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Histopathological examination is usually used to assess the degree of malignancy of prostate cancer. Pathological examination is the gold standard for assessing the degree of malignancy of prostate cancer. Pathological examination of part or all of the prostate tissue by needle biopsy or surgical resection of the prostate tissue can determine the nature of the tumor, the growth mode, the degree of cell differentiation and other indicators, so as to evaluate the degree of malignancy of prostate cancer.
Depending on the degree of malignancy, prostate cancer can be broadly classified into three types: low-grade, medium-grade, and high-grade. Low-grade prostate cancer has a lower degree of malignancy, a slower development rate, and a better prognosis; High-grade prostate cancer is more malignant, develops faster, and has a poor prognosis. Prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma and ductal adenocarcinoma are often assessed by Gleason score and ISUP (International Urological Society) grading grouping.
The Gleason score was developed by Dr Donald Gleason in 1966. It is divided into 5 grades according to the different tissue structure of prostate cancer, from Gleason grade 1 to Gleason grade 5, the higher the grade, the more complex the structure of the cancer is, and the higher the degree of malignancy. The pathology report usually lists the respective Gleason scores of the main and minor parts of the tumor in a combined manner, such as 3+4, 5+3, etc. According to different Gleason score combinations, they were divided into 5 ISUP groups (group 1-5).