Don't look at so many SOHOs and foreign trade companies doing foreign trade today, in fact, many people don't know much about the entire foreign trade process. Welcome foreign trade friends to communicate in the comment area.
1. Customer development
Since you want to do foreign trade business, you must have customers, which is the beginning and the foundation.
Some companies will divide customers to business, and this part of the customer must be well maintained, because the cost of developing a customer is much higher than maintaining a customer. On the basis of maintaining old customers, we will develop new customers.
Some companies do not divide customers into business, but have platforms and exhibitions. IMHO, the quality of the inquiry on the platform is not ideal now, and it doesn't take much time. The exhibition is only a few times a year, and it is also possible to develop high-quality customers by taking advantage of the few days of the exhibition.
There are also small partners who complain that the company does not participate in the exhibition, only the platform, and the platform and the company's customer resources are occupied by the old business, and there is no opportunity for new people. This sounds quite aggrieved, but in Ohno's opinion, it is really a godsend, the environment forces you to carve out a path by yourself, and over time, you are the one who will not be eliminated by foreign trade.
In this case, you can take these approaches to development: SNS sites (e.g. LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook), *marketing (e.g. YouTube), blog marketing (e.g. Blogger, WordPress), Google Search, etc. There are so many channels that you only need to master one of them to have enough for you to play. As long as you play well, you can start a business at any time.
Foreign trade information will be shared with you gradually, welcome to the comment area**.
The first link is more important, there is more pen and ink, and the customer development method is shown in the figure below
* Pay attention to 3 issues: exchange rate, ** method, payment method.
Exchange rate: Pay attention to the real-time exchange rate, leave some space when converting, ** indicate in the table that if the exchange rate fluctuates more than 2%, it needs to be re-**. Indicate the expiration date.
*Terms: FOB, CIF, CFR, EXWThere are four main types, with FOB being the most common. (If you don't understand the meaning, you don't ask anyone if you can).
Payment methods: The most common are TT, LC, according to the company's regulations.
Important: Be as detailed as possible, you may only have one chance to email with the customer.
Out of 100**, the customer must pick a clear reply, because the communication cost is high.
3. Talk**
There are customers who place orders directly without bargaining, and this kind of high-quality customers are one in a hundred, and they should be cherished when they encounter it. Ohno often says: don't take advantage of your customers' ignorance to make a profit, or you'll get into trouble. So don't be too ruthless, stop in moderation, and if you want to do long-term business, you have to think about customers everywhere.
Many years ago, we had a foreign trade enterprise meet a big customer who had just entered the industry, did not bargain, made a single to earn 200,000 yuan, and did not do it again after making 2 orders. Because the customer later found out that it was profitable. This loss of trust is irreversible.
The customer who bargained was also quite high-quality, indicating that he had the intention of placing an order. But to the death of the first customer, the whole market than the best customers, no loyalty at all, no respect for our labor results, resolutely give up!
4. Sign the contract
Under normal circumstances, the foreign trade contract is relatively simple, the customer sends PO, the business returns to the past, and both parties sign and seal.
When cooperating with some large companies, there will be some contract attachment clauses, brand authorization letters, etc.
It should be noted that these are not counted as receiving orders, and only after receiving the deposit.
5. Preparation of materials
If it is a factory, place a production notice. If it is a foreign trade company, place a purchase order to the first merchant. This link must be careful, the specification of the goods, the color and the quantity, the packaging must be done according to the customer's requirements or confirm the sample, especially when the purchase order is given to the upstream businessman, the purchase contract must be detailed and accurate. If you make the wrong product, the consequences are unimaginable.
6. Copying
Some companies have a special person to follow the order, and the business can be followed.
Some companies are made by business copying, so they have to keep in close contact with the factory, keep abreast of the production situation, and give feedback to customers in a timely manner. You can book with the freight forwarder one week before the delivery date.
Bohai Technology suggests: If you are the boss, recruit a few merchandisers separately, and don't let the business waste time on these trivial matters. If it's SOHO, then there's no way, you have to take it all in.
7. Inspection
In order to ensure that there is no problem with the quality of the goods, the goods are inspected 1 week in advance.
Customers will generally appoint a special inspection agency (third party), such as SGS, OMIS, BV, etc., to inspect the goods, at this time, it is best to make an appointment for inspection 2 weeks in advance.
If the customer does not inspect the goods, as a foreign trade business, he must go to the factory with QC to inspect the goods and confirm that there is no problem before loading. You can't just take orders, regardless of shipments. If the order is followed, the customer trusts you, and the return of the order is not a problem. If there is a problem, it will be compensated at least and the customer will be lost forever.
After the production is completed and the goods are packed, the factory should provide a packing list to the foreign trade company (including the number of goods, the size, weight, number of pieces, specifications, etc.) of the box.
8. Commodity inspection
After the goods are good, they will be inspected by the State Import and Export Commodity Inspection and Quarantine Bureau (we call it"Commodity inspection"), otherwise it will not be possible to declare the export. (Some products are not required, confirm with your freight forwarder).
If it is an export product subject to statutory inspection, it must apply for an export commodity inspection certificate. It is necessary to provide a copy of the export contract and letter of credit, commercial invoice, packing list, customs declaration, export commodity inspection application form and other materials required for commodity inspection.
If the factory is entrusted with commodity inspection, when placing an order for the factory, the commodity inspection requirements should be stated, and the inspection power of attorney and the above documents should be attached, and the factory should be told the port of departure of the product, so as to facilitate the factory to handle the commodity inspection.
After the commodity inspection agency accepts the inspection, it will send personnel to the factory's goods storage location (such as warehouse) for on-site inspection and appraisal in a timely manner. No problem, they will give you a voucher for the replacement of the commodity inspection certificate, and then exchange it for the customs clearance form for the outbound goods at the commodity inspection bureau where the port of departure is located.
The certificate of origin is provided according to the customer's requirements.
9. Booking
In the case of FOB terms, the customer will appoint a transportation ** company (shipping company), and of course, there are also customers who ask you to help him find it. It is best to book space with the freight forwarding company 2 weeks in advance and get the so (shipping order) in hand, and be sure to connect the delivery time of the factory and the shipping schedule on time to meet the delivery date specified by the customer.
If the freight is paid by the seller (CIF, CNF), you should consult the shipping company or shipping company as soon as possible about the shipping schedule, freight rate, departure port, etc. After comparison, choose the shipping company with the best discount, good reputation and suitable shipping schedule, and inform the customer to confirm.
10, Loading trailer
After confirming with the freight company, provide the factory with a loading information, listing the loading time, cabinet type, booking number, order number, license plate number and driver's contact**.
After the factory has finished loading and the container has left the factory, ask them to provide a loading notice, which lists the time when the container leaves the factory, the actual loading quantity, etc., and records the packing number and seal number as the information of the bill of lading. The factory is required to put a seal on the container after it is loaded.
11. Customs clearance
After loading, the information required for customs declaration will be handed over to the cooperative customs broker, and the export declaration will be entrusted for customs clearance.
Usually two days are allowed for customs clearance (before the ship closes the customs). When entrusting customs declaration, a loading information should be provided, including the loading of goods and quantity, port, shipping company, warehouse number, container number, ship opening and cut-off time, trailer company, cabinet type and quantity, the company's contact person and ** (these are generally freight forwarders and customs brokers contact arrangements).
The professional customs declarant shall go to the customs for customs clearance procedures with packing list, commercial invoice, power of attorney for customs declaration, export foreign exchange settlement verification form, copy of export goods contract, export commodity inspection certificate, etc.
Customs clearance procedures for import and export goods include: acceptance of declarations, examination of documents, inspection of goods, taxation, customs clearance and release, etc.
24 hours before the loading of the goods, you need to declare (i.e. customs declaration) to customs. You will have to submit all kinds of documents to the customs:
1) Customs declaration form for export goods. The customs declaration form is the basic document for the customs to supervise, inspect, collect taxes and statistics of export goods.
2) Export license. Units with the right to operate exports shall export commodities that are not subject to license management within the scope of their business. If the export is beyond the scope of its business, and if the state stipulates that it is necessary to apply for an export license, the export license or other approval documents stipulated by the state shall be submitted to the customs for inspection.
3), Bill of Loading or Waybill (shipping order). A bill of loading is a document issued by a shipping company to the shipper to notify the shipper of the loading of the cargo. After the customs inspection and release, the release seal shall be stamped on the loading bill or waybill and returned to the customs declarant for the export of the goods.
4) Commercial invoice. Invoices are an important basis for customs to collect tariffs.
5) Packing list. It is a detailed supplement to the contents of the invoice.
6) Verification form of export receipts. The documents provided by the foreign exchange administration department shall be stamped with a seal after the customs has completed the customs clearance formalities, and the foreign trade company shall settle and write off the foreign exchange with the foreign exchange administration department on the basis of this.
7) The customs deems it necessary to submit the first contract, certificate of origin and other relevant certificates.
11. Obtain shipping documents.
1) After loading, you can provide the bill of lading supplement to the shipping company or freight **.
2) Urge the shipping company to issue a draft bill of lading and freight bill as soon as possible. Send a draft bill of lading to the customer for confirmation, and then ask the shipping company to issue the original bill of lading after confirmation.
3) Pay the freight and miscellaneous charges in time, and notify the shipping company to obtain the bill of lading and other transportation documents in time after payment.
4) If it is LC clause, complete the documents required by L C.
12. Collection
1) If it is a letter of credit l c to collect foreign exchange, all documents should be prepared within the time specified in the letter of credit, and strictly review the documents, so that the documents are consistent, to ensure that there is no error, before submitting to the bank for negotiation.
2) If you do T/T, the customer will pay a part of the deposit in advance, and the balance will be received before delivery, and some will be paid after the customer sees the scanned copy of the bill of lading. Operate in combination with company regulations and customer conditions.
13. Write-off
Export foreign exchange verification form"It is issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, filled in by the exporting unit, the entrusted bank and the issuing bank, and the customs accepts the customs declaration on this basis, and the foreign exchange administration department verifies and writes off the receipt of foreign exchange with a sequential number voucher (the verification form is accompanied by a stub).
The first step is to open an account, before you apply for the verification form of export receipts (verification form) for the first time, you should go through the registration procedures with the application form, the approval document of the foreign trade and economic cooperation department to operate import and export business, the business license, the customs registration certificate and other materials, and the foreign exchange bureau will go through the registration procedures for your export unit after review.
Next is the order pick-up. Before you start the export business, you should go to the foreign exchange bureau to get the verification form with the letter of introduction from the unit and the seal card of the unit where the account is opened. When you apply for a verification form from the foreign exchange bureau, you must do so on the spot in each verification form"Export units"Fill in the name of the unit or stamp the name of the unit in the column.
The verification form shall be stamped with the official seal of the unit before the official use. The verification form is valid for customs declaration within two months from the date of receipt of the form. The exporter shall, within one month from the date of invalidation, return the unused verification form to the foreign exchange bureau for cancellation. The verification form you fill in is consistent with the relevant content recorded on the customs declaration form for export goods.
When declaring customs, the verification form is indispensable. After handling the customs declaration, within two months from the date of customs declaration, you must present the verification form and the customs issued by the customs with anti-counterfeiting labels and stamps"Certified stamp"The export declaration form and commercial invoice shall be submitted to the foreign exchange bureau for the formalities of sending the stub.
Finally, there is the write-off, which you should present within one month from the date of receipt of the foreign exchange with the verification form and the bank issuance"Special copy for verification of export receipts"and other materials (such as processing with supplied materials, assembly with supplied parts) to provide processing contracts and"Registration booklet"Go to the foreign exchange bureau to handle the verification of export receipts.
14. Tax refund
1) After the customs broker declares, the customs releases, the goods leave the port, and the customs will report the export declaration form to the IRS through the network system.
2) After the bank receives the customer's payment, the bank will report to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange through the online application system for verification and verification of export receipts, and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange will report the information on the verification of foreign exchange receipts to the State Taxation Bureau through the online system.
3), to the electronic port can find out the export declaration form of goods, and print it out for later use. Then according to the name, quantity, and unit on the customs declaration, the factory will be arranged according to the amount of the purchase contract signed with the factory in advance
4) After receiving the factory VAT invoice, enter the VAT invoice number on the tax refund declaration network for certification (if your company does not have this certification key USB flash drive), then go to the IRS in person for certification.
5) After the VAT invoice certification is passed, the system will have a feedback confirmation message, so that you can declare the tax refund on the tax refund declaration online, which needs to be filled in as follows**:
a. Detailed declaration form of export tax rebate purchase of foreign trade enterprises.
b. Summary declaration form of export tax rebate of foreign trade enterprises.
c, export tax rebate export details declaration form of foreign trade enterprises.
Then upload it to the State Taxation Bureau, and after the State Taxation Bureau confirms, print out the above three **, sign the legal person, sign the person in charge of finance, and then attach a copy of the export invoice, and the copy of the tax refund copy of the customs declaration form is stamped with the official seal, and the second copy of the VAT invoice (deduction copy) is bound together with the export enterprise goods tax rebate voucher and the cover is bound together for future reference.
Finally, it is necessary to sit back and wait for the tax refund, which is about 1-3 months. (ENDS).