In recent years, the high incidence of myopia and the low age of myopia have received widespread attention from all walks of life. More and more people have learned that if myopia in childhood and adolescence is not effectively prevented and controlled, once it develops into high myopia, the probability of suffering from rational myopia and other eye diseases in adulthood will increase significantly, and there is even a risk of disability and blindness. Therefore, it is of great significance for parents to pay attention to their children's vision at all times and prevent or control myopia as soon as possible.
In a child's refractive development profile, eye axis monitoring has positive implications for the management of myopia throughout the cycle. Through long-term and regular recording of eye axis changes, the development trend of individual refractive status of children should be monitored, and the refractive development file should be updated every 6 monthsAt a minimum, unaided visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, diopter, etc. should be coveredAxial length, corneal curvature and fundus condition.
What is the eye axis.
The eye axis is a hypothetical line from the median of the cornea to the optic nerve and the fovea of the macular of the retina. The length of this line is the axial length. 
An overview of the axial length range of children of different ages in China.
Different age children have different ways and goals to build a refractive development profile. The goals of myopia prevention and control at different stages of children and adolescents are different, which can be divided into three age groups:
0 to 8 years old, 9 to 13 years old, 14 to 18 years old.
0 to 8 years old: Prevent hyperopia reserves from being depleted too quickly
The first age of myopia prevention and controlKey words: "farsightedness reserve".Core: Prevent hyperopia reserves from being depleted too quickly and prematurely.
People are generally born with physiological hyperopia of about 300 degrees, which is the farsightedness reserve. With the increase of age, the eyes gradually develop towards emmetropia, and the hyperopia reserve will be gradually depleted, and if the hyperopia reserve is depleted too quickly, it is easy to cause myopia to occur early. Through professional examinations such as dilated eye refraction, doctors can understand the child's farsightedness reserve.
6-7-year-old children have a hyperopia reserve of about 100 degrees to 150 degrees. If you don't pay attention to your eye habits, the decline of farsightedness reserve is an early sign of myopia.
Therefore, it is recommended that when the child is 6 or 7 years old, go to the ophthalmology department of a regular hospital to establish a refractive file and check the vision every six months. In addition, there are some cases of "anisometropia" in clinical practice, that is, one eye is nearsighted and the other eye is not myopia. This situation is more complicated, and it will affect the development of children's stereoscopic vision and the judgment of distance.
Ages 9 to 13: Reduce near eye use and increase outdoor activities
The second age group for myopia prevention and controlKey word: "rapid development".Core: Regular check-ups to monitor vision changes.
At this stage, the child's body is in a stage of rapid development, and the axial distance of the eye is also developing rapidly, and once myopia, the speed of development will be particularly fast. Parents should be aware that if a child is always reading close or always squinting at things, then it is possible that they are nearsighted. It is recommended to keep a 3-meter or 5-meter eye chart at home to observe the changes in your child's vision, reduce your child's near eye use, and increase your child's outdoor activity time, which is 1 to 2 hours a day.
If you want to quantify the control of myopia, take a 10-year-old child with 200 degrees of myopia as an example. In the 8 years from 10 to 18 years old, assuming that there is room for myopia growth of 400 degrees, then the child's annual myopia growth degree should be controlled within 50 degrees, and within 25 degrees is more ideal. This stage can be controlled by wearing orthokeratology lenses, defocusing glasses, or low-concentration atropine. In addition to doing our best to prevent and control, it is also necessary to prevent myopia from progressing to high myopia and pathological myopia.
14 to 18 years old: myopia below 600 degrees, axial 26Within 5 mm
The third age group for myopia prevention and control
The key word is "high myopia".Core: Control the development and prevent myopia from becoming highly myopia.
Prevent the possibility of transformation from high myopia to pathological myopia in adulthood. Pathological myopia is a blinding eye disease such as retinal detachment, macular hemorrhage, optic nerve atrophy, etc.
Between the ages of 6 and 11, especially between the ages of 7 and 8, the increase in the child's eye axis is most obvious. At this stage, if you can do a good job in eye axis monitoring, detect abnormal changes in eye axis length in time, and intervene in myopia intervention and management in advance, the myopia management effect will be better and the benefits will be greater.
There are two numbers parents should be aware of:"600 degrees" and "265 mm"., the former refers to the degree of myopia, and the latter is the wheelbase of the eyeball. The degree of myopia is 600 degrees or more, and the axial length is 265 mm and above is considered high myopia. If before the age of 18, the degree of myopia can be controlled within 600 degrees, and the wheelbase of the eyeball can be controlled at 26Within 5 mm, then as the body develops and shapes, the power of the eyes and the wheelbase of the eyeball will basically not change significantly. If the eye exceeds these two values before the age of 18 and develops high myopia, then the power and wheelbase may continue to increase with age, increasing the likelihood of high myopia developing into pathological myopia.
On the road to the management of myopia, taking the child to a professional eye hospital for examination is an important guarantee for the effectiveness of myopia management. Establish a refractive development file for your child as early as possible and take the first step in scientific management of myopia.