The voltage level of residential alternating current is based on a series of considerations and trade-offs. Choosing a specific voltage level takes into account factors such as the design of the power system, safety, efficiency, and the needs of the user. Here are some of the main factors that influence voltage selection:
1.Safety Considerations: Higher voltages increase the risk of electric shock and fire. Voltages of 110 volts and 220 volts are already considered relatively safe in use, while also being sufficient for most domestic and commercial needs.
2.Device design: Household appliances and equipment are often designed for specific voltage levels. Choosing a common voltage standard can help ensure that devices are compatible and can be used across geographies.
3.Power loss: As the current travels through the wires, the power loss is proportional to the square of the current. By using higher voltages, it is possible to reduce power losses during transmission. Therefore, in power transmission, the use of high voltages allows for more efficient transmission of electrical energy.
4.Economical: Choosing the right voltage level is also influenced by economic factors. The cost of building and maintaining higher voltage systems can increase, while common voltage levels such as 110 volts and 220 volts have relatively low costs.
In China, 110 volts and 220 volts are the two most common voltage levels for different applications. For example, 110 volts are commonly used in homes and offices, while 220 volts are commonly used in some large household appliances and some industrial applications.
As for why higher high-voltage electricity is not used, this can lead to higher safety risks, more expensive equipment and infrastructure costs, and greater shock and fire hazards. In the civilian sector, voltages of 110 volts and 220 volts have been considered to strike the right balance in terms of safety and economy.