Ye Mei. The poems of the poet immortal Li Bai and the poet saint Du Fu are written through the temperament of the ancient Chinese, as Han Yu said: "Li Du's article is here, and the light is long." Of course, the plum blossom, a symbol of Chinese culture, is indispensable for their chanting.
Although Li Bai Yongmei's poems are not many, they are only a glimpse of him, and they have been praised by future generations. "The cold snow and plum are exhausted, and the spring breeze and willows return. Only these two sentences that appeared in "Music in the Palace" swept away thousands of troops, and painted the cold plum and spring willows with the appearance of a poetic fairy.
In contrast, Du Fu's Yongmei poems are much more than Li Bai's, and his poems, as Lu Xun said, "I always feel that Tao Qian stands a little farther away, and Li Bai stands a little higher, which is also the result of the times." Du Fu does not seem to be an ancient, as if he is still alive in our pile today (Liu Dajie's "Lu Xun on Classical Literature") "His poems are simple and natural, describing the time when winter goes to spring, parting feelings, and nostalgia for his hometown, so that later readers can taste all the flavors he experienced even if they did not live in his time."
When he wrote the poem "Jiangmei", he escaped from the war and lived in Kuizhou in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. It can be imagined that when he stared at the plum blossoms by the river, his feelings were complicated, the state affairs were unsettled, the people were devastated, and it was difficult to return home.
Mei Rui La broke before, and there were many plum blossoms after the year.
I know that spring is good, and I am most worried.
The snow tree is the same color, and the river breeze is also self-moving.
The old garden is not visible, and Wu Xiu is gloomy.
Jiang Mei "He must be going to the riverside every day to watch, under the stone steps of the city tower is the surging river to the east, the plum blossoms on the riverside have a faint new bud every day, so he knows that before the wax moon, Mei Rui will bloom, and after the year, one by one the ground will open one after another, that strong spring, how can it not be applauded? But Du Fu's heart has a different kind of sadness, no matter how good the spring is here, he can't forget the hometown in the distance, the river that rises from the wind and waves, setting off layers of waves, he can't see the hometown blocked by mountains and rivers, only the Wushan Kuimen in front of him, towering between heaven and earth.
Du Fu wrote many poems about plum blossoms in his life, and also wrote many poems about homesickness.
He left his hometown of Gongxian County, Henan Province since he was a teenager, traveled around, with the ambition of "to Jun Yao Shun, and then make the customs pure", when he traveled to Wu Yue and Qi Zhao, he wrote the poem "Will be the top of the mountain, a glance at the mountains", revealing the extraordinary vision of his youth. But he was not reused, went to Luoyang should not be the first, after the age of thirty-five in Chang'an to take the exam, and again fell first, and then had to turn away the door of the powerful, living in Chang'an for ten years, running to give, giving gifts, depressed, but thus witnessed the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu's Yongmei poems contain the ups and downs of his life. When he was young, he failed to take several exams, and the embarrassment in Chang'an made him realize the bitter cold of the people and the joys and sorrows of the world.
After the beginning of autumn this year, Du Fu was heartbroken by the dirty current affairs, and gave up the small official position of Huazhou Sigong to join the army, and after several tosses, he came to Chengdu, and then went to Kuizhou.
Kuizhou, now Fengjie in Chongqing, is located in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Du Fu was able to live here temporarily, managed 100 hectares of Dongtun public land for the official family, rented some fields, bought dozens of acres of orchards, hired a few agricultural workers, and personally planted vegetables and took care of the orchards with his family. seems to be comfortable, but in fact, it is also a parasitic fence, often worried about hunger and cold. Du Fu lived in Kuizhou for nearly two years and wrote more than 400 poems, almost one a day, and he was compassionate and compassionate, meticulously writing about the salt industry, boat trades, farms, and Ba people in the Three Gorges area, and was sympathetic to the hard work of the men and women in the Three Gorges. Due to the continuous war, the number of men has decreased, Du Fu wrote in "Negative Salary" that many women "have no husbands in their forty or fifty years", they go up the mountain every day to chop wood and return with a salary, "face makeup and jewelry miscellaneous marks", "ground clothes and cold stone roots", stay up all night, and struggle to survive. Someone ridiculed the women in the Kuizhou area for being rough and ugly, and they couldn't even find their husbands, Du Fu asked: "If the Wushan girl is ugly, how can there be Zhaojun Village?" In "The Most Capable Thing", Du Fu asked those who despised the men of the Three Gorges: "If the Taoist priest is not handsome, how can there be a Qu Yuan Mansion in the mountain?" "Every time I read this, I can't help but be grateful that my deep feelings for the Three Gorges area are so clear and warm.
His neighbor was a poor woman who often secretly went to beat the dates on the date tree in front of Du Fu's house out of fear, and Du Fu knew but never alarmed her. After he moved out, the house was inhabited by a man named Wu Nanqing from Chungju. In order to prevent the poor woman from stealing, Wu Nanqing specially built a fence. After Du Fu heard about it, he hurriedly wrote "Present Wu Lang Again" and advised: "In front of the hall, there is no food and no children, and there is a woman." Rather than be poor and poor? It's only because of fear that you have to be close. Even if there are many things to prevent distant visitors, it is very true to plug in the fence. has sued to solicit poverty to the bone, is thinking about the horse tears. ”
Comparing the heart to the heart, if the lonely woman was not helpless, how could she come to beat dates in fear? If there is a little sympathy, why put that fence? Du Fu he sympathized with the country's difficulties, and the people were poor, and truly recorded the history of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline and the mood of all kinds of people, people called him "poetry history", he integrated himself with everything around him, the mountains and rivers were sad and he was sad, the trees were also his hair, his poems were living history, and his fate was also the fate of that era. His Yongmei poems reveal a strong nostalgia and a long friendship:
The East Cabinet official Mei moved Shixing, and how inferior was in Yangzhou.
At this time, the snow is reminiscent, and the guests can be free in spring.
Fortunately, it is not broken to hurt the twilight of the year, if it is to look at the homesickness.
A tree by the river hangs down, urging people to turn their heads white.
And Pei Di Deng, Shuzhou Dongting to send guests, every morning, Mei Xiang recalled, send.
That Pei Di was a native of Guanzhong, lived in seclusion in Zhongnanshan in his early years, had a deep friendship with Wang Wei, and entered Shu as a staff member in his later years, and frequently sang and made peace with Du Fu. Pei Di first sent Du Fu a poem entitled "Dengshu Prefecture Dongting Sends Guests to Morning Plum", expressing his thoughts, and Du Fu replied sincerely. His poems have always been somber and frustrated, rigorous in rhythm, ingenious in workmanship, sincere in feelings, and delicate in elegant conversation, which is in line with the "architectural beauty" of Chinese poetry. Although this Yongmei poem is not the best of his poems, it also embodies the above characteristics.
The four seasons in the Three Gorges area are distinct, and the canyon is often covered with clouds and fog, such as ink paintings, and the snow fluttering in winter is another wonderful scene. At this time, the snow is reminiscent, and the guests can be free in spring. At this time, in the face of snow, it will naturally arouse the thoughts of relatives and friends, not to mention that the plum blossoms are in full bloom, and it reminds people of the letter sent by a friend not long ago, which also mentions the early plum blossoms at the end of the year and before spring. It makes people feel that the years are inexorable, that old age is easy, and that people are doubly homesick and longing for reunion with family and friends. Du Fu also used the allusion of "folding plums" here, saying that fortunately you did not fold the plums and sent them, otherwise it will arouse the sadness of my twilight and the more homesickness and confusion. He told his friends that there was a plum tree by the river, where he went every day, and when he saw the flowers blooming layer by layer, he couldn't help but think that people would grow old day by day.
Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty called this poem "the first in ancient and modern Yongmei" (Qiu Zhaoao's "Du Shaoling Collection Detailed Notes" volume 9 citation), which is not unreasonable. Poetry is based on writing love as the first meaning, and the poetry of Yongwu must also see the love in the matter, and Du Fu's poetry is just focused on lyricism, not in Yongwu, this poem is deeply affectionate, the language is plain, with a heartfelt tone, straight and real, simple and showy, such as aged wine, wine is not intoxicating, people are drunk.
At the end of the Song Dynasty, a person named Fang Hui wrote in the volume of "Yingkui Rhythm": "Old Du poems can be happy with the joy of the spring things in Du Fu's plum poems. The words "Suo" and "Laugh" were then the poets of the ages. The Song people painted "Du Fu's Patrol Eaves Suo Laughing Picture", "Patrol Eaves Suo Laughing" expresses people's beautiful yearning for spring prosperity and wanton travel, which has become an allusion and a gentle feature of Du Fu Yongmei.
Editor: Zhang Jing].
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