In recent years, electric bicycle safety accidents have occurred frequently, and the cases of property damage in some cities have become the focus of attention of the whole society. There are different theories about the causes of the accident, but it is clear that this exposes a lot of "non-compliance" in the development of the electric bicycle industry and user specifications.
However, the social mood often attributes the cause of the accident to the unsafety of certain products, which is biased, and even some irrational and rhythmic remarks will appear, misleading the public's cognition. If you listen to it, you will be clear, and if you believe it, you will be darkUnfounded speculation will only cover up the real problems that caused the accident, and will not help solve the safety problem and avoid the occurrence of future safety accidents, but will be harmful.
The reason why there is the spread of biased remarks is mainly because many people have certain blind spots on the problem of electric bicycles and lack awareness of many "non-compliant" behaviors. Today, we will systematically and comprehensively analyze the multiple inducements existing in electric bicycle safety accidents, look at the problem objectively, dialectically and rationally, and break the cognitive blind spot, in order to promote the solution of electric bicycle safety problems.
"Non-compliant".It is a common cause of accidentsHayne's Law states that behind every serious accident, there must be 29 minor accidents, 300 near-miss precursors and 1,000 hidden accidents. The law points out two points: first, the occurrence of accidents is the result of the accumulation of quantity, and the accumulation of various causes of "non-compliance" eventually leads to serious consequences; Second, no matter how good the technology is, no matter how complete the product is, at the practical operation level, it is impossible to avoid problems due to negligence or cognitive blind spots.
When it comes to the safety of electric bicycles, it is also many "non-compliance" and "cognitive blind spots" that have led to this stubborn disease.
Let's start with a set of data:
Fire accidents mostly occur in non-standard and over-standard vehiclesThe above is caused by unauthorized modification of vehicles, or caused by daily non-standard "overcharging" and "overnight charging";
According to fire statistics, the vehicles involved in the accident**The above is caused by the purchase of inferior batteries by people such as takeaways and substitute drivers;
In the case of an electric bicycle fire causing a personIt occurs in places such as foyers, aisles and stairwells, and there are great deficiencies in fire protection and property management;
The fire of electric bicycles occurred during charging, half of which occurred during charging in the middle of the night, and the user's non-compliant use behavior was also an important factor;
Through statistical data, it can be seen that electric bicycle safety accidents involve non-standard charging behavior, illegal modification of vehicles, no concept of reasonable parking places for vehicles, lack of management, use of inferior lithium batteries, etc. It can be said that the reasons are complex and there are many problems.
However, without exception, they can be included in the categories of "non-compliance" and "cognitive blind spots". Following this line of thought, let's do a further analysis:
1. At the vehicle level, there are a large number of non-compliant over-standard vehicles
Safety Technical Specifications for Electric Bicycles (GB 17761-2018), that is, the new national standard has been issued in 2018, and most of the transition periods for over-standard vehicles set up in various places will be in 2023 to the end, but as of now, there are still a large number of over-standard vehicles on the road, and a large number of non-standard vehicles and over-standard vehicles are still sold in the market. Please note that theThe mandatory national standard is in the name of "safety technology", and the starting point is to ensure the safety of electric bicycles
2. At the user level, non-standard use behaviors bring hidden dangers
As mentioned above, the actor factor, as a variable that is difficult to control effectively, also leads to security problems to a large extent. As far as electric bicycles are concerned, the non-compliance behaviors of users are mainly manifested in:
First of all,Charging is not standardized, charger abuse, such as flying wire charging, charging in non-compliant places, using chargers produced by informal manufacturers, misuse of chargers that do not match the vehicle's electrical system, etc. The data shows that most of the e-bike accidents occur in the charging stage, and the above non-compliant behaviors must be taken seriously.
Secondly,Unauthorized modification of vehiclesSome electric bicycle users irrationally pursue ultra-long battery life and super power, and modify the original electrical equipment such as the motor, electronic control, circuit, and battery of the vehicle without permission, which not only damages the stability of the vehicle's electrical system, but also destroys the safety protection design of the vehicle.
Again,Expired use of the vehicleGenerally speaking, the average lifespan of electric bicycles is between 3 and 5 years, and there are hidden dangers of aging electrical circuits and increased risk of short circuits when they are out of service. However, there are still a large number of vehicles that are overdue, as well as the purchase of second-hand cars that are overdue, which poses a threat to safety.
3. At the electrical level, inferior lithium batteries are very harmful
Lithium batteries are increasingly becoming the mainstream choice of the electric bicycle market with the advantages of lightness and durability, but under the huge market demand and interests, some workshop-type small enterprises use retired batteries and B product cells for simple and crude assembly, without technology, equipment, and product quality testing, which is completely unable to guarantee safety; Some online channels and offline stores also privately sell low-cost and low-quality batteries and provide users with services for illegally modifying batteries, forming a gray industrial chain and laying huge safety hazards for the occurrence of lithium battery safety accidents.
Among them, the purchase of counterfeit and shoddy lithium batteries by practitioners in the takeaway and driving industries is the most concentrated, which directly leads to vehicles engaged in takeaway and drivingIn**Up to 95% of vehicles involved in accidents. The harm of inferior lithium battery can be considered to have reached a situation where it must be solved quickly and strictly.
4. At the level of public management, there are cognitive blind spots
Through many cases of electric bicycle safety accidents,It can be found that the lack of community or property management due to the blind spot in cognition has caused greater losses to accidents that could have been avoided or can be limited to a controllable range。Specifically, let's analyze:
First of allLack of charging facilitiesIf the charging facilities are insufficient, it is difficult to eliminate the flying wire charging that the user has privately connected, and it is difficult to avoid leakage, short circuit, and overload.
And then there'sCentralized parking and charging places for vehicles are not standardizedEspecially in urban communities, a large number of electric vehicles need to be parked, especially for shelter from the wind and rain, and choose to park and charge in public corridors, foyers, overhead floors and other places, which seriously affects fire safety. The National Fire and Rescue Administration has made it clear that if there is a public foyer, evacuation walkway, stairwell or safety exit in the overhead floor of a high-rise civil building, electric bicycles shall not be parked or charged.
Special mentioned:Fire protection facilities are not in placeFailure to fulfill the responsibility of fire safety management, residential areas generally do not install smoke alarms, sprinkler fire extinguishing devices and monitoring equipment and other fire-fighting facilities near public charging piles, when faced with sudden fires, often miss the opportunity to extinguish in time.
"Compliance" is a good way to eliminate accidentsAll of the above, taken togetherThe safety of an e-bike is oneMulti-causal, multi-dimensional, multi-responsibleSystemic issues,In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to systematically manage and use compliance. This requires market regulators, upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, and users to work together to eliminate blind spots, clarify the causes, standardize behaviors, and jointly eliminate electric bicycle safety accidents. Relevant ideas and suggestions are put forward:
1. Strengthen the system construction and management of "compliance".
1) Strictly implement the "Safety Technical Specifications for Electric Bicycles" (i.e., the new national standard) and put safety first.
2) It is recommended that the competent authorities crack down on offline modification and sales channels, strengthen the supervision of illegal online sales, heavily punish modification and sales, and crack down on inferior batteries, which needs to have the same intensity as cracking down on counterfeit drugs.
3) For special scenarios such as takeaway and substitute driving, there should be special solutions to set different standards for different scenarios, such as the introduction of national standards for special electric two-wheeled vehicles for express delivery vehicles and substitute drivers.
4) Strengthen the supervision of batteries, and prevent the retired batteries of new energy vehicles from flowing into the field of electric bicycles and becoming raw materials for illegal battery assembly.
5) Explore new charging modes to solve charging problems, such as using centralized charging mode, battery swap mode, etc.
6) Urge the property management party to strengthen management, put an end to flying wire charging, corridor charging and other behaviors, and the fire protection facilities in the centralized charging area should meet the fire protection requirements and do a good job of safety precautions.
2. Eliminate cognitive blind spots and strengthen user publicity and education
1) Strengthen source safety. When buying an electric vehicle and battery, you should buy it through regular channels. Don't be greedy for cheap and buy "three no" products.
2) Pay attention to parking and charging safety. It is necessary to comply with the parking and charging requirements stipulated by the fire department and the property department, and do not privately pull the wire to charge the flying wire. The charger must use the original charger that matches it.
3) Replace overdue vehicles in a timely manner. To avoid the "overdue service" of the vehicle, the vehicle with aging electrical circuits should be scrapped, and it cannot be continued to be used in order to save costs.
4) Do not modify or mix. Do not modify the battery car and battery without authorization, if you need to replace the battery, you should go to the original place of purchase and purchase the original battery.
5) Strengthen daily self-examination and self-control. In daily life, we should strengthen the inspection of the wires and circuits of electric vehicles to prevent ignition at the contact points caused by poor contact, and avoid short circuits and strings caused by aging and wear of the circuits.
ConclusionIt is not objective and rational enough to attribute electric bicycle safety accidents to a certain level of problem easily and simply. The safety of electric bicycles is related to the safety of life and property of the public, and the causes of accidents can not be ambiguous, let alone find the wrong object, we must systematically examine and think about such phenomena in a way that is not preconceived and uses data to speak, and put forward feasible and effective countermeasures.
Finally, it is expected that all walks of life will work together to solve the exposed safety problems of electric bicycles at multiple levels and from multiple angles from manufacturing, inspection, market, supervision, use to the whole process of manufacturing, inspection, market, supervision, and use, so as to ensure the safety of people's livelihood.