Foreword
In the "Groundwater Management Regulations", the competent departments of water administration, natural resources, ecology and environment shall establish a unified national groundwater monitoring network and groundwater monitoring information sharing mechanism to carry out dynamic monitoring of groundwater.
**The water administrative department is responsible for the unified supervision and management of groundwater in the country.
**The competent department of ecology and environment is responsible for the supervision and management of groundwater pollution prevention and control nationwide.
**The competent departments of natural resources and other departments shall do a good job of groundwater investigation, monitoring and other related work in accordance with the division of responsibilities.
What is a groundwater monitoring network?
Network of groundwater monitoring stationsis a network of groundwater monitoring sites.
These monitoring stations are usually located in areas where groundwater is abundant or important, and are used to monitor indicators such as groundwater level, water quality, and quantity.
Through real-time collection and transmission of monitoring data, the network of groundwater monitoring stations provides timely understanding of the status and changes of groundwater resources, and provides a scientific basis for the management and protection of groundwater resources.
Implications for groundwater monitoring
The layout of the groundwater monitoring station network usually takes into account the spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater to cover the entire groundwater basin or key water resources management area.
In recent years, the development and utilization of groundwater resources plays an important role in social and economic development, but due to improper development and management, irregular and uncontrolled overexploitation, many areas have begun to appear permanent funnel collapse areas after a large amount of over-exploitation of groundwater, and shallow groundwater resources are gradually facing serious pollution problems, which not only cause great harm to the local economic and social development and ecological environment, but also threaten the sustainable use of water resources.
Water management.
Groundwater is an important freshwater storage and through groundwater monitoring, we can timely understand the indicators of groundwater level, water quality and quantity, provide decision-making basis for water resource managers, rationally plan and allocate groundwater resources, and ensure sustainable use.
Water environment protection.
Groundwater monitoring can detect and monitor the pollution of groundwater in a timely manner, including various chemical substances, heavy metals and organic pollutants. Through monitoring data, it is possible to assess the water quality status of groundwater and take early measures to prevent the spread of pollution and protect the groundwater environment.
Flood prevention and control. Groundwater monitoring can provide changes in groundwater level, especially in the process of rainfall, timely grasp the changes in groundwater level, provide early warning and safety for flood prevention and control, and ensure the safety of people's lives and property.
Underground works management.
Groundwater monitoring is of great significance for the construction and operation management of underground engineering. By monitoring the groundwater level and water quality, we can effectively prevent groundwater inflow, leakage and instability of underground engineering, and ensure the safety and sustainable development of underground engineering.
Construction and installation of groundwater monitoring
The construction site of groundwater monitoring wells is generally in the wild, and the traffic in the area is not smooth, and there is a lack of municipal electricity**, especially in some remote areas, and its network signal is very weak.
Installation of groundwater monitoring wellhead protection devices. Specific installation points should include:
1) The cement base is built to the part of the well pipe beyond the ground, which is used as the well platform, and then the wellhead fixed point is set.
2) When setting the elevation of the fixed point, select the embedded iron, which is usually located near the wellhead, and at the same time, the instrument mark should be installed at the wellbed.
Techniques and analysis of groundwater monitoring
Groundwater monitoring usually requires a combination of on-site measurement and experimental analysis, and the use of chemical analysis methods and various analytical instruments to monitor groundwater quality, so groundwater environmental monitoring methods and technologies are scientifically and reasonably adopted for different specific situations.
Extraction method
Extraction treatment is one of the most common methods in water environment monitoring technology, which can be treated in physical, chemical and biological ways.
The pumping treatment method mainly uses wellbores or wellbores to set up pumping wells below the groundwater level to pump contaminated groundwater to the surface for treatment. In the process of pumping groundwater, a variety of treatment technologies can be applied, such as physical treatment (air flotation, filtration, adsorption, etc.), chemical treatment (oxidation, precipitation, neutralization, etc.), biological treatment (biodegradation, bioadsorption).
The extraction treatment method is widely used in groundwater pollution remediation and water environment treatment, which can effectively remove pollutants in groundwater and restore the water quality of water bodies.
2.Hydrodynamic control technology
Hydrodynamic control technology is a physical method that is primarily used to monitor water quality in real time.
Hydrodynamic control technology can combine sensors, data acquisition equipment and real-time monitoring systems to monitor and analyze the flow, turbulence, pressure and other parameters of the water body in real time. Through real-time monitoring, it can provide information on water quality changes and hydrodynamic characteristics, and provide a scientific basis for water environment management and water resource protection.
The main methods of use include: flow velocity measurement, eddy current measurement, water level measurement, water pressure measurement, water simulation and test, etc.
3.In-situ processing
In-situ treatment reduces the need to pump groundwater to the surface for treatment, mainly by treating it directly in contaminated groundwater areas.
4.Parameters of groundwater that need to be monitored
Water level: Measure changes in the height of the water table using devices such as water level gauges or pressure sensors. Groundwater trends and hydrological dynamics can be understood through regular water level monitoring.
Water quality: Use water quality sampler or water quality monitoring equipment to monitor the water quality parameters of groundwater, such as pH value, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, heavy metal content, etc. Water quality monitoring can assess the water quality status and degree of contamination of groundwater.
Flow: Measure the velocity and flow of groundwater using equipment such as a flow meter or velocity meter. Flow monitoring can be used to estimate the amount of groundwater recharge and discharge, and to understand the movement characteristics of groundwater.
Pore water pressure: Monitor pressure changes in groundwater or pore water using equipment such as pressure sensors or manometers. Pore water pressure monitoring can be used to study groundwater level changes and groundwater-soil interactions.
Geophysical Survey: Using geophysical methods, such as resistivity measurement, acoustic logging, etc., to detect the distribution and characteristics of groundwater. Geophysical surveys can provide information on the spatial distribution of groundwater aquifers and estimates of groundwater reserves.
Remote sensing technology: using satellite remote sensing or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other technical means to obtain groundwater-related remote sensing images and data. Remote sensing technology can be used to monitor the interrelationship between surface water bodies and groundwater, and to estimate the recharge sources and discharge areas of groundwater.
Application of big data technology for groundwater monitoring
The combination of groundwater monitoring and big data can improve the efficiency of data processing and analysis, and provide more accurate information for decision-making, early warning and management
1.Big data analysis can help obtain the geographic location information of groundwater, and the main data can include groundwater monitoring site data, groundwater level data, remote sensing data, geological and topographic data, hydrogeological data, etc.
2.The application of big data in groundwater level monitoring can improve the efficiency of data processing and analysis, provide accurate water level information for water resource managers, and the application of big data technology can realize remote viewing of groundwater level, according to the data parameters obtained by monitoring, and carry out visual display;
3.Big data technology can provide comprehensive data analysis and information support in groundwater pollution monitoring, and help to detect and evaluate groundwater pollution in a timely manner.
Using big data analysis and machine learning algorithms, groundwater contamination models can be built. Through the analysis of historical data and environmental factors, the development trend of groundwater pollution in the future can be improved, and early warnings can be issued to provide timely pollution control and response measures. Realize the sharing and collaborative governance of groundwater pollution monitoring data.