Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), the 32nd term of the United States, and the only person in history to be elected to four consecutive terms. He was born into a wealthy family in New York State and became a lawyer after graduation. In 1905, he married the niece of Theodore Roosevelt of the United States, and later became a senator from New York and Wilson's undersecretary of the Admiralty. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted polio, which paralyzed both legs, but he managed to return to politics through consistent exercise. In 1928, he was twice elected governor of New York.
Roosevelt's New Deal measures during the Great Depression in the United States, as well as his leadership in the fight against fascism in World War II, made him a global historical figure. His foreign policy, including his initial policy of appeasement towards fascist Germany, and his later support for the anti-Hitler coalition through the Lend-Lease Act, showed a tactical adjustment in a complex international situation. Roosevelt actively participated in international conferences, promoted cooperation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain, and expressed sympathy and support for China's war of resistance against Japan.
On January 30, 1948, Gandhi, the spiritual leader of India's independence movement, died at the age of 78 when he was killed by extremists while trying to resolve religious conflicts. The death of the soul of the newly independent country came as a shock to the whole country. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru mourned Gandhi on the radio, saying his departure had brought deep darkness to the country.
Born in 1869, Gandhi read Hindu scriptures from an early age and had a philosophy of kindness to others. He returned to practice law after studying law in London. In 1893, Gandhi went to South Africa to practice law, where he took part in the fight against racial discrimination, developed the idea of nonviolent resistance, and successfully fought for the rights of the Indian diaspora.
Upon his return to India in 1915, Gandhi soon became the leader of the Congress Party, advocating a non-violent non-cooperation movement for India's independence. Although he was imprisoned by the British colonial** for this, his ideas and struggles attracted widespread attention. During World War II, he demanded that Britain withdraw from India, and in 1942 he was arrested for launching another non-cooperation movement.
India declared independence on August 15, 1947, and Gandhi was revered as the nation's guide and philosopher. However, the partition of India and Pakistan made him feel deeply remorseful. In the last months of his life, he remained committed to de-escalating religious conflicts, even to the point of misfortune. Gandhi's body was cremated in accordance with Hindu tradition, and his life and ideas had a profound impact on the world.
On January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany, an event that marked the beginning of the Nazi Party's formal seizure of power in Germany. After the news of Hitler's becoming chancellor, the Communists launched an opposition campaign in Berlin, including the posting of leaflets calling for a general strike across the country. In Berlin, however, the celebration of Hitler's coming to power was much larger than the Communist demonstrations. When the SA SA carried torches through the Brandenburg Gate, they were warmly welcomed by a large crowd.
In this newly formed cabinet, Hitler, Goering, and Flick were the only members of the Nazi Party. Under Hindenburg's instructions, Hitler and the leader of the National People's Party, Hugenberg, formed a coalition cabinet, with Papen as deputy chancellor and Hugenberg as minister of economy and food. The founding of this ** was reached after a series of secret negotiations that marked the beginning of the Nazi Party's dominance in German political life.
On January 30, 1911, a violent eruption occurred at the Taal volcano in the southwestern part of Luzon Island in the Philippines. Taal Lake, a lake located in a volcanic crater, is known for its unique geological features, and the small island of the lake is the Taal volcano itself, which is only 300 meters high and is one of the lowest and smallest active volcanoes in the world.
Since its recording in 1572, the Taal volcano has erupted more than 20 times, each of which has had a significant impact on the topography of the islands and lakes. In this eruption in 1911, the explosion of the volcano in the middle of the waist produced a cloud of smoke up to 10,000 meters high, forming a huge mushroom cloud that blocked the sunlight, and the ash covered an area of 5,000 square kilometers. The eruption resulted in the destruction of most of Taal Volcanic Island, leaving only a small part of the lake exposed, while also making the entire lake deeper.
The by-products of the eruption, including scorching rock chips, devastated villages and towns around Taal Lake, killing about 1,400 people. Since then, the Taal volcano has continued to be active, with eruptions occurring every few years. Among them, the eruption of September 28-30, 1965 was the most violent on record, with ash covering an area of 60 square kilometers, reaching a thickness of 25 centimeters, and accumulating a total of 70 million cubic meters of volcanic material, causing hundreds of people.
The activity of the Taal volcano is not only a valuable resource for geological research, but also a demonstration of the immensity and beauty of nature. Despite the disruption it has caused, it is also a reminder to respect nature and learn to live in harmony with it.