Development is the fundamental way out of all problems. Speeding up the development of the rural economy is the fundamental way to solve the "three rural" problems and the basic premise for promoting rural reform and development. The high-quality development of China's economy is inseparable from the high-quality development of the rural economy, and it is urgent to vigorously improve the development quality of China's rural economy. This paper will improve the path of rural economic development from the perspective of rural entrepreneurship projects and put forward relevant suggestions.
First, the basic content of developing the rural economy.
1) Improve the rural management system. To a certain extent, the lag of the rural management system restricts the development of China's rural economy. It is necessary to conscientiously improve the management system based on household contract management and combining centralized and decentralized management, and while developing and strengthening the rural collective economy, it is also necessary to adopt more flexible and effective policies and measures to encourage and guide the better development of the rural non-public economy.
2) Rely on scientific and technological progress to revitalize agriculture. The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in science and technology and education. "Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and in the development of agricultural economy, we must also give full play to the important role of science and technology. "If we want to achieve better development of the rural economy, we must realize the integration of agriculture, science and technology, and education, shift the development of the rural economy to the track of relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of laborers, constantly introduce high-quality scientific and technological projects, and constantly improve the scientific and technological content of agriculture. We should vigorously grasp grain production and strive to achieve a steady increase in grain production, a sustained increase in agricultural efficiency, a continued increase in peasants' incomes, and an all-round economic and social development in rural areas.
3) Based on the conditions of the village, develop agriculture with special characteristics and realize the industrialized operation of agriculture. Make full use of local advantages, based on village conditions, and develop agriculture with local characteristics. "Rural economic development depends on industry", and the key is to seek breakthroughs in industrial development. Agricultural industrialization is a way to realize large-scale agricultural operations and guide peasants to enter the market on the basis of the household contract management system, and is also an important driving force for structural strategic adjustment.
4) It is necessary to vigorously develop the village-level collective economy and the non-public economy. Strengthening the collective economy at the village level is the material basis for enhancing the cohesion and combat effectiveness of rural grassroots organizations. "Adapting measures to local conditions and selecting the right projects is the premise for the development of the collective economy." There are great differences between rural areas, and the selection of collective economic projects must be based on reality. Actively explore various forms of collective economy at the village level and speed up the development of the collective economy. While upholding the public-owned economy as the mainstay, we should encourage and guide the development of the non-public-owned economy in rural areas through the adoption of flexible policies and measures.
5) Develop advanced productive forces in rural areas. Without a new type of peasantry, there will be no new countryside, and the overall quality of peasants has become a restrictive factor affecting agricultural competitiveness, and we should fully understand the important role of comprehensively improving the quality of peasants in promoting the construction of new rural areas. It is necessary to guide the understanding of all sectors of society to the strategic decision-making of adapting to the construction of the new countryside, and to improve the overall quality of peasants and cultivate new-type peasants throughout the entire process of building the new countryside.
2. Rural advantages from the perspective of entrepreneurship.
Compared with cities, rural areas do have many limitations in terms of transportation, capital, talents, technology, etc., but it should also be noted that there are also many favorable factors for starting a business in rural areas.
1) The resource advantages of rural areas. First, rural areas are rich in land resources. Rural sites are vast, and in large and medium-sized cities, every inch of land is valuable, and site problems are often difficult to solve. Running an enterprise in a rural area can solve the site problem well. Second, rural areas are rich in raw materials. Most of the rural entrepreneurship projects are the processing of agricultural and sideline products or the development and utilization of wildlife resources. Most of the raw materials for these rural entrepreneurship projects come from rural areas, which are easy and widely available. To start a business in rural areas, you can "rely on the mountains to eat the mountains, and rely on the water to eat the water". There is sufficient space for the development of aquaculture in rural areas, and sufficient fodder is available. Third, rural areas are rich in human resources. To set up enterprises in rural areas, the labor force is wide and the number is sufficient. In the past, one of the major problems in rural entrepreneurship was the problem of talent. Nowadays, due to the increasing pressure of urban employment and the improvement of the rural environment, the countryside has gradually become a place of yearning for many college students, and even some overseas students and other outstanding talents hope to return to the countryside to create a career. As long as the project is well designed and selected, it can attract excellent talents.
2) Rural development advantages. First, there is a lot of room for rural development. Rural land is wide and cheap. At present, the contract price of land in rural areas is low, and the threshold for investment in rural areas is far lower than that in urban areas. Rural funding problems have been improved. With the implementation of a series of national policies such as rural revitalization, financial appropriations have gradually been tilted towards rural areas, and the allocation has been increasing. Second, the return on investment in rural areas is large. Most of the raw materials needed for rural entrepreneurship come from the local area, and the labor force is mainly local farmers, which makes the cost of entrepreneurship relatively low. Third, the technical barriers in rural areas are low. After decades of development, the process of urban industrialization has been basically completed, primary industrial production is basically saturated, the technical standards of industrial production are getting higher and higher, and the competition is too fierce; However, most of the rural projects involve agriculture, animal husbandry, processing industry and other agriculture-related industries, and the technical requirements are generally not too high, which is not too difficult for rural grassroots cadres with a low level of education. Fourth, the investment risk is low. Under the new normal of the economy, rural projects are relatively a safe haven, rural land generally does not depreciate, and the nature and scale of entrepreneurial enterprises have a wide range of organizational forms, which reduces the risk of venture capital in rural areas. Fifth, the rural market is large. According to statistics, "the total amount of the rural consumer market can reach 4 trillion yuan per year, and the rural population accounts for about 40% of the country's population, but it accounts for only 22% of residents' consumption." Therefore, the potential of the rural consumer market is quite amazing, and the development prospects are very broad.
3. Rural entrepreneurship helps rural economic development.
Rural entrepreneurship is one of the important paths to promote rural economic development, and it is also an important engine for rural economic growth", which can not only provide more employment opportunities, but also promote the utilization of resources, improve the quality of farmers, improve rural science and technology, and promote the diversified development of rural industries.
1) Increase employment opportunities and help villagers increase their income. Rural entrepreneurship can create more employment opportunities for the local area, help farmers change jobs, and increase income**. To carry out various entrepreneurial projects in rural areas, it is necessary to hire labor to complete the production, sales and service of the projects. This provides more employment opportunities for local villagers.
2) Realize the fuller utilization and transformation of advantageous resources. Rural areas are rich in agricultural resources. In the past, due to the lack of processing and market-based operations, many agricultural products had low added value. However, through agricultural projects such as the processing of agricultural products, the transformation of agricultural products into value-added processed foods has increased market competitiveness. Secondly, the countryside has its own local characteristics, and through rural entrepreneurship, corresponding characteristic industrial projects can be carried out to explore potential benefits, which can not only make better use of rural resources, but also promote the structural adjustment and optimization of the local economy. All in all, "rural entrepreneurship is the concentration and utilization of advantageous resources", which effectively promotes the industrialization and marketization of local resources through rural entrepreneurship and injects new vitality into the development of rural economy.
3) Improve the quality of farmers and cultivate new farmers. Rural entrepreneurship encourages farmers to learn continuously and cultivate a sense of innovation. Through the entrepreneurship project, "farmers can get in touch with advanced management concepts, technology and market information, improve their own quality, and promote the transformation and upgrading of rural industries", and cultivate a group of new farmers who meet the needs of development.
4) Improve the level of rural science and technology. The development of rural entrepreneurship projects can promote the innovative application of agricultural science and technology. Advanced technology will greatly improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce production costs. At the same time, excellent rural entrepreneurship projects can attract talents, "these talents into the countryside will bring their knowledge and technology to the countryside, promote the upgrading of the rural level of science and technology, and will further promote the enthusiasm of rural entrepreneurship".
5) Promote the diversified development of rural industries. Rural entrepreneurship can promote the diversified development of industries and reduce the single dependence of the rural economy. Rural entrepreneurship projects often drive the development of related industrial chains. For example, the development of agricultural product processing enterprises, in addition to product processing, will also involve packaging, transportation, sales and other links, thereby driving the development of peripheral industries.
Fourth, the selection of entrepreneurial projects is the key.
Entrepreneurship projects are an important part of helping rural economic development, and how to screen entrepreneurial projects is the key. The key to the development of rural economy is to select projects around their own advantages, around the location and industrial advantages of the villages, around the market demand to select projects, according to the conditions of the people, according to local conditions, suitable for work, suitable for agriculture. In this regard, this article puts forward the following three suggestions:
1) It is necessary to explore more entrepreneurial models. In the process of screening entrepreneurial projects, you can explore more entrepreneurial models, such as "group entrepreneurship", "joint entrepreneurship", "independent entrepreneurship" and "borrowing a boat to go to sea". Of course, if the grassroots cadres have certain professional ability, financial ability or entrepreneurial experience, then they can choose to carry out some independent entrepreneurship projects; If the capital required for entrepreneurial projects is relatively large and the complementarity of entrepreneurial advantages is relatively strong, then it can adopt the model of joint entrepreneurship such as grassroots cadres empowering large households, grassroots cadres plus leading enterprises, or grassroots cadres plus cooperatives; If there are untapped resources in the village, the method of attracting investment and adopting a cooperative entrepreneurship model can be adopted to help the village increase its collective income; If the entrepreneur lacks entrepreneurial capital but has a certain entrepreneurial ability, he can join forces with large households or relevant enterprises in the village to start a business; Villages can also cooperate with other nearby villages with industrial advantages to form groups to start businesses, so as to better form economies of scale and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
2) It is necessary to increase the risk awareness of the first department. Risk awareness is the basic quality that rural grassroots cadres must possess in the process of starting a business. Before starting a business, we must make comprehensive preparations, carefully analyze the risks that may be encountered in the process of starting a business, and make a plan in advance to eliminate these risks, and know how to deal with them if these risks occur. Whether or not rural grassroots cadres have a sense of risk and the ability to avoid risks will have a direct impact on the success or failure of starting a business. In the process of starting a business, it is necessary to combine the actual situation, choose the entrepreneurial project to be carried out according to local conditions, and at the same time make a comprehensive plan for the project, clarify the entrepreneurial model, and try to reduce the risk of entrepreneurship. It is best to choose a field that you are more familiar with or a project with entrepreneurial experience; The choice of entrepreneurial projects should also be done within one's ability, not blindly starting a business, but choosing according to one's own economic situation; For those entrepreneurial projects with relatively small risks but large capital requirements, it is necessary to flexibly choose the entrepreneurial model when starting a business, and you can choose to finance the business or partner with others; For those entrepreneurial projects with great potential, but lack of capital and technology, you can contact some local large households for help; It is also possible to take advantage of resources to develop efficient agriculture or develop rural areas.
The secondary and tertiary industries should follow the development path of "leading enterprises, cooperative organizations, bases, and peasant households".
3) It is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions and grasp the correct direction. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the local development direction and model, firmly grasp the national policy direction, dig deep into the local advantageous resources, and develop in combination with the actual situation, so as to achieve one village, one product, one township and one industry, and we must make clear what the pillar industries of local economic development are. Secondly, for the grassroots party organizations, we must play an exemplary role in rural entrepreneurship, set an example, help the countryside integrate relevant urban and rural resources, help the countryside to introduce relevant talents and technologies, plan for the future economic development of the countryside from the whole, create a good entrepreneurial environment and atmosphere, and realize the good docking of capital, technology and labor. Adhere to the people-oriented, improve the ability to serve the masses.
V. Conclusion. In recent years, the rural economy has made important development under the leadership of the first class and the support of national policies, but this development is unbalanced. In order to better develop the rural economy, it is necessary to settle in the carrier of rural entrepreneurship projects. Adapting measures to local conditions and combining local advantages to choose entrepreneurial projects that are in line with the development path of the village will directly determine the success of the project. In this regard, grassroots cadres should play a good leading role, explore more and learn more, explore more entrepreneurial models, and provide more options for rural entrepreneurship. It is necessary to enhance their own risk awareness and reduce the risk of entrepreneurship. In the selection of entrepreneurial projects, we must adapt measures to local conditions, combine our own conditions and needs, and select suitable entrepreneurial projects.
Author: Cui Tianyi, Unit: School of International Finance, Sun Yat-sen University).