinnu, as Wang Baobao's younger sister, followed him to the north and south, and witnessed the course of his brother's southern expedition to the north. Under the protection of his brother, Guanyin Nu also gradually grew up.
Wang Baobao struggled with his opponents for eight years, but due to Emperor Yuan Shun and the crown prince's **, Wang Baobao could not get the support of the imperial court. Despite this, he still chose to garrison troops in Shanxi to preserve his strength, rather than contributing to Zhu Yuanzhang's victory.
Emperor Yuan Shun urged Wang Baobao to go south many times, but he was always unmoved, and even had the idea of self-reliance. During this period, it was a critical moment for Zhu Yuanzhang to unify the Yangtze River Basin.
After killing Zhang Shicheng, Zhu Yuanzhang tried to recruit Wang Baobao, but Wang Baobao killed his messenger. The obsession with what he couldn't get made Zhu Yuanzhang want to recruit Wang Baobao even more.
In July of that year, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to the Northern Expedition. Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and others set out from Shandong and directly attacked Tongzhou. Seeing this, Emperor Yuan Shun could only flee to the grassland.
After the Ming Dynasty army occupied Dadu, Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da to turn around and march westward to Shanxi. And Shanxi is Wang Baobao's territory. The first Ming Dynasty general to fight against Wang Baobao was Zhu Yuanzhang's childhood friend Tang He.
Although Tang He's military ability cannot be compared with that of Xu and Chang Er, he was also the founding general of the Ming Dynasty. However, in the battle with Wang Baobao, Tang He suffered heavy losses after only one round, losing more than 10,000 people.
Luckily, he escaped in time to save his life.
Xu Da set up an elite ambush in Baoanzhou, Hebei Province on the way to Wang Baobao's urgent march, and the battle almost wiped out Wang Baobao's entire army. According to the "Chronicle of the History of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 9", Wang Baobao was lighting a candle in the reading tent, so that two boys holding a book were suddenly attacked, and they were at a loss in a hurry, so they only had time to put on a boot, ride a horse, and flee in embarrassment with eighteen horsemen.
With his ingenious ambush strategy, Xu Da won a great victory, successfully capturing more than 40,000 prisoners alive, and also obtained a special trophy: a boot that he did not have time to wear and Wang Baobao's sister Guanyin Slave.
This battle made Xu Da famous and became one of the founding heroes of the Ming Dynasty.
Xu Da and Guanyinnu successfully delivered Wang Baobao's boots to Zhu Yuanzhang, which made him ecstatic. Although Guanyin did not give in in Nanjing, Zhu Yuanzhang showed great patience and tolerance, providing her with favorable living conditions.
Zhu Yuanzhang's real target is Guanyinnu's elder brother Wang Baobao. Wang Baobao fled to Gansu in December of the second year of Hongwu, reconvened his old army, and then conquered Qingyang and Lanzhou.
Although Lanzhou defender Zhang Wen resisted desperately, due to the disparity in strength, Lanzhou fell into danger. After learning the news, Zhu Yuanzhang was shocked and immediately sent Xu Da and Li Wenzhong to divide their troops north, Xu Da went to Lanzhou to attack Wang Baobao, and Li Wenzhong went straight to Yingchang.
Xu Da and Wang Baobao faced off in Gansu, and the two sides were deadlocked. Xu Da used a unique tactic of sending people to make noise to disturb Wang Baobao at the upwind port, causing his soldiers to be unable to rest properly and become drowsy.
Taking advantage of the continuous sound of gongs and drums, Xu Da suddenly launched an attack and defeated Wang Baobao in one fell swoop. Wang Baobao was so badly defeated that he and his wife had to flee to the Yellow River on a horse.
Under the pressure of the pursuers, Wang Baobao was lucky to find a rotten log, and he and his wife crossed the Yellow River with this log, so that they could escape Xu Da's pursuit.
In the fourth year of Hongwu, Xu Da returned to the dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang decided to marry Guanyin Nu to Zhu Zhang, the king of Qin, to show respect for Wang Baobao. Prior to this, when Xu Da and Chang Yuchun attacked Dadu, the prince had urgently summoned Wang Baobao to rescue him, but Wang Baobao did not go to resist the decree, and the two broke up since then.
After Wang Baobao was defeated twice, Zhu Yuanzhang hoped that he could "abandon the darkness and turn to the light" and give his sister Guanyinnu the favor of being his daughter-in-law. Considering that the crown prince Zhu Biao was already married, and the second son Zhu Fan had just turned 15 years old, Zhu Yuanzhang canonized Guanyin Nu as the princess of Qin, and held a wedding in October of that year.
However, before that, Zhu Yuanzhang originally planned to let Deng Shi, the daughter of the founding general Deng Yu, be his second daughter-in-law, and Zhu Fan also liked Deng very much. But in order to show respect for Wang Baobao, Zhu Yuanzhang canonized Guanyin Nu as the concubine of King Qin, and Deng became the concubine of King Qin.
This made Zhu Zhang, the king of Qin, very unhappy, and his beloved Deng became his side room.
According to the record of "Ming Taizu Record", when Guanyinnu learned that he was going to marry Zhu Yuanzhang's son, he resolutely opposed it. Because her grandfather, Aruwin (Timur's father), had died less than three months ago, and she thought it would be unfilial if she married during the mourning period.
In addition, in ancient times, women's marriages usually required parental consent, and Guanyinnu's parents were no longer alive, and she needed the consent of her brother before she could marry. However, Zhu Yuanzhang was anxious to complete the marriage, and ordered Tao Kai, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, to find a way to insist on completing the marriage as soon as possible.
Eventually, Guanyin Nu was forced to put on a wedding dress and became the princess of Qin.
In the canonization of Guanyin Nu as the princess of Qin, the Ministry of Rites used"Famous and virtuous women"Come and praise Guanyin slave to help my family. However, in fact, these are for Wang Baobao.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang has many children, and his sons have their own characteristics. The eldest son Zhu Biao is calm, the third son Zhu Di has a bold personality, the fourth son Zhu Di is brave and good at fighting, and only the second son Zhu Biao is a little reckless, slightly less capable and has an extreme personality.
According to the "Qinlu of Emperor Taizu", the relationship between Zhu Fan and Guanyinnu was tense after marriage, and even clashed many times. The main reason is that Zhu Fan is prejudiced against Mongolian women, and Guanyin Nu is also resistant to marrying Zhu Zhang.
Later, Deng Yu's daughter Deng became Zhu Zhang's side concubine, and Zhu Fan was extremely fond of Deng. According to historical records, Zhu Fan listened to Deng's words and imprisoned the princess Wang elsewhere, and only used shabby utensils to send her unclean and stale food every day.
Wang's days in the Qin Palace's were like prisoners.
Zhu Zhang's evil deeds are too numerous to mention. He acted recklessly in his fiefdoms, killing innocents indiscriminately, and forcibly castrating boys from the common people. He abused the Qin palace in the palace and brutally cut out the tongue of the elderly grandmother.
These atrocities made the people of Xi'an hate him. When Zhu Yuanzhang learned of these things, he was extremely angry, and even scolded Zhu Fan like a beast. He warned Zhu Fan that if Zhu Biao cleaned him up after his death, it would be purely his own fault.
In the twenty-third year of Hongwu, although Deng Yu has been an ancient man for many years, the Korean prince Li Shanchang was exterminated because of the Hu Weiyong case, which led to Deng Yu's eldest son Deng Ming also being implicated. After that, Zhu Yuanzhang heard that Zhu Zhang, the king of Qin, was very fond of the side concubine Deng, but he was cold and abusive to the main concubine Wang, and he was displeased, so he ordered the Deng family to die.
Although Zhu Fan was reluctant to give up the Deng family, he was helpless under the pressure of the palace envoys, so he could only watch the Deng family leave. After Deng's death, Zhu Yuanzhang made a suggestion to Zhu Zhang, hoping that he would respect the concubine Wang, but Zhu Fan did not listen to his father's teachings, but blamed Deng's death on Wang and imprisoned her in the palace.
Because no one in the palace of the King of Qin could admonish Zhu Zhang, his indulgence intensified, and the palace people were worried about this, and the princess of Qin lived like a year.
4. Endless Suffering and Death In the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu, Zhu Fan inflicted all kinds of cruel torture on the palace people. He cut off their tongues, buried them in the snow and froze to death, tied them to trees and starved to death, and even burned them with fire.
It is recorded in the history books that he illegally inflicted these tortures on the palace people, causing them to spend the rest of their lives in pain. Seeing this, the old and young palace people could only worry about their own lives.
Eventually, the three old women decided to take extreme measures and poisoned Zhu Fan to death in the hope of escaping from his rule. Although their actions were illegal, in those days and times, they had no choice.
Zhu Fan died young at the age of 40. When Zhu Yuanzhang heard this, his heart was extremely heavy. He gave Zhu Fan the nickname of "Sorrow", and sighed: "It's amazing! What you have done is unmatched by anyone throughout the ages! If you are judged according to the law, your sins will never be forgiven! ”
Zhu Yuanzhang felt sorry for Zhu Zhang, but he was Zhu Zhang's father after all, and he still couldn't help but favor his son in his heart.
He not only ordered the execution of Zhu Zhang's ** and his family, but also ordered a funeral ceremony for Zhu Zhang. According to the record of "Yishan Tang Collection", Zhu Yuanzhang ordered on the fourth day of the fourth month of April in the 28th year that Wang was martyred for Zhu Zhang, and was given the nickname of "Martyr", and was buried with Zhu Rong in Hongguyuan.
Zhu Yuanzhang also ordered all of Zhu Zhang's palace concubines to be martyred for him, including the princess of Qin. Although Princess Qin survived Zhu Zhang, the king of Qin, she could not escape Zhu Yuanzhang's sanctions.
According to Zhu Yuanzhang's will, Wang will be buried in the same tomb with Zhu Fan after his burial. This couple, who have never really loved, were finally fate together.
In ancient history, there was such a unique phenomenon. In people's hearts, those things that cannot be obtained always seem more beautiful and precious. For example, the fate of Princess Qin, there is no love, only burial, but this has not changed people's attention and sympathy for her.
Similarly, for Zhu Yuanzhang, failing to recruit Wang Baobao became one of the three major regrets of his life. He sent people to persuade him to surrender, but Wang Baobao cut off one of his arms, which made him completely lose hope.
However, Zhu Yuanzhang still firmly believes that Wang Baobao will reappear one day, and he always keeps thinking of him in his heart. This is the charm of history, it fills people with expectations and illusions, and it also gives us a deeper understanding of the truth that "what you can't get, is always the best".
In the royal conspiracy, Zhu Zhang's marriage is regarded as a bargaining chip, and Princess Qin is a hole card in Zhu Yuanzhang's hand. However, this hole card never came in handy.
Until Zhu Zhang's death, Zhu Yuanzhang's life was about to come to an end, he had lost hope in Wang Baobao, and deeply felt the misfortune of his son, so he decided to let Guanyinu end her tragic fate by martyrdom.
In "The Book of Songs, Wei Feng and Hooligans", there is a ill-fated woman who is severely beaten by her husband if she disagrees with her words, and her brothers not only do not sympathize with her, but laugh at her.
She could only bear it all quietly and grieve alone. Guanyinnu, as the righteous daughter of Chakhan Timur and the younger sister of Wang Baobao, spent her whole life in wandering, the first half of her life was displaced by her brother, and the second half of her life was regarded as a bargaining chip.
Her true fate is not as brave and decisive as Zhao Min in "Heaven and Dragon Slayer", nor is she as ruthless as Princess Qin in "Mountains, Rivers and Moonlight", but a woman who is tricked by fate.
Lu Xun once mentioned in "Essays on Jieting": "I don't believe that Zhaojun can be Anhan when he goes out of the fortress, Mulan can protect Sui when he joins the army, Daji dies Yin, Xi Shi dies in Wu, Yang Guifei rebels in the Tang Dynasty and other historical legends." ”
In ancient patriarchal societies, women's influence was limited, but some people were accustomed to pinning expectations and responsibilities on them, or blaming them for failures.
The protagonist of this article, Guanyinnu, is a representative of this kind of role, and was pinned on by Zhu Yuanzhang from the beginning, which is also the source of her tragedy. Her life is full of tragedy, caused by multiple factors, although it may not deserve everyone's sympathy, but it is worth pondering.